课外作业参考答案.ppt

课后作业参考答案,Exercise for Lesson 1: Chemical Inductry,1. complete the summary of the text (1) the Industrial Revolution (2) organic chemical (3) contact process (4) Haber process (5) synthetic polymers (6) intermediates,(7) artificial fertilizers (8) crop protection chemicals (9) technology (10) pharmaceutical (11) research and development (12) petrochemical (13) automatic controll equipment (14) capital rather-than-labor intensive,3. Put the following into Chinese carbonate（碳酸盐） polypropylene（聚丙烯） epoxy（环氧基） vinyl（乙烯基） acetate（醋酸盐） pharmaceutical（药物的） spectrum（光谱） formaldehyde（甲醛） silica（ 硅石） ammonium（铵离子） polyester（聚酯） the lions share（大份额）,4. Put the following into English 钠 Na (sodium) 钾 K (potassium) 磷 P (phosphur) 氨 (ammonia) 聚合物 (polymer) 聚乙烯 (polyethylene) 氯化物 (chloride) 粘度 (viscosity) 烃 (hydrocarbon) 催化剂 (catalyst) 炼油厂 (refinery) 添加剂 (additives),Supplementary Exercise 1: Nomenclature of Some Chemical Elements,1. 氢原子的英文名称是什么含义？ 答案：氢原子的英文名称hydrogen是由hydro（水）+ gen（产生）合成的单词，表示“水之来源”。 2. 氦的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？ 答案：氦原子的英文名称helium，首次被从太阳光谱分析中确认，使用希腊神话中太阳神“Helios”的名字命名。,3. 钠原子的英文名称是什么？钠的元素符号为什么不是英文名称的第一个字母？ 答案：钠原子的英文名称sodium来源于阿拉伯语suda，而钠的元素符号来源于它的拉丁文名称natron的第一个字母，所以有不同的表示。 4. 磷的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？ 答案：磷原子的英文名称phosphorus是由phos（光）+ phor（fer带来）的合成词，表示“带来光”之意。反映出有些磷化合物在黑暗中发光的事实。,5. 钾元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？说出钾原子的元素符号来源。 答案：钾的英文名称为potassium，而potash 是pot（锅）和ash（灰）的合成词，意为草木灰。钾的元素符号取自拉丁文名 kalium。 6. 钛元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？ 答案：钛元素的英文名称为titanium，是根据希腊神话故事中由天王（Uranus）和地母（Gaea）的巨人儿子泰坦Titan的名字命名。,7. 铬的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？ 答案：铬的英文名称是chromium，由于它在氧化状态下呈现紫、红、黄、绿等颜色。所以以希腊语中表示颜色的词“chroma”将其命名。 8. 为什么铁原子的英文名称和元素符号不一致？ 答案：英语iron是从拉丁语的矿石 aes 中得来，德语的eisen是由于铁的光泽和冰 eis 相似而得来。元素符号Fe来自拉丁语“坚硬”（firrus）。化学用语ferrous（Fe2+)及ferric（Fe3+）均由此派生。,9. 镓元素的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？ 答案：镓元素的英文名称为gallium，它是以法国的拉丁语名（Gallia）命名。 10. 硒的英文名称是什么？有什么含义？ 答案：硒的英文名称为selenium，它的命名源于希腊语中的月亮女神（Selene）。 11. 溴元素的英文名称是什么？它有什么含义？ 答案：溴元素的英文名称为bromine，起初是从盐湖水中分离出红黑色液体元素，取名 muride,（海水中的东西），却未被采用。后来以希腊语中表示“刺激臭”， “恶臭”之意的（bromos）为词源命名。 12. 惰性气体氪的英文名称是什么，它有什么含义？ 答案：氪的英文名称为krypton，得自液体空气慢慢蒸发的残留液中，分析表明除大部分是氩外，还“隐藏”了比氩分子质量更大的气体。用希腊语中“隐藏”（kryptos）命名。,Exercises for Lesson 2: Research and Development,1. Complete the summary of the text (1) R & D (2) ideas and knowledge (3) processes and products (4) fundamental (5) applied (6) product development,(7) an existing product (8) pilot-plant (9) profitability (10) environmental impact (11) pollution (12) technical support (13) process improvement (14) effluent treatment (15) pharmaceuticals,3. Put the following into Chinese: quantum（量子） strain（菌株） mould（霉菌） phenol（苯酚） sulphate （硫酸盐） carbide（碳化物） foul（发臭的） scrub（洗涤） semi-technical（半技术的） fermenter（发酵器） CFC = chloroflurocarbon（氯氟化碳 或 氯氟烃） refrigerant（制冷剂）,4. Put the following into English： 试剂 (reagent) 单体 (monomer) 丙酮 (acetone or propanone or dimethyl ketone) 脉动 (fluctuation or pulsation) 乙炔 (acetylene or ethyne) 硫 (sulphur or sulfur) 盐酸 (hydrochloric acid) 停车时间 (down time or shut down time),杂质 (impurity) 反应器 (reactor) （使）优化 (to optimize) 纯度 (purity),Supplementary Exercise 2: Nomenclature of Organic Compounds,1. Write out the molecular structures for the following organic compounds 1） 1-bromo-3-ethyl-5-methylcyclohexane (1-溴-3-乙基-5-甲基环己烷),2. Name the following organic compounds,Exercises for Lesson 3: Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers,1. Complete the notes below (1) mechanical (2) electrical (3) civil (4) scale up (5) commercial scale (6) reactors,(7) distillation columns (8) pumps (9) controll and instrumentation (10) mathematics (11) industry (12) academia (13) steam (14) cooling water,3. Put the following into Chinese reactant（反应物）distillation（蒸馏） compressor（压缩机） pilot-plant（中试工厂） specification（详述） flow sheet（流程图） nozzle（喷嘴） corrosion（腐蚀） sensor（传感器） atrophy（萎缩） on-line（在线） commission（服役）,4. Put the following into English 间歇的 (intermittent) 反应器 (reactor) 放大 (scale up or magnify) 热交换器 (heat exchanger) 创新 (innovation) 术语 (terminology) 阀 (valve) 流程图 (flow sheet or flow chart) 梯度 (gradient) 组成 (composition) 杂质 (impurity) 模拟 (simulation),Supplementary Exercise 3: English Words from Greek Roots,Choose the correct answers to fill blanks for the following sentences： 1. It is not too_D_ to make a selection from the box, since the contents are homogeneous. (A) costly (B) easy (C) soon (D) difficult (E) inexpensive,2. In an autocracy, all power is vested to the_E_. (A) noble man (B) people (C) wealthy (D) clergy (E) ruler 3. Automation has made the cloth-washing process_D_ . (A) unnecessary (B) burdensome (C) unorthodox (D) self-operating (E) democratic,4. A study of the rulers genealogy will acquaint you with his_B_ . (A) life (B) descent (C) beliefs (D) government (E) education 5. An autopsy should reveal the true cause of the patients_A_ . (A) decease (B) replace (C) complains (D) dissatisfaction (E) illness,6. We are forbidden to use_B_ , since our act is to be a pantomime. (A) costumes (B) words (C) frowns (D) gestures (D) smiles 7. A photometer measures_A_ . (A) light intensity (B) distance traveled (C) atmospheric pressure (D) speed (E) time,8. If the account is from an authentic source, you should not_C_ it (A) believe (B) settle (C) doubt (D) read (E) trust 9. It is entirely normal for a child of two to be under the care of a (an)_E_ . (A) orthodontist (B) demagogue (C) orthopedist (D) pedagogue (E) pediatrician,10. Among the nations participating in the_D_ conference were Burma and Pakistan. (A) Pan-African (B) Pan-American (C) Pan-Arabian (D) Pan-Asiatic (E) Pan-European 11. An error is considered _E_ if it appears in the printed text but not in the authors manuscript. (A) graphic (B) authentic (C) anonymous (D) unavoidable (E) typographical,12. A gastronome has a keen interest in _A_ . (A) good eating (B) crop rotation (C) the stars (D) soil management (E) maps 13. The famous showman P. T. Barnum is remembered for his _B_ “There is a sucker born every minute.” (A) cryptogram (B) epigram (C) anagram (D) monograph (E) acronym,14. One of the topics studied in _D_ is the rotation of crops. (A) automation (B) gastronomy (C) taxidermy (D) husbandry (E) cartography 15. “Buzz” and “hum” are not homonyms because they _D_ . (A) sound alike (B) are opposites (C) mean the same (D) sound different (E) are spelled differently,16. All the novels we have studied this year have had a man as the leading character. Its about time we had a female _D_ . (A) antagonist (B) prodigy (C) gourmet (D) protagonist (E) phenomenon 17. The following names all contain an epithet except _E_ . (A) One Punch Nelson (B) Ivan the Terrible,(C) Alexander the Great (D) Wrong Way Corrigan (E) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 18. Antibodies work against _B_ . (A) the body (B) toxins (C) the tissues (D) antitoxins (E) the blood 19. Plutocracy is government by _D_ . (A) the army (B) mobs (C) the majority (D) the affluent (E) bureaus,20. We associate asters with _C_ . (A) the sea (B) printed matter (C) gardens (D) outer space (E) the aristocracy,Exercises for Lesson 4: Sources of Chemicals,1. Cpmplete the summary of the text: (1) inorganic chemicals (2) derive from (3) petrochemical process (4) Metallic ores (5) extraction process,(6) non-renewable resources (7) renewable resources (8) energy sources (9) fermentation (10) selective (11) raw material (12) separation and purification (13) food industry viz = videlicet (read namely),3. Put the following into Chinese: covalent（共价的） isomerism（异构现象） froth flotation（泡沫浮选） borate（硼酸盐） fluorite（氟化物） amino（氨基） hydrolysis（水解） ester（酯） naphthene（环烷烃） naphtha（石脑油） enzymic （酶的） xylene（二甲苯）,4. Put the following into English: 氢氧化物 (hydroxide) 脂肪族的 (aliphatic) 芳香族的 (aromatic) 甲烷 (methane) 酯 (ester) 不饱和的 (unsaturated) 烯烃 (alkene) 烷烃 (alkane),Supplementary Exercise 4: English Vocabulary from Latin Prefixes and Roots (1),Choose the right answer to fill following blanks 1. Congressional elections are a _B_ affair; they are held every two years. (A) semiannual (B) biennial 2. You may vote “yes” or “no”, if you wish, you may _A_ . (A) abstain (B) adjoin,3. Many boys at one time or another want to become firemen, but few of them actually enter that _B_ . (A) avocation (B) vocation 4. The flight was delayed because of _A_ weather. (A) adverse (B) averse 5. The American Revolution (1775) _B_ the French Revolution (1789) by fourteen years. (A) postdated (B) antedated,6. An imminent event belongs to the _C_ . (A) recent past (B) present (C) near future (D) dim past (E) distant future 7. Bob is not exclusive, he _B_ . (A) tries hard (B) make friend easily (C) come on time (D) keep to himself (E) prepares his homework,8. Captain John Smith was spared when Pocahontas _A_ in his behalf. (A) intervened (B) contravened (C) intersected (D) implicated (E) intercepted 9. In an intraparty dispute, none of the participants are _E_ . (A) members (B) entirely right (C) stubborn (D) all wrong (E) outsiders,10. There was no intermission in the fighting except for one _D_ . (A) UN protest (B) minor skirmish (C) surprise attach (D) there-day truce (E) shipment of the Allies 11. The overeager student shouted out the answer, unable to inhibit his _C_ . (A) disappointment (B) apprehension (C) enthusiasm (D) anger (E) curiosity,12. The patient was in the hospital from November 23 to December 3, inclusive, a period of _E_ days. (A) twelve (B) nine (C) ten (D) thirteen (E) eleven 13. In next weeks debate, Sheila will argue on the contra, or _A_ , side of the question. (A) negative (B) extraneous (C) intrinsic (D) controversial (E) positive,14. Quarrelsome neighbors rarely _C_ one anothers views. (A) countermand (B) censure (C) advocate (D) invoke (E) contradict 15. A number of members asked me to intercede, but I refused to act as a (an) _D_ . (A) understudy (B) insurgent (C) adversary (D) go-between (E) adheret,Exercise for Lesson 5: Ammonia, Nitric Acid & Urea ( from the Text Book Unit 7),1. Completing the follow paragraph about the ammonia synthesis process: (1) kinetically inert (2) iron compound (3) exothermic (4) one-pass yield (5) efficiency,(6) lower pressures (7) higher temperatures (8) capital (9) energy (10) methane and water (11) carbondioxide (12) gas stream (13) shift reaction (14) methane (15) 3:1,3. Put the following into Chinese: soda ash （苏打灰 或 纯碱） refractory（耐火的） silicate（硅酸盐） chromatography（色谱） mercury（汞 或 水银） alkaline（碱性的） desulphurisation（脱硫） membrane（膜） anode（阳极） cathode（阴极） contaminate（污染） inert（惰性的）,4. Put the following into English: 电解 (electrolysis) 分解 (decomposition) 复分解 (metathesis) 还原 (reduction or restoration) 沉淀 (precipitation or sedimentation) 结晶 (crystallization) 过滤 (filtration) 吸收 (adsorption) 溶解度 (solubility) 溶度积 (solubility product) 放热的 (exothermic) 平衡 (equilibrium or balance),Supplementary Material 5: English Vocabulary from Latin Prefixes and Roots (2),Choose the correct answer which has similar meaning to the expression in italics from each of the following questions. _C_ 1. painful interlude (A) delay (B) dispute (C) interval (D) intermediary,_B_ 2. deeply implicated (A) sorry (B) involved (C) indebted (D) hurt _D_ 3. counter to expectation look forward (B) respond (C) appeal (D) contrary _A_ 4. exclusive owner (A) sole (B) wealthy (C) rightful (D) principal,_B_ 5. nearly excised (A) inserted (B) removed (C) inscribed (D) repaired _C_ 6. evoked protests disregarded (B) contradicted (C) elicited (D) banned _D_ 7. intrinsic character inclusive (B) extraneous (C) unusual (D) essential,_C_ 8. uninhibited response (A) untruthful (B) angry (C) unrestrained (D) thoughtful _B_ 9. impending downfall recent (B) imminent (C) noteworthy (D) disastrous _A_ 10. not impelled (A) forced (B) intercepted (C) explained (D) expelle,_C_ 11. immaculate record (A) imperfect (B) dispassionate (C) faultless (D) unbeatable _C_ 12. irrevocable mistake (A) minor (B) natural (C) unforgivable (D) past recall _B_ 13. easily distracted (A) upset (B) diverted (C) abused (D) averted,_C_ 14. incessant chatter (A) worthless (B) noisy (C) unceasing (D) illogical _D_ 15. benevolent despot (A) lavish (B) inhospitable (C) wise (D) kind _A_ 16. without deviating (A) straying (B) seceding (C) stopping (D) hurrying,_B_ 17. wide discrepancy (A) reduction (B) variation (C) increase (D) agreement _C_ 18. inflexible stand (A) immature (B) pliable (C) obstinate (D) defenseless _D_ 19. completely deranged (A) enervated (B) demolished (C) unnerved (D) demented,_C_ 20. never secure (A) in danger (B) separate (C) safe (D) obtained,Exercise for Lesson 6: Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering (from the Text Book Unit 13),Complete the summary of the text. Choose no more than three words from the passage for each answer. 1. complex 2. unit operations 3. identical 4. A. D. Little,5. fluid flow 6. membrane separation 7. crystallization 8. filtration 9. material balance 10. equilibrium stage model,3. Put the following into Chinese: lixiviation（浸提） filter aid（助滤剂） flammability（易燃性）isotope（同位素） sedimentation（沉积） settling（沉降） correlation（相关性） funnel（漏斗） baffle（挡板） agglomeration（附聚 或 凝聚） configuration（构造） tangentially（成切线） droplet（小滴） vortex（漩涡） drag（拽力） holdup（滞留量）,4. Put the following into English: 溶解 (dissolution) 溶液 (solution) 溶质 (solute) 溶剂 (solvent) 平衡级 (equilibrium stage) 不互溶的 (immiscible) 浸取 (leaching) 过滤 (filtration) 提纯 (purification) 板框压滤机 (plate and frame pressing filtering extruder),旋风分离器 (cyclone separator) 逆流 (counter current),Exercise for Supplementary Material (6) Prefixes from Anglo Sax A Brief Review of English Words from Greek Roots,1. Choose one word whose meaning is irrelevant to other three in each question. (1) -D- (A) careful (B) alert (C) wary (D) upstart (2) -B- (A) approaching (B) foreshadowing (C) forthcoming (D) upcoming (3) -A- (A) undeceived (B) beguiled (C) misled (D) misinformed,(4) -B- (A) biased (B) underprivileged (C) prejudiced (D) unfair (5) -B- (A) unmask (B) ungag (C) expose (D) unveil (6) -C- (A) abridged (B) incomplete (C) uncut (D) shortened,(7) -A- (A) released (B) shackled (C) restrained (D) confined (8) -C- (A) withdraw (B) unresponsive (C) underdeveloped (D) unsociable (9) -D- (A) destroy (B) eradicate (C) uproot (D) unscramble,(10) -C- (A) underscore (B) underline (C) understudy (D) emphasize (11) -C- (A) ancestor (B) forefather (C) descendant (D) forebear (12) -D- (A) outlived (B) survived (C) outlasted (D) outwitted,(13) -C- (A) principal (B) foremost (C) latest (D) chief (14) -B- (A) misgiving (B) blunder (C) foreboding (D) presentiment (15) -A- (A) overcast (B) overburden (C) overload (D) overtax,(16) -A- (A) luck (B) foresight (C) prudence (D) forethought (17) -C- (A) output (B) yield (C) surrender (D) product (18) -D- (A) misfortune (B) mishap (C) mischance (D) mistrust,(19) -A- (A) overbearing (B) beguiling (C) deluding (D) misleading (20) -D- (A) prediction (B) prophecy (C) forecast (D) fortune 2. Match the left column with the right one for the next page.,Exercise for Lesson 7: Chemical Industry and Environment ( from the Text Book Unit 21),1. Complete the summary of the text, by choosing No More Than Three Words from the paasage for each answer. (1). knowledge of chemical transformation (2). straptospheric ozone layer (3). acid rain (4). environmentally friendly products,(5). biodegradable (6). harmful by-products (7). efficiently (8). more than one pollutant (9). plastics (10). recycled or disposed (11). acid waste solutions (12