基数词序数词时间前介词的用法77822.doc

PP学习通-双试定位学习法-名师精讲同步课堂 课程编码77822 【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：语法专项（三）（一）数词数词的定义：表示“多少”和“第几“的词,叫数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。数词分为基数词和序数词两种。 基数词：表示数目的词是基数词，最基本的数词如下：1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety,100 a hundred, 1,000 a thousand, 1,000,000 a million, 1,000,000,000 a billion. 基数词 1-12 是独立单词，需逐个记忆。基数词13 - 19是个位数词的词干后加-teen 构成。其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, 变化不规则。基数词 2090 是在十位数词后面加 -ty 构成。基数词 2199 是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成，中间加上连字符“-”。例如：21 twenty-one。基数词三位以上的数词，在百位和十位之间，一般要用连词“and”。例如：342 three hundred and forty-two 表示“万”的词英语中没有，如1万可用10千来表示：ten thousand. 30万可用 three hundred thousand 来表示。【典型例题】例题1 There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds and sixty fiveB. three hundred and sixty- fiveC. three hundred and sixty five D. three hundred sixty five例题2How long is the river? Its _ metres.A. about three hundreds and seventeen. B. about three hundred seventeen. C. about three hundred and seventeen. D. about three hundreds seventeen.基数词的用法：从句子成分上分析，基数词在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语等。 Four of them went to the factory. 他们四个人去了工厂。（主语）I want two. 我要两个。(宾语） My classmate is eighteen. 我的同学十八岁。(表语) 1）编号的事物用基数词：Today we are going to study Lesson Six. 今天我们要学习第6课。He lives in Room 801. 他住在801房间。a 用No. No（读Number）后加数字，数字读基数词。如：No.1 Number One, No.3 bus Number Three busb 用基数词 词序为：名词（词首字母大写）+ 基数词（如用英语拼写，词首字母也要大写）如：Lesson One, Class Four, World War Two。此种方法较常见，特别是当数字较长时。如：Room 306, No.106 Middle School。注意：编号也可以用序数词 词序为：the + 序数词 +名词 如：the first lesson, the Second World War例题3 Jim is in _ Middle School.A. No.7 thB. 7 thC. 7 No.D. No.7 例题4I think _ lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. five B. the fifth C. fifth D. the five2）表示“年，月，日”时可以用基数词。I was born in 1971. 我生于1971年。例题5His sister was born_.A .in 1998, Octorber21 B. on 1998, Octorber21 C. in Octorber21,1998 D. on Octorber21,19983）表示“几点钟，几点过几分”用基数词。 Its two oclock. 现在是二点钟。Its five fifteen. 现在5点15分。例题6What time is it? Its (2:40).A. forty past two B. two past four C. twenty to three D. twenty to two例题7He stays here for _.A. two and half hours B. two hours and half C. two hours and a half D. two -half hours4）用于加减乘除的数字用基数词。 One plus two is three. 一加二等于三。5）表示大几倍或者小几倍用基数词。 Five times six is thirty. 五乘以六得三十。6）表示百分数用基数词。 Thirty percent of them is water. 它们当中有30%的水。7）表示分数时，分子数字用基数词，但分母要用序数词，如分子不是1，序数词要用复数形式。One-third of the books are mine. 三分之一的书是我的。Two- fifths of the students are girls. 五分之二的学生是女生。例题8（05 河北）This is a big class, and _ of the students are boys.A. two thirdB. second three C. two- thirds D. two three 8）表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five 注意：1）用复数形式修饰名词使用of+名词复数hundreds of 数以百计thousands of 数以千计tens of thousands of 数以万计several millions of 好几百万 Hundreds of young people like music. 数以百计的年轻人喜欢音乐。但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式，如：five hundred ten thousand three million例题9We have five _ students in our school.A. hundred ofB. hundreds ofC. hundredD. hundreds例题10There are _ people in the zoo on Childrens Day.A. one hundreds B. two hundreds of C. hundreds of D. hundred2）表示时间距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语five minutes walk 步行五分钟的路程Its half an hours walk from my home to the school. 从我家到学校是步行半小时的路程。例题11Its about _.A. half hours walk B. half hour walk C. half hours walk D. half an hours walk3）由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数，名词性短语各部分用-连接。Its a five-minute walk from the classroom to the library. 从教室到图书馆需走5分钟。He is a sixteen-year-old boy.他是一个十六岁男孩。例题12Henry is a _ schoolboyA. 12 yearsB. 12 years oldC. 12-year-oldD. 12-years-old例题 13The schoolboy is _.A. 12 years B. 12 years old C. 12-year-old D. 12 year old序数词：表示数目顺序的词用序数词。例如：first 第一, second 第二, third 第三, fourth 第四, fifth 第五, sixth 第六, seventh 第七, eighth 第八, ninth 第九, tenth 第十, eleventh 第十一,twelfth 第十二, thirteenth 第十三, nineteenth 第十九, twentieth 第二十, fortieth 第四十, fifty-first 第五十一, eighty-third 第八十三, ninety-fourth 第九十四 1）序数词119 除第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九，第十二变化不规则外，其余均由在基数词后加上 -th。 2）十位整数的序数词的构成方法是将十位整数基数词的词尾 -y 变成 i 再加 -eth。 3）几十几的序数词，只是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词。如：第1first 第2second 第3third 第5fifth 第9ninth第12twelfth 第20twentieth序数词的用法：序数词主要用作定语，表语。前面要加定冠词 the。但序词前如果有物主代词或名词所有格一般不用the。The fifth lesson is very easy to learn. 第五课很好学。You are the first one I believe. 你是我最相信的人。例题 14I think that the _century will bring us more hopes.A. twenty-oneB. twentieth-firstC. twenty-firstD. twentieth-one 例题 15Tuesday is _ day of the week.A. two B. the second C. three D. the third例题 16 September is the _ month of the year.She is the _ woman to come here.(十二)（二）时间前介词的用法 at 1. 用在具体的某一时间前，即表示几点几分。I get up at six oclock in the morning. 我在早晨六点起床。2. 用在at noon (在中午) at night(在夜里) at that time(在那时)at Christmas(在圣诞节)等短语中We often go out for a walk at night. 我们在夜晚出去散步。 in1. 用在某年某月某季某周前in winter 在冬天 in October 在十月 in the first week 在第一周 in 2008 在2008年 2. 用来表示“在白天、早晨、上午、下午、晚上”in the day 在白天 in the morning 在早晨 in the afternoon在下午 in the evening 在晚上3. 表示在一段时间之后或之内Hell come back in two days. 他将在两天后回来。 on 1. 用来表示具体的某一天或具体的某个节日on my birthday 在我生日那天 on May 1st 在五一 on Sunday 在周日 on Teachers Day在教师节2. 用来表示具体某一天的上下午或晚上on Monday morning 在周一的早晨 on the evening of October 10th在10月10日的晚上 for 表示延续的时间段After class I have volleyball for two hours. 放学后我打两个小时的排球。The Green family have been in China for four years.格林一家来中国已经两年了。 从到The shop opens from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. 这家商店从早晨8点到晚上9点营业。We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五上学。注意：名词前如果有this，last，next 一般不用介词 例题 17 They have no classes_ Saturday and Sunday.A. inB. onC. atD. from例题 18He goes to bed _ nine every day.A. in B. on C. at D. for 例题 19I will finish the work _ two weeks.A. for B. on C. in D. at 例题 20Tom often gets up _ six _ the morning.A. at, on B. on, in C. at, at D. at , in例题 21She likes go swimming _ Sunday morning. A. at B. in C. on D. for例题 22We went to the city _ a very cold evening.A. at B. in C. on D. for例题 23Every evening I watch TV _ two hours.A. in B. from C. for D. about 【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. They are all good_(run).2. We teach _（they）English. 3. My cousin _（have）a new dictionary. 4. There are four _（tomato）on the table. 5. My mother often_（buy）some nice food on weekends. 二、单项选择1. I dont like _ thrillers _ playing baseball. A. watching; orB. watching; andC. to watch; or D. to watch; and *2. I like you, Tom. Lets _ good friends. A. doB. knowC. beD. have3. Can Lily _ French? A. sayB. speakC. tell D. talk4. _! Tom. Its 7: 00 oclock in the morning. A. Get to B. Go to bed C. Get onD. Get up5. _? Its six oclock. A. What time is itB. What day is itC. How old are youD. What is the date6. Football is _ game. A. boysB. a boys C. boys D. boys 7. The teacher and the students talk _ English _ class. A. with; in B. in; in theC. in; inD. with; in the8. Look at these _. Victor has _ aunt and two uncles.A. photos, a B. photos, an C. photoes, the D. photoes, an 9. _? Yes, please.A. How are you B. Can I help you C. What can you do for me D. Can you play guitar10. Miss White is a good teacher. She usually _.A. helps me to English B. help me learning EnglishC. helps me with my English. D. helps me for English.11. Maria likes documentaries _ cartoon, _ she doesnt like thrillers.A. and , and B. and, but C. but, but D. or, and *12. _ has an apple. A. Each boys B. Each a boy C. A each boy D. Each boy*13. Do you know _ , Lily.A. what color is it B. how old is he C. where is the school D. what club she wants to join14. Lets _ volleyball. That _ good.A. playing, is B. play, sound C. play, is sound D. play, sounds*15. Peter often _ my textbook _ home. A. brings, to B. brings, C. takes, D. takes, to 三、改错题，下列句中均有一处错误，找出来并改正。 1. Hes favorite sport is tennis. 2. How many milk is there in the bottle? 3. My father usually go to work at 7:30. 4. Math is me favorite subject. 5. Are this your brother? 四、句型转换1. She is a woman teacher . （变复数句） _.*2. He does his homework at 7:00 oclock. （改为否定句）He _ _ his homework at 7:00 oclock.3. I like bananas best. （同义句）_ _ _ is bananas.4. Her art teacher is Mr. Wang. （对划线部分提问）_ her art teacher? 5. My son likes swimming because its funny . （对划线部分提问）_ _ your son _ swimming?五、完形填空 We have many vegetables. They are 1 , carrots and broccoli. Vegetables have many 2 . They are usually green, red, yellow 3 white. The green vegetables are the best. We 4 many green vegetables 5 . Vegetables are good 6 us. They are 7 food. We can make vegetable salad. I have 8 vegetable salad for breakfast. My sister Lucy is a baseball player. She 9 to eat fruits best. She eats 10 salad. She makes it with many fruits.1. A. orangesB. hamburgersC. tomatoesD. salad2. A. colors B. names C. lists D. kinds3. A. but B. and C. or D. also4. A. eat B. like C. bring D. buy5. A. day B. everyday C. every day D. year6. A. on B. to C. at D. for7. A. healthy B. interesting C. fun D. health8. A. a set of B. a lots of C. many D. a lot of9. A. need B. like C. likes D. is likes10. A. fruit B. vegetable C. breakfast D. a 六、阅读理解Brain is a school boy. Hes twelve. He lives in(居住在) Shanghai now. He is from England. He studies in a junior middle school. He gets up at half past five every