初三非谓语动词.doc

语法系列复习专题三-数词和介词Unit14数词 （num.）数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。 1 基本用法(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。Thirty of them are Party members.（主语）/ The nine boys are from Tianjin.（定语）(2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。Our country has a population of 1,300 million people. After the war, thousands of people became homeless.(3) 表示时刻用基数词。在半小时以内，表示“几点过几分”，用介词past。a quarter past nine 在半小时以上，表示“几点差几分”，用介词to。 twenty to nine 表示“几点几分” 可直接用基数词 eleven thirty nine twenty（4）序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。Tom is their second son. / He is the first one to come here.（5）序数词有时前面加不定冠词a/ an表示“再一”，“又一”的意思Well have to do it a second time（6）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。2004年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four(7) 表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。当分数修饰的名词为单数 可数名词或不可数名词时，谓语用单数，当修饰复数名词时，谓语用复数。three fourths one second2 特殊用法（1）数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Two months is quite a long time / Four and two is six( 2 ) 一个半小时 onean hour and a half 或 one and a half hours( 3 ) 基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数字连用，如hundreds of people b. 在一些表示一排或一组的词组里 They arrived in twos and threes. c. 表示几十岁；in his forties d. 表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数 in the 1930s / 1930s( 4 ) of the + 基数词 表“范围” She is the most beautiful girl of the three.( 5 ) a / an + 序数词 表示“又一，再一” Although I failed twice, he encouraged me to have a third try. ( 6 ) 一般情况下，序数词前加the, 但基数词前不加冠词。Sunday is the first day of a week.易混点清单1) 数字表达法数词+ hundred/ thousand/ million / billion + 名词复数hundreds / thousands/ millions/ billions + of + 名词复数2) another, more, other修饰数词的用法区别 another表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数，而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”之意时，可跟带有few或具体数字的复数名词，此时可把“数词复数名词”看作是一个整体。Ill be here for another few weeks/ Ill finish the novel in another 10 minutes.other 表“另外的”接复数名词，如与具体数词连用，则置于数词之后，但与定冠词the连用时，other要放在数词前. Do you know where he found the other two photos？more一般位于数词之后名词前,有时可放在名词后.more还可与a few, a little, a lot以及不可数名词连用。She has got five more electric fans。/ Id like to buy a few more copies of English Weekly.针对练习1.Is this your _ visit to my hometown,Zunyi? No.Ive been here for many times. A.one B.the first C.first2.More than nine students are doing sports now. A .hundreds B. hundred of C. hundred D. hundreds 3. Now, everybody, please turn to Page _ and look at the _picture.A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D. Five; five 4. I dont believe that this _ boy can paint such a nice picture.A. five years old B. five-years-old C. five-year-old.5._ of the land is covered with trees and grass in Pingjiang, Yueyang.A. Three fives B. Three fifths C. Three fifth6. About_of the students in our class were born in the_A. two-thirds, 1990s B. two-thirds, 1990 C. two-third, 1990s7. For breakfast, I usually have_ and two pieces of bread. A. a cup of mild half B. half a cup of milk C. a half milk cup D. half a milk cup8. David, how old is your father this year? _. And we just had a special party for his _ birthday last weekend. A. Fortieth; forty B. Forty; forty C. Forty; fortieth D. Fortieth; fortieth 9. _ of the land in the district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifth; is D. Two fifths; are10. Has Mary been back? Not yet, She will come back _ the evening of June_.A.at; first B.to; thirties C.on; the twelfth D.on the nineteen介词 ( prep.) 1. 介词分类：1简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, on, during, in, on2合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, upon, within, without3短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4分词转化成的介词including5形容词转化成的介词like, unlike, near, next2 常用介词的区别：1表示时间的in, on, atAt表示时间点，in表示时间段，on总是与日子有关2表示时间的since, from, forsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始,用于过去，现在，将来时。for后接一段时间，多用于完成时。3表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示时间的by, during, until, beforeby + 时间点，“到。为止”；during+时间段，“在。期间”until 用于否定句，“知道。才”；before表时间，“在。之前”5表示地点的on, in，to(方位)in表示在同一范围内，on表示毗邻，to表示在范围之外6表示“穿过”的through, across, overthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关7over, above, on的区别over 在。正上方，above在上方（空间），on在上面,两物体接触8below, under的区别below在。下方，under 在。正下方9at, in , on 表地点的区别at 用于较小的地方，in用于较大的地方，on表示在一个平面上10as与like的区别as意为“作为，以地位或身份”，like为“象一样”，指情形相似【实例解析】1.The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show. A. by B. in C. to D. on2. Is your father home? No, hes working late _ the office.A. on B.at C.of D.to 3. Would you please show me the way _ the bank? Yes, go straight ahead. Its opposite a school.A. in B.for C.with D.to4. Could I have an early morning call _ six oclock tomorrow?A. on B.to C.at D.in5. After the final exam, Changchang, _ her mother, is going to travel to Canada instead of staying at home all the time.A. and B.with C.as well6. Bill has made great progress _ the help of his teachers.A. under B.with C.for7. My father has a habit of jogging _ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning.A. between B.along C.over D.through 8. Do you believe that paper is made _ paper wood? Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made _ paper.A. from; from B.from; of C.of; from D.of; of 9. All the workers went home yesterday_ Mr. White. Why? Because he was on duty.A. except B.besides C.beside D.except for10. Wheres Fujian? It is _ the west of Taiwan.A. at B.in C.on D.to 11. The moonlight goes _ the window and makes the room bright.A. across B.through C.over D.in12. My classmates are getting on well _ me. I like them.A. with B.for C.in D.about13. The cake is made _- cheese. I made it all _ myself. Have a taste, please. A. of; by B.from; by C.from; / D.of; ofUnit 14 Have you packed yet?1. yet 和already 区别yet和already 都是表示时间状语的副词，都可用于完成时态，意为“已经”。区别：yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中，常位于句末。2. clean sth. out 打扫某物之内部，扫除某物的尘土等。 clean sth. up 清除罪犯和不道德分子，整顿（某事物） 3. Ill do it in a minute. 我马上就做。 in a minute “立刻，马上” 相当于“right now ,at once ,in a moment” “in +一段时间”表示“在（将来）.以后”。常用语将来时态。 对“in +一段时间”提问，用“how soon”(多久以后）4. be/get ready for.为.做准备 be /get ready to do sth 准备去做某事5. get back to sb“答复或回复某人”6. take the dog for a walk带着狗出去溜溜 (1)take携带，拿走某物，伴随某人take letters to the post 把信付邮take a friend home in ones car用汽车送朋友回家take the dog out for a walk 带狗出去散步(2)take得到，享有，吃喝(3)take a holiday/a walk /a bath/a deep breath休假（散步，沐浴，作深呼吸）7. because 和because of. Because 后接从句。而because of 后接名词，代词或动名词。 1) because所表达的原因是未知的，如果要表达明显的理由，或被认为是已知的，则用as或for / so。 2) for和because of相近, 后面要加名词或名词短语。for this reason 为此原因 for its scenery 因风景著名8. chat “闲谈，聊天” 其过去式，过去分词都为chatted, 现在分词是chatting. chat with sb “和某人聊天”; chat about sth “聊某事”9. a number of 和the number of . a number of “大量.，许多.”相当于many , a lot of 后接可数名词复数。作主语是谓语动词用复数形式。 the number of “.的数量”后接可数名词复数。作主语时谓语动词用单数。 10. for / in the past / last twelve months / years / days 12个月/12年/12天来，在过去的12个月/12年/12天 for / in the past / last few years 几年来，近几年。常与现在完成时态连用。11. be sure (not ) to do sth .意为“一定(不)要做某事。常用语祈使句式。 be sure of /about sth / that从句表示主语“相信”或“对.有把握”后接名词。代词，动名词。主语必须是人。12. It is your job to wash the dishes. 洗盘子是你的事。不定式在句中可用作主语。英语中常用it作为语法上的主语，即形式主语，将真实主语不定式放在位于谓语之后。固定搭配：It is / was +adj. / n.(for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事怎么样。13. ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事。 14. One more thing. 还有一件事。 One more .意为“再一个.”数词+more +名词“相当于“another+数词+名词”，表示在原来的基础上再增加一个或几个。15. so far =until now 表示“迄今为止，到目前为止”, 常与现在完成时连用。16. watch sb do sth “看见某人做某事”表示看见动作的发生，进行的全过程。 Watch sb doing sth “看见某人正在做某事”强调动作正在进行。17. thanks to “由于，多亏，幸亏”18. believe in 和believe believe in “相信，坚信”表示相信（信任）某人，相信人格的价值，也可指“信仰，信奉（真理，宗教）等。 believe 表示相信某人所说的话，与这个人的人品无关。19. the purpose of .的目的20.look forward to doing sth “表示期盼，期待做某事”, 词语中to 为介词，后面只能接名词，代词或V-ing 形式。1. We need friends to , or we will feel . A. chat, alone B. chat with, lonely C. speak, lonely D. speak, alone 2. This story tells us how Bill Gates becomes successful. A. mostlyB. mainlyC. mostD. Both A and B3. We will have a camp.A. three week B. three-weeks C. three weeks D. three-week4. his help, I finished the job in time. A. BecauseB. Thanks for C. Because for D. Thanks to5. Jim the army in 2003. He a soldier for 3 years. A. has been, joined B. joined, has been C. joined, joinedD. has been, has been6. Jack Chan to Hollywood a few years ago. Now he a famous movie star A. went, isB. has been, is C. is, is D. was, was 7. So far, Tom about 100 English books. A. readB. readsC. have readD. has read 8. Be sure _the last bus. A. to not miss B.not to missing C.not to miss D.to not missing 9. The tree must twice a week. A. waterB. is watering C. be watered D. waters10. Hes never driven a car before, ? A. is heB. isnt heC. hasnt heD. has he11. Do you remember last time? A. what is your teacher sayingB. what your teacher said C. what did your teacher sayD. what your teacher says12. _students is more than two thousand in the school.A. The number of B.A deal of C.A number of D.Plenty of 13. The football team from our school_all the others and _the award at last. A. beat ;beat B.won;won C.beat ;won D.won ;beat 14. This is a _CD.Every one of us has bought one. A. hit B.hot C.hitting D.warmly Many kids think they are 1 . They think they arent the prettiest or the smartest.At the same time, they think they arent the ugliest or the silliest,which would at least make them stand out. Everyone feels that way sometimes, _2_ in middle school. Kids 3 realize how special they are. It is 4_ growing up.Growing up means understanding what you ca