一般过去时与一般将来时详解.doc

一般过去时 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？ 动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音和元音后读d；在t,d后读id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedlivedhoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiesworriescries 巧记一般过去时：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didnt添； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 不含be动词时如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。 含be动词时疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌 握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧： 一是时间状语巧， 表示过去的短语要记牢； 二是形式巧，单数was，复数were； 三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟waswere； 四是疑问句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧 与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。 【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。They were over there a moment ago 刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasnt, werent。即：主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他。例如：I was not (wasnt) here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿。My parents were not (werent) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗？Was she late this morning今天早上她迟到了吗？更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语waswere”；否定回答用“No,主语wasntwerent”。例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？Yes, they were (No, they werent) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。） 随堂练习单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天） A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt ( )6. I cleaned my classroom _. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before( ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back( ) 8 . _? He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday( ) 9. What did you do _ ? I went to the movies. A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday( ) 10. The koala sleeps _，but gets up _. A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during night C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night 一般将来时基本结构：She will come to have class tomorrow.Will she come to have class tomorrow?She wont come to have class tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?肯定形式：am/is/are going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：am/is/are going not to + do；will/shall not + do. 一般将来时的用法1、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。例如：Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps, possibly, maybe等连用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。 Maybe shell go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。三、be going to +不定式，表示将来。1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3、注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。1两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。2两者在时间的发生上，be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。例如：He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。 He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。3两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先计划、准备的意思；will则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。4在条件壮语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。 Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师，她会告诉你答案。四、be +不定式表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。五、be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。巩固练习：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提问）_2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. （用often改写句子）_3.Sam will visit Brazil next week. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。_5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊？ 随堂练习一、用所给动词的一般将来时填空1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. How long _ you _（study）in our country? I _（plan）to be here for about one more year. I _（hope）to visit the other parts of your country. What _ you _（do）after you _（leave）here? I _（return）home and _（get）a job.3. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a present.5. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.6. _ you _（be）here this Saturday? No. I _（visit）my teacher.7. _ I _（get）you a copy of todays newspaper? Thank you.8. I am afraid there _（be）a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you.