初二第二讲学案.docx

第二讲 Where did you go on vacation?适用学科英语适用年级八年级教材版本新版人教新目标课时时长（分钟）90知识点1. .反身代词；2.形容词的位置；3. . 形容词的用法4.地点副词；5.一般过去时；6. . 系动词；7. What引导的感叹句教学目标1) 掌握以下单词：anyone, everyone, myself, yourself 2) 掌握以下句型： Where did you go on vacation? I went to the mountains. Where did Tina to on vacation? She went to the beach. Did you go with anyone? Yes, I did./No, I didn t. 3) 掌握以下语法： 复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。 反身代词myself，yourself等的用法 一般过去时态的特殊疑问句，一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。教学重点1、重点词汇和词组的用法2、反身代词的用法教学难点1) 复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。2) 一般过去时规则动词和不规则动词。复习预习 一般过去时复习1.构成：动词的过去式动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-d末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-ed2.一般过去时的用法 表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。例如：I went to school at 7:00 yesterday morning.我昨天早晨七点去上学。 表示在过去某个时间存在的状态。例如：She was not at home last night.她昨晚八点没在家。 表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often(经常)、always(总是)、sometimes(有时)等表示频率的时间状语连用。例如：He often had lunch at school last month.他上个月经常在学校吃午饭。 表示已故的人所做的事情或情况。例如：Ba Jin wrote a lot of novels for us.巴金写了很多部小说。3.四种时间状语yesterday及相关短语。例如：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天上午/下午/晚上。“last+ 时间状语”构成的短语。例如：last night/month/spring/year 昨晚/上个月/去年春天/去年。“一段时间+ago”组成的短语。例如：three days ago 三天以前 four years ago四年以前。“介词+ 时间名词”组成的短语。例如：in 1999 在1999年；on the morning of December 25th 在12月25号早上。4.四种谓语动词的表现形式be动词的过去式was、were.例如：She was a teacher five years ago. 她五年前是一名教师。行为动词的过去式，分为规则动词和不规则动词两种。规则动词的过去式的构成遵循以下四个规则：1）直接在动词后加ed，例如：help-helped; want-wanted等； 2）以不发音的字母e结尾时，去掉e加ed (即直接加d) , 例如：like-liked; use-used等；3）以辅音字母y结尾时，把y变成i再加ed, 例如：carry-carried; study-studied等；4）以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed, 例如：stop-stopped; shop-shopped等。而不规则动词的过去式则需要我们认真下工夫去记了，例如：go-went; come-came; buy-bought等。连系动词的过去式。例如：become-became She became angry. 她生气了。情态动词的过去式+动词原形。例如：I could swim at the age of five. 我五岁时就会游泳了。5.四种句式的构成一般过去时态的肯定句式“主语+动词过去式+其它”例如：Jenny bought a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天买了一件短裙。一般过去时态的否定句式 “主语+didnt+动词原形+其它”例如：Jenny didnt buy a skirt yesterday. 詹妮昨天没有买短裙。一般过去时态的一般疑问句式 “Did+主语+动词原形+其它”例如：Did Jenny buy a skirt yesterday? 詹妮昨天买短裙了吗？一般过去时态的特殊疑问句式 “疑问词+did +主语+动词原形+其它”例如：What did Jenny buy yesterday? 詹妮昨天买了什么？知识讲解一重点语法讲解 反身代词(1)反身代词的构成一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数复数 第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：复数： (2)反身代词的常见搭配：玩得高兴_自学_ 独自_ 随便吃_ 自我介绍_(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。 【练习1】Ill have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a little bit nervous. Believe in_. Youre the best in our club. A. herselfB. myselfC. yourselfD. Himself 【练习2】 - Jim, please help_ to some bread . 二 词汇知识知识点1 anyone pron. 任何人，它是复合不定代词。可用于肯定句。Anyone can come here to have the party.任何人都可以来这儿参加宴会。知识延伸(1)表示“某人”，常用于否定句、疑问句及条件句。(2)用作主语，谓语动词用单数；若需用代词代替，可用单数he，him或复数they，them均可。(3)被形容词修饰时，形容词应置于其后。I can do it if anybody can.如果有谁能干这事，我也能。If anyone comes，ask him (them) to wait.要是有人来，让他(他们)等着。Did you see anyone interesting?你见过有趣的人吗？【练习1】 Can _think of a way to get money? Asomeone Bany one Csome oneDanyone【练习2】I didnt meet_ there. Asomeone importantBanyone important Cimportant someoneDimportant anyone知识点2 quite a few 相当多；不少，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。I have quite a few friends here. 我在这儿有相当多的朋友。There are quite a few books on the shelf. 书架上有不少书。词汇辨析quite a few，quite a little，few，little(1)quite a few同上。(2)quite a little 相当多；不少，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 Theres quite a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多水。(3)few 几乎没有，表示否定意义，修饰可数名词复数。 Few people know him in the city. 在这个城市很少有人认识他。(4)little 几乎没有，表示否定意义，修饰不可数名词。 Theres little time left.几乎没有时间了。【练习1】 There re_ interesting places in China. Aquite a few Bquite a little Cfew Dlittle【练习2】Sorry，I can give only_ water to you. Aa few Ba little Cfew Dlittle知识点3 most adj.，adv.&pron.最多；大多数(1)most 可以用作代词，意为“大部分；大多数”。 Most of the students in our class like English. 我们班大多数学生喜欢英语。(2)most可以用作副词，意为“最大；最高”。 This is the most difficult problem of the three. 这是三个问题中最难的一个。(3)most用作形容词，意为“大多数的；大部分的”。 Most children like playing football very much. 大部分的孩子非常喜欢踢足球。(4)most可以是many和much的最高级，表示最多的。 He has the most friends in our class. 在我们班里，他的朋友最多。He owns the most money among my friends.在我的朋友中，他的钱最多。【练习】_ dont like their children to play computer games too much. Amost parentsBmost of the parents CMost parentsDMost of the parent知识点4 activity n. 活动，可数名词We often do some afterclass activities at school. 在学校里我们经常做课后活动。知识延伸：actor n. 男演员；actress n女演员Do you like the actors or actresses in the movie?你喜欢这部电影中的男演员还是女演员？【练习】Are you free？Lets do some _with Tom. Aactivity Bactors Cactresses Dactivities知识点5 decide v. 决定；选定，后跟动词不定式或从句作宾语。He decided that he would start out at 6：00 that morning. 他决定那天早晨六点出发。 知识延伸decide on选定；决定，后常跟名词、代词、动词ing形式作宾语。She decided on the city. 她选定了那座城市。decision 决定，decide的名词形式，可构成make a decision决定；下决心，相当于decide。She decided/made a decision to get good grades. 她决定取得好成绩。【练习1】Mary decided_pop music the next day. Ato listen Blisten to Cto listen to Dlistening to【练习2】 Bill thought about a few countries for vacation and at last he decided _ Japan. Aat Bfor Con Dof知识点6 try v& n. 尝试；设法；努力try to do sth.尽量/努力做某事I try to finish the work on time. 我尽量按时完成这份工作。try doing sth.试着做某事My classmate Liu tried cooking fish yesterday. 我的同学刘昨天试着做鱼了。try n尝试May I have a try? 我可以试试吗？【练习】 Shes trying _ an elephant there. Adraw Bto draw Cto drawing Ddraws知识点7 building n建筑物；房子，是可数名词。Whats your favorite building? 你最喜欢什么建筑物？知识延伸：build v. 建造We want to build a hotel near the beach. 我们想在海边建一个宾馆。build n身材My mother is of medium build. 我妈妈中等体型。builder n. 建设者The builders finished the house two days ago. 建筑工人们两天前盖好了房子。【练习】The _are busy _the tall_. Abuilder；build；buildingBbuildings；build；builder Cbuilders；building；buildingsDbuild；building；builders知识点8 difference n差别；差异常构成短语：make a difference 有影响；起作用the difference(s) between.and.，意为“和两者间的不同点”。Eating a lot of vegetables can make a difference. 吃大量蔬菜会有帮助的。There are many differences between Mary and Joan. 玛丽和琼两人有许多不同点。知识延伸：different adj. 不同的differently adv.不同地【练习1 】There is no _ between the twins. Adifference Bdifferent Cdifferently Ddifferences【练习2 】_ideas can make_. ADifference；difference BDifferent；a difference CDifferently；different DDifference；differently知识点9 wait v. & n等待；等候1.作动词时，用法如下： （1）wait to do sth.等着去做某事 They are waiting to have dinner. 他们正等着吃晚饭。 （2）wait后接表示所等的人、物时，应与介词for连用。 They are waiting for a bus. 他们正在等公共汽车。 （3）wait for sb./sth.to do sth.等某人(物)进行某种动作 We are waiting for Jim to come. 我们正等着吉姆的到来。 （4）cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事 Children cant wait to open the presents. 孩子们迫不及待地打开礼物。2.wait n等待；等候 I dont like this long wait. 我不喜欢这种长时间的等待。【练习1】Are you_a bus? Await Bwaiting Cwait for Dwaiting for【练习2】He doesnt like that long_，but he has to _ the teacher to finish class. Await；wait Bwait for；wait Cwait；wait for Dwait for；wait for知识点10 because of 因为，后接名词、代词、名词性短语。Because of his illness，he cant go to school today.因为他的疾病，今天他不能去上学。词汇辨析：because of和becausebecause of表示原因，后接名词、代词、名词性短语。because表示原因，其后跟从句。We didnt get there because of the heavy rain.We didnt get there because it rained heavily.由于大雨，我们没有及时到达。【练习】_the English teachers help，Li Ming passed the English exam in the end. ABecause BBecause of CIn front of DSorry for知识点11 below prep.& adv. 在下面；到下面As they were climbing the hills，they saw a boy below.当他们正往山上爬时，看见下面有一个男孩。词汇辨析：below和 underbelow 指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，反义词是above。Write your name below the line. 在线下面写下你的名字。under 指在正下方，反义词是over。Whats under the bridge？桥底下是什么？【练习】We are _ the moon. Aunder Bbelow Cover Dabove知识点12 enough adj.足够的；充足的；充分的可以作定语放在可数或不可数名词前面，也可作表语放在系动词后面。Dont worry.We have enough food to eat. 不要担心，我们有足够的食物可吃。Two pairs of socks are enough.两双短袜足够了。知识延伸：(1)enough adv.，意为“足够地；充足地”，修饰形容词、副词或动词时，要放在被修饰词的后面。.enough (for sb.) to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事足够”。Did you sleep enoughlast night? 昨晚你睡够了吗？The story is easy enough for little kids to read. 这个故事很容易，连小孩都能读懂。(2)enough n足够We have enough to do this weekend. 我们这个周末有足够的事情可做。【练习】You are_ now，Bill.So you should wash your clothes by yourself.Ayoung enough Benough oldCold enough Denough young知识点13 dislike v不喜爱；厌恶，其反义词是like。后面可跟名词、动词ing形式、动词不定式作宾语。Do you dislike Hero?你不喜欢英雄吗？No，I like it.不，我喜欢。dislike doing sth.表示通常不喜欢做某事。dislike to do sth.表示不喜欢做某件具体的事或一次性的活动。I like exercising every day，but today I dislike to exercise.我喜欢每天做运动，但是今天我不愿做了。dislike n不喜爱的事物；厌恶的事物，反义词是like。常用作复数形式。What are your likes and dislikes? 你的好恶是什么？【练习1】My little brother likes_books very much. Aread Bwatching Clooking Dreading【练习2】They often talk about their_. Alike and dislike Blikes and dislike Clikes and dislikes Dlike and dislikes 三词汇拓展 1._v. 决定，后跟动词不定式或从句作宾语 decision n.决定，2._n建筑物；房子，是可数名词_ v. 建造_n. 建设者 3._n差别；差异_adj. 不同的_adv.不同地4._adj.愉快的，快乐的_v. 享受，喜爱 5._adj.令人厌烦的_adj. 厌倦的 _vt. 使厌烦四重点句子或句式知识点1 Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？ （1）这是一个由疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句。Where用来询问地点和场所，放在句首，其后跟一般疑问句。 Where did you go last Sunday? 你上个星期天去哪里了？ （2）go on vacation意为“去度假” I went on vacation with my family last summer. 去年夏天我和家人一起去度假。 【练习】Where did you ? I went to summer camp. Ago on vacation Bgo to Con vacation Ddo on vacation知识点2 Oh, did you go anywhere interesting? 哦，你去有趣的地方了吗？ （1）anywhere用作不定副词，意为“在任何地方”。 Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation？ （2）辨析：anywhere与somewhere 形容词修饰二者的时候，形容词要后置。 anywhere意为“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 I cant find it anywhere. 我到处都找不到它 somewhere意为“在某处；到某处”，常用于肯定句中。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 【练习】Where did Jenny go on vacation? She went_. A. somewhere warm B. anywhere warm C. warm somewhere D. warm anywhere知识点3 Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然没人看上去无聊。本句主要是seem的用法，seem v. 好像；似乎；看来，常见的用法如下：(1)seemadj./n.似乎是 Lucy seems quite happy.露西似乎很高兴。 It seems a good idea.似乎是一个好主意。(2)seemto do sth.好像 Group 2 seemed to win the match. 二组好像赢了比赛。(3)It seems that.好像，可以与seem to do sth.互相转换。 His temperature seems to be all right.It seems that his temperature is all right. 他的体温好像很正常。 bored adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的 通常用来形容人。 I feel bored to read this kind of book. 我读这种书感到无聊。知识延伸： boring 也是形容词，意为“无聊的；令人厌烦的”，通常用来形容物。 This kind of book is so boring.这类书如此无聊。【练习1】 The old man_ to have known the good news. Aneeds Bwants Cseems Dsounds【练习2】He is so_ to see the_ book. Abored；bored Bboring；bored Cbored；boring Dboring；boring知识点4 I felt like I was a bird.我感觉像是一只鸟。本句是复合句，I was a bird是省略了that引导的宾语从句。feel like 给的感觉；感受到，后可接名词、代词或从句。We feel like robots. 我们感觉像是机器人。知识延伸：feel like doing sth.would like to do sth.= want to do sth 希望做某事；想做某事I feel like going to bed.I want to go to bed.I would like to go to bed.我想上床睡觉。【练习1】 I feel like _with you at the same class. Astay Bto stay Cstaying Dstayed【练习2】Would you like _shopping with me? Sorry，I feel like_ this book. Ato go；read Bto go；reading Cgoing；to read Dgoing；reading知识点5 I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我很想知道过去这儿的生活是什么样的。本句是复合句，what life was like here in the past作了I wonder的宾语。其中wonder的用法如下：wonder v. 想知道；琢磨(1)wonder后接wh或how从句时，表示“想知道”，相当于want to know。 I wonder who the boy is. 我想知道这个男孩是谁。(2)I wonder if.为固定句式，是寻求帮助或请求准许的客套语，相当于May I.? 肯定回答常有： Sure，go ahead.好的，请吧。 Of course/Sure. 当然可以。 否定回答常用： Im sorry，but.对不起 Im afraid not.恐怕不行吧。 Youd better not.最好不。 I wonder if I can read his new poem. 我想知道是否可以读一下他的那首新诗。 Of course.当然可以了。(3)wonder n. 奇迹 What are the seven wonders in the world? 世界上的七大奇迹是什么？(4)wonderful adj.精彩的；绝妙的 We had a wonderful time in the park last Sunday. 上周日我们在公园里玩得很快乐。【练习1】 We all_ how he made such great progress in a short time. Abelieved Bthought Cdecided Dwondered【练习2】I wonder_I could use your mobile phone.Sure. Athat Bwhy Cif Dwhat【练习3】The Great Wall is one of the greatest_in the world，and its very_. Awonder；wonderful Bwonderful；wonder Cwonders；wonderful Dwonderful；wonders知识点6 What a difference a day makes！一天的差别有多大！本句是感叹句，由what引导，结构为：what+名词（词组）+主语+谓语！此句式所强调的成分是what后面的名词。What fun today is！今天多开心啊！What a pity!多么可惜啊！ 【练习】_ good news they told us yesterday! A. How a B. How C. What D. What a知识点7 We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。(1)本句是复合句。because引导的是原因状语从句。 （2）短语辨析：much too too much too many many too too much的含义是“太多”，充当形容词用时，too是副词，用来修饰much，后接不可数名词。 I have too much work to do.我有太多的活要干。 too much充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多对你的健康有害。 too much充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。 You gave me too much.你给我的太多了。much too意为“太”，much(副词)用来修饰too，以加强语气，只可起副词作用，在句中修饰形容词或副词。Its much too expensive.太贵了。 You walk(much)too far yesterday.昨天你散步走得太远了。 too many的中心词是many，用法与many相同，用来修饰复数可数名词。例如： They bought too many eggs yesterday昨天他们买了太多的鸡蛋。 一般没有many too这种用法。 【练习】Theseshoesare_ big forme. A. too many B. too much C. much too D. many too知识点8 We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片 take photos意为“照相；拍照”。 We take photos on the Great Wall.我们在长城上照了相。 辨析：quite a few与quite a little quite a few意为“相当多的;不少”，修饰可数名词复数，a few 意为“一些，若干（=some）”，后跟可数名词复数形式。 He will stay here for quite a few days. quite a little意为“相当多的;不少”，修饰不可数名词。 There is quite a little water in the bottle(瓶子).【练习】There are_birds in the forest. A. quite a few B. quite a little C. a little D. much例题精析【例题1】 【题干】Mary decided_ the concert the next day. Ato listen Blisten to Cto listen to Dlistening to【例题2】 【题干】You arent_ to drive a car. A. old enough B. enough old C. young enough D. enough young【例题3】 【题干】Would you like_ shopping with me? Sorry，I feel like_ this book. Ato go；read Bto go；reading Cgoing；to read Dgoing；reading【例题4】 【题干】There is_ in todays newspaper. Lets read a storybook. A. something interesting B. nothing interesting C. interesting something D. interesting nothing【例题5】 【题干】How do you like your new job, Sam? Its so _, I dont like it at all. A. boring B. interesting C. bored D. excited【例题6】 【题干】If you eat _ junk food, youll be_ heavy. A. too many, many too B. many too , too much C. too much, much too D. much too, too many【例题7】 【题干】How many people are there in the hall? _.They all go home. ANo one BNone CNobody DEverybody【例题8】 【题干】_ good time they have! A. How B