《中考语法完全突破记忆大纲》第3讲代词.docVIP

语法要精，就用奥风！第三讲：代词一.代词的分类代词是用来代替名词（或名词性结构）的词。九类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词和关系代词。 （人物反相指，不疑连关词）二.代词详解1. 人称代词(1) 定义:表示“你，我，他/她/它及其复数”的代词称为人称代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 数格单复单复单复主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meushimherthem(2). 用法 作主语(用主格）如: We eat to live; we dont live to eat. 作宾语（用宾格）如: They gave him some books. 作表语（主格，宾格皆可）如: It must be he.(主格）It was him that I saw yesterday.（宾格）注意：人称代词作主语，其后不带谓语动词时，在口语中常用宾格。如: Does anyone know him? Me.(3) it的用法 主要用于指代上文提到的事物，也可用于指代婴儿或不明身份的人如: -Whats this? -Its a book.(=This is a book.)I bought a pen last week, but I lost it yesterday.Who is it?Its Tom. 指代天气, 温度, 时间, 距离, 环境等。如: It s cold today. Its ten oclock now. 用作形式主语如: Its important to master English.(it=to master English) 用作形式宾语如：I found it interesting to teach English.(it=to teach English)2.物主代词 (1) 定义: 表示某物属于“谁的”的代词称为物主代词。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单复单复单复形容词性myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursherstheirs(2) 用法形容词性的物主代词:只用作定语如: I havent got your name. 名词性物主代词: 可用作主，宾，表语。如: Hers is a new bike. I dont like hers. Victory will be ours.3.反身代词(1) 定义: 表示“某人自已”的代词称为反身代词。单数都以self结尾，复数则以selves结尾。人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单复单复单复myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves(2) 用法 作宾语如: God help those who help themselves.(自助者，天助之。) You should be proud of yourself. 作表语如: The master of your fate is yourself.（命运的主人是你自己。） Im not myself today. （我今天不舒服。） 同位语如：The matter itself is not important.You should ask Tom himself. 作主语单独的反身代词不用作主语，但在“A and/or/nor B”结构作主语时，B可以用反身代词。如: James and myself did it.4.相互代词(1) 定义: 表示相互关系的代词称为相互代词。只有两个：each other和one another。它们都表示“彼此”.(2) 用法each other用于两者及以上之间one another用于三者及以上之间如: We should help each other/one another.5.指示代词(1) 定义:用于指明一定的人或事物时所用的代词称为指示代词。指示代词:this(这个),that（那个),these(这些),those(那些）this,that指代单数或不可数名词these/those指代可数名词复数this/these指时空上近的事物that/those指时空上较远的事物(2)用法 形容词性用法-作定语如: This desk is small and that one is big. 名词性用法-主要用作主，宾语.如: This is Bill. Do you like that?注意:that可在句中代替前面出现过的单数可数或不可数名词，以避免重复。 如：The climate of Qingdao is cooler than that of Beijing. (that=climate)当其所代替的名词为复数时用those。如：The apples in the basket are bigger than those on the floor. 6. 不定代词1) 定义:不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。常见不定代词有:all ,both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no，something, anything, everything, nothing , somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, none等。 2) 用法要点:(1)every/each. every只能作定语，后接单数可数名词，指代三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。如: Every student is present.（每个学生都在场。） Every man has his weak side.（每个人都有弱点。） each指代两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个，可以在句中作主语，宾语，定语，同位语。如:Each of the students will get a book.（主语）I gave a piece of cake to each of the children.（宾语）He had a pen in each hand. (定语)They each have a book. （同位语）(2)some, any二者都可以用作主语，宾语或定语。可以代替或修饰可数名词（单复数均可）或不可数名词。 some一般用于肯定句中。其修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词时，表示“一些”，修饰可数名词单数时表示“某个”，用于数字前时则可表示“大约”。some用于疑问句时，则表示希望得到对方肯定回答的请求或建议。如：Some have gone back home.(主语） We like some of them.（宾语） I have some books.（定语） May I have some water? （表请求） Should we get some oil? （表建议） any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，也可用于肯定句，表示“任何；任一”。如:Have you any brother/brothers?I dont like any of these books. 我不喜欢这些书。Take any book(s) you like.试比较: I dont like some of these books. 这些书中有些我不喜欢。(3)either, neither代替或修饰可数名词单数形式。在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。either指“（两个人或物中的）任何一个”，表肯定意义。neither则表示“（两个人或物中的）任何一个也不”，为否定意义。这两个词作主语时，谓语动词需用单数。如：Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen?（主语）There is tea or coffeeyou can have either.（宾语）He sat in the back of the car with a policeman on either side. （定语）他坐在车子后面，一边坐着一个警察。Both players have been warned, but neither of them takes it seriously. (主语）两个运动员都受到了警告，但是他们都不把它当回事。I like neither of them.（宾语）Neither parent cares what happens to the child.（定语）(4)many/muchmany代替或修饰可数名词复数，much则代替或修饰不可数名词。在句中用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。如: Many want to join us.(主语）We are many, and they are few.（表语）Much has been said on it. （主语）He didnt say much about it.（宾语）There was too much work for one person（定语）(5) little/a little, few/ a few little/a little代替或修饰不可数名词; few/a few代替或修饰可数名词。都可用作定语，主语，宾语，表语。little/few表示否定意义，意为“几乎没有”;a little/a few意为“有一点/有几个”，表示肯定意义，说明虽然不多但是有。如：A little is enough.（主语）We just need a little.（宾语）There is only a little milk. （定语）注意：only，just，quite与a few、a little为固定搭配。I have many interesting books, and here are just a few.There are only a few people.She has cooked quite a few dinners over the years. (相当多的）(6)a lot (of), lots (of)修饰或代替复数可数名词或不可数名词。作主语，宾语，表语。 如：A lot has been said on this.（主语）Ive learned a lot from him.（宾语）Thats a lot.（表语）注意：a lot/lots不可直接置于名词前，其后接名词时，必须用a lot of/lots of。如：A lot of work has been done.There were lots of people at the party.(7) one / other两者都可指代或修饰人或物，在句中作主语， 宾语，表语，定语 。 one代指单数可数名词，其复数形式为ones。如: One can do what one likes here.（主语）-Have you got a camera?-No.-Oh, you should buy one.（宾语） They are all old ones.（表语）other可指代或修饰单数或复数可数名词； the other用于指代单数名词，表示“（两者中的）另一个”。如: She has two sisters. One is a nurse and the other is a teacher.(主语）Some of them want to help him. The others want to stop him.（主语）There are other people there.（定语）She is ready to help others.（宾语）(8) none/no one(no body)none可代指可数名词（单复数皆可）和不可数名词,可指人也可指物，其与名词连用时需有of。在句中作主语，宾语，表语。如：None of us is/are ready.（主语）I like none of the books.（宾语） no one/no body只能代指人。其作主语时，谓语动词用单数。none表示在某群人中（某个范围内）没有做某事的人，常用来回答how many提问的句子；而no one/no body则表示“没有人”，用来回答who开头的问句及其它没有限定范围的一般问句。如: -How many students are there in the classroom?-None.-How many of you have ever been to America?-None.-Who can answer this question?-No one.-Did any one call me up just now?-No one.7. 疑问代词(1) 定义: 对某人或某物进行提问的代词，一般用在特殊疑问句的句首。常见疑问代词有:who, whom, whose, what, which(2) 用法详解 who 主格 作主语；whom 宾格 作宾语；whose 所有格，作主语、宾语、表语和定语；都用于指人。口语中who 常可以代替whom, 但当whom位于介词后时，不能用who 代替。如：Who wants to answer my question? Who(m) are they look