2014年6月SAT考试词汇填空备忘(孙燕).doc

上海新航道学校/6月SAT考试词汇填空备忘孙燕 郭瑜 郑淋鈺 六月SAT考试迫在眉睫，新航道SAT教研组的各位老师在考前给大家支招，希望能对广大考生有所帮助。上海新航道SAT词汇填空孙燕老师提醒同学们：一、注意重复率较高的词汇，建议梳理2012、2013年词汇，尤其是被选为正确答案的词应当认真背记，其相关的同义词也最好能掌握。二、注意熟词僻意。比如flag一词，在SAT里，被考到过其“疲乏，变弱，热情衰减”等相关意思。三、注意逻辑陷阱。比如2013年5月亚洲卷Section 5的第8题。分析：此题乍看以为应该选E，revival与题干中的renewed貌似完美对应。其实E并非正确答案，因为题干中第二行有“new”这个词修饰好莱坞电影，新的好莱坞电影是不能与revival（复兴/再流行）搭配的。考虑到以上分析，再比较其它选项，方知正确答案为A（spate有大量/泛滥等意思）。这道题目难度为5级难度，属于最高难度级别。其实难点并不在词语本身，而是逻辑。上海新航道SAT词汇填空郭瑜老师提出：一、复习材料当以真题优先（亚洲卷、北美卷最好都能复习到，如果没有时间，优先亚洲卷）；如果时间紧张，不一定要做整套题目，但最好把题目涉及的单词背出来。二、大部分单词可以直接背诵中文意思，但当多义词对理解句子有障碍时，要参看并记其英文释义。上海新航道SAT词汇填空郑淋钰老师提醒： 一、学生做题时重点往往放在了单词上，但忽略了题干中的关键信息词。学生误区：认为选项都认识，题目一定做得对。解决办法为：找题干的逻辑和关键词。比如，考“同义重复”的逻辑，经常会涉及到因果并列递进关系解释说明等关键词；考“反义重复”时，经常涉及到转折对比等。二、学生还有一个误区，就是试图背大量单词，而不加以选择。这种做法不科学，费时费力，还不一定有好的成果。解决办法：选择适合自己的材料。基础中等或偏低的学生，建议按词汇出现频率背诵，可以参看SAT真词汇（中国对外翻译出版公司出版）；程度较好的学生，在背过真题词汇后，可以补充更高阶的词汇，如巴朗等。三、很多同学在背SAT单词的过程中都会有混淆形近词的困扰。例如bold和bald, 前者是“大胆的，无畏的”意思，却总被同学们误以为是“秃头的”意思。在此，我选择了15组在SAT中出现频率较高而同学们又较容易混淆的形近词进行区分。同时也建议同学们以后如果碰到形近词，可以学着用词根词缀，单词联想、理解英文释义等方式将它们分辨清楚。1. averse vs. adverseaverse : not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物; 反对某事物e.g. He seems to be averse to hard workadverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敌对的，反对的，不利的e.g. His health was adversely affected by the climate.2. adversity vs. adversaryadversity: trouble; unfortunate event 不幸，灾祸e.g. Mary faces adversity with courageadversary: opponent; enemy 对手，敌人e.g. He defeated his old adversary in the election.第1、2组词是经常被同学们混淆的四个单词，在这里两两组合进行对比，希望对同学们会有帮助。3. antipathy vs. apathyantipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感; 厌恶; 憎恶e.g. He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners.apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏兴趣；漠不关心e.g. My parents do not feel apathy about the election.这一组词大家可以用词根词缀发来区别, path-作为词根是“情感”的意思，anti-作为前缀是“相反，对抗”，而 a- 是“不、无、非”的意思，相关单词有 sympathy, empathy等 4. derivederivative vs. deridederisivederive: originate from sth; get sth from sth 源自，源于；得到获取e.g. Thousands of English words derive from Latin.deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑，嘲弄e.g. They derided his effort as childish.derisive 这个单词出现在阅读中经常被同学当做是derive 的形容词性理解，其实是deride的形容词，意思为“嘲笑的，嘲弄的”，例如derisive laughter.5.exhausted vs. exhaustiveexhausted: very tired 精疲力尽的e.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is exhaustedexhaustive: very thorough; complete 详尽的；彻底的e.g. Police make an exhaustive research.6. imprudent vs. impudentimprudent: not wise or discreet不智的; 不谨慎的;轻率的e.g. It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another.impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗鲁的; 放肆的; 无礼的; 不尊重的e.g. Tom is an impudent child who never listens to his parents.在记这组词之前，同学们最好先记住prudent这个单词，它本身就是“谨慎的，审慎的”意思，在其加上im- 这个表否定含义的前缀，意思就很容易得出了。7. callow vs. callouscallow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又无经验的; 乳臭未乾的callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的; 无同情心的8. congenial vs. congenitalcongenial: (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests, etc ;agreeable（指人）（因性情 志趣等相近）彼此合得来的, 意气相投的;适合自己性格的 e.g. I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial.congenital: (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth （指疾病等）天生的, 先天的 e.g. We should not deride people who have congenital defects.9. intelligent vs. intelligibleintelligent: smart, educated 聪明的，智能的，智力的intelligible：that can be (easily) understood 可（易）理解的e.g. Thats totally a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible.10. impassive vs. impassionedimpassive: showing no sign of feeling 无表情的，无动于衷的e.g. The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison.impassioned: showing strong deep feeling 充满激情的; 热烈的e.g. He made an impassioned plea for mercy.同第3组词相似的地方是这一组词里面含有pass-表“情感”含义的词根，im-表“不、无、非”，所以impassive就是“无表情的，无动于衷的”意思。而后者中含有的“passion”其本身就是“激情，热情”的意思。11. adapt vs. adeptadapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物适合於新的用途 情况等; 修改某事物e.g. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.adept: expert or skilful in (doing) sth 对（做）某事物内行的, 熟练的e.g. Shes adept at growing roses.这一组词中adapt也经常容易与adopt混淆，adopt意思为“采纳，收养”。12. indigent vs. indigenousindigent : poor 贫穷indigenous: native 土生土长的，当地的e.g. Kangaroos are indigenousto Australia.13. presumptive vs. presumptuouspresumptive: based on reasonable belief; probable基於合理之推测的; 可能的 e.g. It is absurd that he was sentenced to death based on presumptive evidence.presumptuous: too bold or self-confident 胆大妄为的，专横的e.g. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?14. ingenious vs. ingenuousingenious: (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems; original in design（指人）善於用新 的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的;设计独特精巧的e.g. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: thats very ingenious!ingenuous: open, innocent 坦率的，不隐瞒的，天真的e.g. That kid gives me an ingenuous smile.这一组词，同学们可以利用另外两个单词帮助记忆，genius 和genuine,前者意思为“天才”后者意思为“真的，真诚的，非人造的”。ingenious 从发音和词形上与genius相近，而ingenuous 和genuine 相近。15. discreet vs. discretediscrete: separate; distinct 分离的; 截然分开的e.g. Those are a series of