中西集体主义与个人主义的价值观差异.docx

美国的个人主义其实就是尊重作为一个人的价值、尊严和权力。所以美国这种个人主义，是尊重每一个活生生的个体，人的基本权利远远高过任何政权或是国家的权利，也就说，不管你政府权力有多大，都不能凌驾于人的基本权利之上，必须尊重作为一个人的价值和尊严。所以这种主义必然会导致，集体总是反映着每个活生生个体的总体意志。The individualism of America is respected as a persons value, dignity and power. So this individualism of America is to respect every living individual, basic human rights is far greater than any political or national rights, that is to say, the power of the government can not beyond peoples basic rights, no matter how much it is, it must respect the value and dignity as a person. So this principle will inevitably lead to collective always reflects the general will, every living individual will.中国集体主义，是强调个体权利，必须让位于集体，所有的个体必须服从集体的意志，集体的权利要凌驾于每个活生生的个体权利之上。The collectivism of China, emphasis that individual rights must give way to collective, all of the individual must be subordinated to the collective will, collective rights is above every living individual rights.在这两种截然不同的价值观影响下，中西方在政治、教育、生活习惯、语言习惯、文化艺术等领域表现出各自不同的特点。Influenced by these two distinct values, China and the United States exhibit different characteristics in politics, education, living habits, language habits, cultural and artistic fields.在这里我想举两个例子来说明中美对待个人主义与集体主义态度之间的差异，一个是关于工作的；一个是关于战争的：Here I would like to give two examples to illustrate the difference of the attitude toward individualism and collectivism between Chinese and American, one is about the work; the other is about the war:我有一位朋友现在在美国攻读博士学位，最后他告诉我一件事，让我很有感触，他说他最近感冒了，但手头上有很多工作还没完成，感觉身体不好，只好穿的多一点，中午没休息就去实验室工作，在电梯中遇到了导师的秘书，秘书很惊讶的问：“冯你不是感冒了吗，为什么不好好休息”，我同学只好告诉他，在中国个人的事情与集体的事情相比是小事情，个人的事情要让位了集体的事情，在中国这种情况是普遍的，让我同学惊讶的是，秘书告诉他他其中的两个同学以前也感冒了，一个休息了十天，另一个同学从圣诞一直休息到中国的新年。I have a friend who is now studying for a PhD in America, recently he told me one thing, which make me very touched, he said he caught a cold, feels bad, but have a lot of work at hand not completed yet, so he put on more clothes and went to the laboratory at noon without rest , , in the elevator he happened to meet supervisors secretary, the secretary asked his in surprise : dont you have a cold Mr Feng, why dont you take a rest My friend told him, in China a personal thing is just a little thing compared with collective thing, and personal thing must give way to collective thing. this situation is common In China, to my classmates surprise, the secretary told him that two of his classmates had caught a cold, one have a rest for ten days, the other classmate have a rest from Christmas to the Chinese New year.在对待战争中的俘虏问题上中美态度也有很大的差异，在美国人们普遍认为若在战争中被击败，被包围的情况下，投降敌人而不被杀死，丢掉生命是可能理解的事情，甚至认为这样做是明智之举，被俘虏的士兵回国后是不会受到指责和追责的，相反人们会认为他们是勇敢的，值的尊敬的，他们曾为祖国曾经出生入死；但是在中国人们对战俘虏的看法几乎相反，人们认为作为战争中被敌人俘虏是一件可耻的事情，他们提出口号，宁可牺牲也不做俘虏，若被俘虏士兵回国后，他们一般都会受到一些不公平的对待，甚至会被军队追责，同样在中越战争中，令人震惊的是中越两军都不曾抓到对方的俘虏，士兵们都为自己准备了一颗炸弹，称为光荣弹，意思是若他们面临被俘虏的局面时，他们会选择用光荣弹自杀。There is a big difference In the treatment of prisoners of war between China and America, in the United States it is commonly believed that if the army were defeated in the war or surrounded by enemy, Americans think that surrender to the enemy instead of be killed is can be understood, even considered to be a wise choice, and these soldiers are not be accused of accountability after returning home, Instead people will think they are brave, deserve respect, they had ever go through fire and water for the motherland; but in Chinese perceptions of the captive almost the opposite, people think that as the war was captured by the enemy is a shameful thing, they put forward a slogan, would rather sacrifice is not captured, when captured soldiers returned home, they will generally be some unfair treatment, even by the military responsibility similarly, in the Sino-Vietnamese war, shocking is the military had not caught the other prisoners, soldiers prepared for themselves a fried Bomb, called glory, meaning if they face the captive situation, they will choose to Dutch act with glory.总之美国这种个人主义，能够使得集体反映，每个个体的们的总体意志，也就是反映民意。而集体主义，正好相反，个人必须让位于集体，既然给人利益全部出让了，那么这个所谓的集体根本就成了领导的们的意志体现了，因为下面的个体已经把自己的权利和利益让位了。In the United States this individualism, can make collective reflection, the general will of each individuals, is also the reflection of public opinion.But the collective