钢板龟裂叫水的恢复方法.doc

钢板龟裂叫水的恢复方法在锅炉运行中,锅炉水位低于最低安全水位而危及锅炉安全运行的现象,称为缺水事故。缺水事故可分为轻微缺水和严重缺水两种。如水位在最低安全水位线以下,但还能看见,或虽然已看不见水位,但对允许采用“叫水法”的锅炉 进行 “叫水”后水位很快出现时,属于轻微缺水。如水位已看不见,用“叫水法”也不能出现时,属于严重缺水。锅炉缺水事故,如果处理不当,会造成设备严重损坏,如果在锅炉严重缺水的情况下进水,就会导致锅炉爆炸。这是因为锅炉缺水后,一方面钢板被干烧而过热,甚至烧红,使强度大为下降,另一方面由于过热后的钢板温度与给水的温度相差极为悬殊,钢板先接触水的部位因遇冷急剧收缩而龟裂,在蒸汽压力的作用下,龟裂处随即撕成大的破口,汽水从破口喷射出来,即造成爆炸事故。In boiler operation, boiler water level is lower than the lowest security and endanger the safe operation of the boiler water level phenomenon, known as the water accident. Water shortage accidents can be divided into mild and severe water shortage. Water shortage Such as water level below the lowest safe water line, but also can see, or although already cant see water, but allowed the use of water to call water boiler water level after soon appeared, belong to minor lack of water. Such as water level have been invisible, in the water appear, belong to severe water shortages. The boiler water shortage accident, if not handled properly, can cause severe damage to equipment, if under the condition of severe water shortage in boiler feed water, will result in boiler explosion. This is because after the boiler water shortage, on the one hand, steel is dry and overheating, burning red, even makes the intensity decrease, on the other hand due to overheating after the steel plate temperature difference between water temperature is extremely wide, steel contact water first place due to encounter cold contraction crack, under the action of steam pressure, then tore into big crevasse crack place, soda out of the crevasse spray, which caused the explosion. 1. 锅炉缺水的现象:1. The boiler water shortage phenomenon: (1) 水位低于最低安全水位线,或看不见水位,水位表玻璃管 ( 板 ) 上呈白色;(2) 双色水位计呈全部气相指示颜色;(3) 高低水位警报器发生低水位警报信号;(4) 低水位联锁装置使送风机、引风机、炉排减速器电机停止运行;(5) 过热器汽温急剧上升,高于正常出口汽温;(6) 锅炉排烟温度升高;(7) 给水流量小于蒸汽流量,如若因炉管或省煤器管破裂造成缺水时,则出现相反现象;(8) 缺水严重时,可嗅到焦味;(9) 缺水严重时,从炉门可见到烧红的水冷壁管;(10) 缺水严重时,炉管可能破裂,这时可昕到有爆破声,蒸汽和烟气将从炉门、看火门处喷出。(1) water level is lower than the lowest safe water line, or invisible water level, water level gauge glass tube (on board) with a white; (2) double color gauge instructions is all gas phase color; (3) high and low water level alarm in low water level alarm signal; (4) low water level interlock blower, draught fan, grate stop running gear reducer motor; (5) the superheater steam temperature rise sharply, higher than the normal outlet steam temperature; (6) the boiler exhaust smoke temperature; (7) feed water flow is less than the steam flow, if because of the furnace tube or economizer tube rupture caused by water shortage, appeared opposite phenomenon; (8) serious water shortage, can smell burnt taste; (9) serious water shortage, visible from the door to the red-hot water wall tube; (10) serious water shortage, furnace tube may rupture, this is xin to have original, steam and flue gas will look from the oven door, fire door. 2. 锅炉缺水的原因2. The cause of the boiler water shortage (1) 司炉人员疏忽大意,对水位监视不够;(2) 司炉人员或维修人员冲洗水位表或维修水位表时,误将汽、水旋塞关闭,造成假水位; (3) 司炉人员冲洗水位表不及时,造成假水位;(4) 给水设备发生故障,给水自动调节器失灵或水源中断 , 停止供水; (5) 给水管路设计不合理;(6) 通风除尘设备给水管道被污垢堵塞或破裂;给水系统的阀门关闭或损坏;(7) 排污阀泄漏或忘记关闭;(8) 炉管或过热器管、省煤器管破裂;(9) 高低水位报警器失灵 , 不发出铃声和光信号。(1) to fire staff negligence, the water level monitoring is not enough; (2) to fire workers or rinse water gauge or maintenance personnel maintenance water gauge, mistaking, steam, water cock closed, causing false water level; (3) to fire staff rinse water level indicator is not timely, causing false water level; (4) water supply equipment fails, the automatic feed water regulator failure or interruption of water, stop water supply; (5) feed line design is not reasonable; (6) water supply pipe were choked up with dirt or burst; Water supply system or damage to the valve is closed; (7) drain valve leakage or forget to shut down; (8) furnace and superheater, economizer tube burst; (9) high and low water level alarm failure, not rings and light signal. 3. 锅炉缺水的处理3. The boiler water treatment 当锅炉水位表见不到水位时,首先用冲洗水位表的方法判断缺水还是满水。如果判断为缺水,对于水位表的水连管低于最高火界的锅炉,应立即紧急停炉,降低炉膛温度,关闭主汽阀和给水阀。对于水容量较大,并且水连管高于锅炉最高火界的锅炉,可用“叫水”法判断缺水严重程度,以便采取相应措施。When cant see water boiler water level gauge, the first with the method of the flushing water level indicator to judge water is filled with water. If judged to lack water, for water level gauge water pipe is lower than the highest fire industry boiler, shall be immediately stopped emergency, the lower the temperature in the furnace, close the main steam valve and the water supply valve. For water capacity is larger, and even the water pipe is higher than the highest fire industry boiler, boiler can use water method to judge the severity shortage, in order to take corresponding measures. 通过“叫水”判断缺水不严重时,可以继续向锅炉给水,恢复正常水位后,可启动燃烧设备逐渐升温、升压投入运行。Through water judge not serious water shortage, can continue to the boiler feed water, returned to normal level after, can start burning device heats up, booster in operation. 通过“叫水”判为严重缺水时,必须紧急停炉,严禁盲目向锅炉给水。决不允许有侥幸心理,企图掩盖造成锅炉缺水的责任而盲目给水。这种错误的做法往往酿成大祸,扩大事故,甚至造成锅炉爆炸而炉毁人亡。Through water sentence to severe water shortages, must urgently boiler stop, do not blindly to the boiler feed water. Not allowed to have fluky psychology, attempting to cover up the responsibility of the boiler water shortage and water blindly. This kind of mistake often disaster, expand the accident, even the furnace apart boiler explosion. “叫水”的方法是: (1) 开启水位表的放水旋塞。 (2) 关闭汽旋塞。 (3) 关闭水旋塞。 (4) 再关闭放水旋塞。 (5) 然后开启水旋塞,看是否有水从水连管冲出。如有水冲出,则是轻微缺水;如无水位出现,证明是严重缺水。“叫水”过程可反复几次但不得拖延太久,以免扩大事故。A water method is: (1) open the drain tap water gauge. (2) shut off the steam cocks. (3) shut off the water cock. (4) close the drain cock again. (5) and then open the water cock, look to whether have rushed out of the water from the water pipe. If you have rushed out of the water, is a slight lack of water; If there is no water, proved to be an acute shortage of water. Water process can be repeated several times but can not delay too long, so as to avoid accidents. 二、锅炉满水事故Second, accident of boiler with water 在锅炉运行中,锅炉水位高于最高安全水位而危及锅炉安全运行的现象,称为满水事故。满水事故可分为轻微满水和严重满水两种。如水位超过最高许可水位线,但低于水位表的上部可见边缘,或水位虽超过水位表的上部可见边缘,但在开启水位表的放水旋塞后,能很快见到水位下降时,均属于轻微满水。如水位超过水位表的上部可见边缘,当打开放水旋塞后,在水位表内看不到水位下降时,属于严重满水。In boiler, the boiler water level is higher than the highest security and endanger the safe operation of the boiler water level phenomenon, called water accident. With water accident can be divided into two with water slightly filled with water and serious. Such as water level highest permission in the water, but the upper edge of the visible below the water table, or water level is more than the upper part of the water gauge visible edge, but in the open after the drain tap water gauge, can quickly see when water levels fall, all belong to slightly filled with water. Such as water level gauge in the upper part of the visible edge, when open the drain tap, the water level in the table cant see the water level falls, belongs to the serious fi