高中英语教学论文情态动词用法归类实例解析.doc

常见情态动词用法及考点归类实例解析情态动词的用法是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分，用来表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，可以表示能力、必要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有一定的意思，但不完全，需和一定的动词原形一起构成谓语，它们在语义功能上经常出现相互交叉的现象。而且这几年随着高考改革越来越侧重于“突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际”，情态动词由于其本身的功能作用，也就成了历年各地高考中的“常客”。本文将结合高考例题，让同学们“身临其境”地来感悟情态动词的语义功能。一：can/could考例1：1) What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _better.(08年江西) A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done2) You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title.（08年湖南） A.must B. need C. can D. would3）The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out.(97年全国) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 答案：1）C 2）C 3) D归纳：can/could可以用来表示一种泛指的能力，意思为“能够”，could是can的过去时形式。如果要表示特指某一次具体做某事的能力常用be able to。can/could have done可以表示过去本来有能力做某事。例如：I can swim across the river easily. But today I am so tired that Im not able to swim across it.考例2：1）-Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _I go out and play with Tom for a while? -No, Im afraid not. Besides, it is raining outside now.(04年辽宁) A. Cant B. Wouldnt C. May not D. wont 2） A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.(03年全国)A. should B. can C. must D. will 答案：1) A 2) B归纳：can和could 都可以用来表示请求或许可，在疑问句中表示请求时，使用could比can语气更加婉转而没有时态之分；不过在表示许可的回答中之用can而不用could。例如：-Could/Can I use your dictionary for a while?-Yes, you can.考例3： 1）Peter _be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.(08年辽宁)A. shall B. should C. can D. must 2) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes.(08年福建) A. must B. can C. should D. would 3) The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it_be every slow.(05年浙江) A. should B. must C. will D. can答案： 1）C 2) B 3）D归纳：can/could用在肯定句中可以表示一中发生几率不大的可能性。例如： Some things in the home can be dangerous, especially if you have young children. 考例4：1）You _be hungry already-you had lunch only two hours ago!(08年浙江) A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 2) She _have left school, for her bike is still here.(08年天津)A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 3) My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _I have put it?(07年福建)A. can B. must C. should D. would 答案：1) B 2) A 3) A归纳：can和could常用在疑问句和否定句中表示推测语气，意思为“可能”，如果是表示对过去事情的推测时常用can/could have done形式。例如：The man cant be our new headmaster because he looks so young.He couldnt have finished the work when I met him just now.考例5：1) Mr. Smith is on time for everything. How _it be that he was late for the opening ceremony.(01年上海春) A. can B. should C. may D. must 2) How _you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article.(03年上海) A. can B. must C. need D. may 答案：1) A 2) A归纳：can/could都可以用在疑问句中来表示惊奇、怀疑的语气，此时二者没有时态区别，不过could的语气比can婉转。例如：How could he so careless that he made the same mistake again?此外，can/could还经常用在下列短语中：cant help doing情不自禁，忍不住 cannot help but do不得不cant too再也不为过；越越好例如：At the news that they had won the final game, the players couldnt help crying. I couldnt help but walk home when my bike was broken. You cannot be too careful when crossing the road. 二：may/might考例1：-I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins. _I have a look?-Yes, certainly. (02年春) A. Do B. May C. Will D. Should 答案：B归纳： may/might可以用在疑问句中表示求对方的许可。此时二者没有时态区分，不过使用might比may语气婉转。肯定回答时用may，否定回答时用mustnt。例如： -May I watch TV after I finish my homework?-Yes, you may. -No, you mustnt. 考例2： 1) Although this _sound like a simple task, great care is needed.(08年四川)A. must B. may C. shall D. should 2）-Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _it in the wrong place.(07年江西) A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put3) -Are you going to the lecture tomorrow afternoon? -Im not sure now. I _go to Prof. Blacks class instead.(07年北京) A. might B. would C. should D. must 答案：1)B 2)D 3) A归纳：may/might可以用来表示推测语气，不过语气比较弱；如果表示对过去事情的推测时要用may/might have done的形式；may not的意思为“可能不”，比cannot(不可能)语气弱。例如： I may pay a visit to our former English teacher, but Im not sure. 此外，may还可以用来表示祝愿语气，以及构成短语may as well do:最好做；不妨做。例如： May you be happy forever! In my opinion, you may as well ask for his advice. 三：must 考例1：1）In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you _take care of your luggage.(07年北京) A. can B. may C. must D. will 2) Tom, you _leave all your clothes on the floor like this.(05年全国I) A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 3) -Must he come to sign this paper himself? -Yes, he _.(06年广东) A. need B. must C. may D. will 答案：1) C 2) B 3) B归纳：must可以用来表示命令,禁止的意思，语气强烈，常译为 “必须、一定”；.它的否定形式mustnt译为 “不可、禁止；千万不要”。回答must的提问时，肯定意思可以用must，否定回答常用neednt 或dont have to。例如: -Must I return the book before tomorrow? -Yes, you must. -No, you neednt/ dont have to. 考例2：1）-May I smoke here? -If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.(06年山东) A. should B. could C. may D. must 2) John, look at the time. _you play the piano at such a late hour?(05年全国) A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 答案：1) D 2) A归纳：must可以表示发生了与说话人愿望相反的事，常译为 “偏偏、偏要”。例如：Naturally, when I tell him what to do, he must go and do the opposite.考例3：1) The teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose.(07年安徽) A. should B. can C. would D. must 2) -Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. -Great! You _read widely and put a lot of work into it.(07年上海) A. must B. should C. must have D. should have 答案：1) D 2) C 归纳：must可以用在肯定句中表示推测语气，语气最为肯定，意思为一定，否定句和疑问句中用can/could代替；如表示推过去事情的最肯定推测时用must have done形式。例如：You must have suffered a lot when you traveled alone across the desert. 四：shall考例1：1) -Whats the name? -Khulaifi. _I spell that for you?(06年北京)A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 2) -The room is so dirty. _we clean it?-Of course. (03年北京春)A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 答案：1）A 2) B归纳：shall可以用在在疑问句中与第一、三人称连用，用来表示征求意见或请求指示。例如： -We need a person very much to think up such an idea. -Shall the new engineer have a try?考例2：1) -What does the sign over there read?-“No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”(07年四川) A. will B. may C. shall D. must 2）-excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. -You _have my computer if you dont take care of it. (04年湖南) A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt 答案：1）C 2）A归纳：shall可以用在陈述句中与第二、三人称连用，表示给对方命令、警告或威胁的语气。例如：You shall never open the box without my permission. 此外，shall还可以用来构成以Lets 开头的反义疑问句。例如： Lets have a rest, shall we?五：should考例1：1) -I think Ill give Bob a ring. -You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages.(06年江苏)A. will B. may C. have to D. should 2) I often seen lights in that empty house. Do you think I _report it to the police?(04年广西) A. should B. may C. will D. can 答案：1) D 2) A归纳：should可以用来表示劝告、建议，常译为“应当，应该”，表示一种义务上的责任，相当于ought to。例如：You should spare time to pay a visit to your parents every week.考例2：1) -Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? -It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.(07年全国) A. will B. would C. should D. must 2) There _be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lotin the driving school.(05年上海) A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt 答案：1) C 2) C归纳：should可以表示按正常情况估计要发生的事，常译为 “按理应当” 、“估计”。例如： Your photo should be ready by 12 p.m. if things goes smoothly.考例3： _fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.(06年湖北) A. Would you be B. Should be you C. Could you be D. Might you be 答案：B归纳：在if引导的条件状语从句中表示对将来事情的虚拟时，可用should do，should不可省去，但可以省掉if而将should提前；同时在表示建议、请求、命令的动词或名词后的从句中以及important, necessary, strange，natural等形容词后的从句中在谓语动词常用should do，此时should可以省略。It is necessary that everyone in this school (should) learn a second language.He suggested that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.考例4：1) I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _have driven her there.(07年陕西) A. could B. must C. should D. would 2) -Im sorry. I _at you the other day. -Forget it. I was a bit out of control of myself.(08年江苏) A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted 答案：1) C 2）B归纳：should与have done连用，表示与过去事实相反并含有明显的对他人或自己抱怨或责备的语气，意思为“本应该做（而实际上却没有做）”。例如：The tree is dead. You should have watered it more often.六：will/would考例1：1) John promised his doctor he _not smoke, and he never smoked ever since.(08年北京) A. might B. should C. could D. would 2) -Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Dont you forget it!-Ok, I _.(06年重庆) A. wont B. dont C. will D. do 3) -Write to me when you get home.-_.(01年春) A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can 答案：1) D 2)A 3)C归纳：will/would可以表示意志，意愿，常用来构成祈使句的反意疑问句。例如：I can let you look at the photo if you will wait a little longer.Let us have a rest, will you?考例2：When he was there, he _go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.(96年上海)A. would B. should C. had better D. might 答案：A归纳：will可以用来表示习惯性、规律性的动作，常译为“总是，一惯”，would表示过去的习惯；此时will的否定形式wont常用来表示某事物发生了令人不愉快的事情。例如：Fish will die without water.The door wont open every time I hurry to get in. 此外，will/would还可以用在疑问句中和第二人称连用，表示征求意见，二者没有时态之分，不过使用would比