四六级听力长短对话以及听写的技巧及能力的提高.docx

短对话考点1. 否定2. 转折3. 建议4. 词组及多义词5. 虚拟语气与场景词汇否定No, none, nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere, neither, never, hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few, without, far from, short of, out of too, instead of, rather than, avoid, dislike, hate, deny, fail, refuse, ignore, overlook, miss 否定I Could hardly stay awake I guess I havent spent much time exercising lately I guess its something I havent acquired a taste for yetIve never felt better in my lifeIt never occurs to me that you are an athlete I had no idea you were a marvelous writer I would take a plane instead of a train Blue isnt my favorite color and pink is too fancy for meIt could hardly be more disgusting You cant deny the fact that he is really smartI am short of money. 建议Why dont youHe really shouldWhatever you do be careful not to Maybe you should Maybe you just need toI think if we , we wont It might be time to I think you really need to 转折But 高频多义词BeatHe beat me. The problem beats me This game beats every game I watched 2012年6月大学英语四级真题详解2012年6月真题详.2012年6月真题详.drop: He dropped the wine glass Please drop me a few lines He dropped out of school when he was young I wonder if you can drop by tomorrow Im going home, but I can drop you at the supermarket Its too difficult, I have to drop it this timefine Its a fine day! Do I have to pay a fine? load Loads of people are looking for you Load it up onto the truck We have a rather heavy work load Ride Ride a bike. Will you give me a ride? Part I like this part of the novel. There are some spare car parts in the garage. I hope we part as friends. Model She used to be model. The latest model of car costs a lot Taste It tastes awful! He really has a bad taste for clothing. Mark The map is marked with a red pencil. Coffee doesnt leave lasting marks on clothing. Block He lives only 2 blocks away. The road was blocked by a huge rock. Bill I will pay the bill this time We all passed the bill on yesterdays board meetingHere is a ten-dollar bill Copy Id like to buy a copy of his bookCould you copy this article for me? Count She is counting the days Well have to count on good weatherCover The hard cover is on sale I think weve covered everythingShe was so scared that she covered her eyes Release He was released from prison last month The new film will be released next month Hit This movie is such a great hit. I have to hit the books/hit the shower Dont hit on herBother Sorry to bother you Dont bother with itSpot He is wearing a spotted tie He has spotted a parking lot Fund Our company is in want of fund The pension fund owns shares in big companies Youve got fund him长对话所听即所得原则1. 以每个题为单位比较所听录音和四个选项，找到相似或基本一致的选项并排除有明显出入的选项2. 出答案的顺序基本上和录音的顺序一致3. 注意表示原因的词汇：如because, the reason is that, thats the reason why, since, as等4. 问题可以不听，利用问题时间看下一题选项词组及多义词Figure out 想出，pass away 去世make sense有道理、说得通absent-minded心不在焉put it off取消get access to能连上 能获取pick up接、养成习惯、继续做某事tidy up清理put together组装face up to大胆面向、用于正视out of shape/paper/touch身材走样、缺纸、缺乏联系pay off回报、还清run into碰巧遇见turn out结果是、原来是all ears洗耳恭听worn out筋疲力尽all tied up忙碌doze off打瞌睡give sb a hand帮某人cut down on减少put up with忍受come up with想出end up with什么方式结束get along with相处的好be bound to一定会keep an eye on关注短文听力1. 对词汇要求进一步提高2. 比对所听录音和所看选项的能力依然重要3. 如果看到某一个选项和录音完全一致或没有矛盾，且其它几个选项与录音有出入或未提及，则与做长对话一样，大胆选择4. 有可能会出现两个以上的选项与录音没有任何矛盾，需要运用定位的方法或者听问题来确认答案5. 通过听前预测了解大意，做一次筛选听前预测一、通读选项预测整篇短文大意二、与其它三个选项相差太远的一般不是选项三、绝对原则常识判断四、对仗选项中可能有一个是答案（词汇的重复和词义的对仗）答案定位能力以下四项一定要听的到并且争取能够听懂一、最高级定位（出现first, earliest, most, the most important reason, the chief, the simplest, many of, only, especially附近的可能是答案，当这些词附近出现数字或者时间，答案一般会出现）二、转折原因定位：如果故事突然转折而且给出原因，转折及原因往往由以下词汇引出：but, because, however, instead, on the contrary, unfortunately, surprisingly, unexpectedly, ironically, yet, other, on the other hand, although, nevertheless, otherwise, since, as, for, the reason is ,as a result, if, 自问自答三、数字时间定位：传记型文章，如果一句话中出现两个以上的数字时间，该句一般含有答案四、首末句复合听写1.共读三遍。第一遍全文朗读，没有停顿；第二遍单词空格后略有停顿，句子空格后有约1分钟停顿；第三遍同第一遍一样。2. 考查单词8个（0.5%/个），句子3个（2%每句）。3. 考查语音、词汇量、单词拼写、语法、短期记忆和笔记1. 对名词的考查2. 对动词的考查3. 对形容词的考查4. 对固定搭配的考查5.对拼写较复杂的单词的考查6. 对易混、音近或形近单词的考查1预判下列词性2同音词Heal-heelband-banned hour-our Peace-piece brake-break insure-ensure Bread-bred ceiling-sealing rose-rows Cent-sent sail-sale steal-steel Dying-dyeing site-sight fare-fair Threw-through way-weigh flower-flour Wait-weight wood-would hair-hare Sweet-suite 3近音词Avoid-award pass-path Loose-lose Presence-presents bald-bored Council-cancel-cancer cut-cart Foam-form sleep-steep sweet-sweat Sympathetic-systematic hut-heart Idea-ideal, formal-former 4容易拼错的单词Labor, murder, scene, science, image, album, submit, natural, ruin, palm, island, variety, species, believe, receive, reserve, reverse efficient, compete, convenient, completely, concentrated, colleagues, unfortunately, unexpected, semester, evidence, ingredient, independent, individual, appreciate, associate, architecture, Wednesday, February, typical, mysterious, curious, psychology, philosophy, phenomenon, preserve, predicted, preventative 复合听写句子部分方法1. 快速写单词，用简写或者写首字母的方法记下原话方法2. 听懂句子记下关键词和逻辑结构，用自己的话复述答案，写出的不一定是原话。简单的笔记符号bt b/ tho + eg. Sb Sthesp 其它符号：People, university, happy/unhappy, complain, argue做题步骤1. 看题预测词义和缩小答案范围（听前）2. 录音第一遍：尽量完成单词的填空。句子记下关键词和逻辑关系，搭好框架3. 录音第二遍：完成缺漏的单词并检查，根据框架基本完成句子4. 录音第三遍：再次检查单词，完成句子补缺检查要点1. 名词单复数问题：空格前是a, an 空格前是few, a few, many, a number of, a great many 空格前是little, a litter, much, a great deal of 2. 动词主谓一致，时态尤其是过去时和完成时3. 句子的语法，首字母大写，专有名词的大写馬上就要邁步進入我們新一輪四六級的戰場了，同學們一定對聽力心有戚戚焉。每當聽到那熟悉的音樂聲響起時，心臟都似乎停止了跳動。文都編輯在這裡告訴大家，千萬別緊張，別焦慮，掌握聽力的原則及技巧，聽不懂也同樣能拿高分！一、短對話聽力的一些原則在聽短對話時，通常是一男一女兩個人，一個提出問題，另一個作答，提出的問題就是這道題的主旨。這是要重點聽的，所以我們要仔細關注第一個人所說的內容。做短對話需要掌握如下原則：1 推理原則：一般需對對話進行推理，故直接在對話中聽到的一般不是正確答案。2 挫折原則：通常要辦的事情都是不順利的（如買東西買不到，訂房間客滿等）。3 男女原則：一般男生比較衰，女生比較牛。男生提出的觀點女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的觀點男生都是同意和贊賞的。男生的特征：臟、亂、差、浪費、窮、小氣、不良習慣、遲鈍、不顧家。女生的特征：愛干淨、節約、富有、好學、能干、聰明、大度、耐心、戀家、除數理化外成績都很好。4 父母的作用隻有一個就是教育子女好好學習。5 除了父母教育子女外，家裡（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）發生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地點推測題類似at home / at Marys home之類的選項一般都是不對的。6 四級聽力短對話隻考日常生活學習中遇得到事情，問題，故如果選項中出現一些日常生活中不太可能發生或很少發生的事情一般不會是正確選項。短對話十大場景及一般思路1 借車：車一般是借不到的2 吃：匹薩，海鮮吃了一般會有不適反應，“派”一般比較好吃3 考試：作業、論文一般比較難，或須要熬夜教授一般比較嚴厲選修課較難較多4 坐車（飛機、輪船）：一般都需要等5 事故（災難）：光明原則，一般不會死人6 聽講座：題目一般是比較有趣豐富的，內容一般是比較復雜難懂的7 論文：一般需要修改（polish）或重寫（rewrite）8 休閑：男生一般喜歡待在家裡看TV或者看movie，女生一般喜歡高雅藝術9 醫院：需要預約make an appointment10. 買票：基本上是買不到的二、語段題10大解題原則聽到長對話時，我們要做到邊聽邊選，抓住首位句，適當排除，考六級的同學還要學會同義替換，文都編輯在這裡給大家總結了如下原則：1聽即原則：所聽即所得，聽到什麼就選什麼（正好與短對話相反，短對話時聽到的一般不選）。2重讀原則：某單詞被反復讀到或是在語音上加以重讀，因引起重視如果選項中出現很可能是正確答案。3順序原則：出題順序一般與行文順序相同，除了主題題和部分說明文。4主題原則：主題一般出現在段落的頭尾部分，所以要集中精力聽清前三句話和最后兩句話。5原因原則：凡出現表示原因，目的的很有可能是考點如：because、so、as 等詞前后要著重聽。6轉則原則：凡出現表示轉則的詞如：but however yet 等，后面的句子往往是考點，要引起重視。7光明原則：事情一般都是向著好的方面發展的，主人公多數是大難不死的，事情總是逢凶化吉，絕處逢生的。8男女原則：同短對話。9窮學生原則：學生一般都是比較窮的，不能繼續學業一般都是因為經濟原因，因為窮一般還比較喜歡DIY一些東西。10偏怪小原則：一般故事總是稀奇古怪的，經過總是曲折離奇的，結局總是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中。三、長對話十大類標志詞據研究有90%以上的考點都是由標志詞引導活提示的，因此在語段聽力中聽到下列標志詞時要引起高度的重視，集中注意力聽清標志詞前后的句子。1最高級標志詞形容詞、副詞最高級、most / chief / primary / main / leading / 2唯一級標志詞only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / 3因果項標志詞cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的問句/ 4轉則項關鍵詞despite / in spite of / instead / while / from to / although （yet） / not only but also / 5序數項標志詞所有的序數詞（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / 6時間項標志詞when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / 7解釋項標志詞or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / 8目的項標志詞to / for / 9總結項標志詞all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / 10強調項標志詞副詞：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / 動詞：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / 掌握適當的原則及技巧，我們就能確保自己在緊張的聽力考場上做到萬無一失了。文都編輯希望大家能夠在考場上以輕鬆的心態，帶上我們獨門的葵花寶典奪取聽力高分！1.听即原则：所听即所得，听到什么就选什么(正好与短对话相反，短对话时听到的一般不选)2.重读原则：某单词被反复读到或是在语音上加以重读，因引起重视如果选项中出现很可能是正确答案3.顺序原则：出题顺序一般与行文顺序相同除了主题题和部分说明文4.主题原则：主题一般出现在段落的头尾部分，所以要集中精力听清前三句话和最后两句话5.原因原则：凡出现表示原因，目的的很有可能是考点如：because so as 等词前后要着重听6.转则原则：凡出现表示转则的词如：but however yet 等，后面的句子往往是考点，要引起重视7.光明原则：事情一般都是向着好的方面发展的，主人公多数是大难不死的，事情总是逢凶化吉，绝处逢生的8.男女原则：同短对话9.穷学生原则：学生一般都是比较穷的，不能继续学业一般都是因为经济原因，因为穷一般还比较喜欢DIY一些东西10.偏怪小原则：一般故事总是稀奇古怪的，经过总是曲折离奇的，结局总是出人意料的。宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中六级听力题目构成与比例小对话：8%选择题共8段小对话，8道题长对话：7%选择题共2段长对话，7道题短文听力： 10%选择题共3篇文章，10道题复合式听写：10% 听写填空填8个单词和三句话，放音三遍听力位于考试的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。六级听力选择题目答题方法点拨一，基本解题思路小对话：视听反向原则、同义替换原则。视听反向原则是指，在小对话的题目中，看似明显被读到的选项反而更容易是错的。但须注意，当小对话原文本身较长或生僻词较多时，该原则可能会出现特例，如03年6月第8题。同义替换是指，若某一选项中的单词或短语是听力原文中单词或短语的同义形式，则该选项容易为正确。例题：2002年6月六级考试第4题A. The woman doesnt think it aproblemtoget her passport renewed.B. The woman has difficultyrenewing her passport.C. The woman hasntrenewed her passportyet.D. The womans passport is still valid.原文：M: Have you run up against anyproblemsingetting the passport renewed?W: I havent started applying yet.Q: What do we know from the conversation?解析：可以明显看出，本题的答案为D.其中，另外三项的大部分单词或短语都被读到。”valid”意为“（在一段时间内）有效的”。例题：2007年6月六级考试第15题A. More money.B. Fair treatment.C. Acollegeeducation. D. Shorterwork hours.原文：W: I hear your boss has a real good impression of you and he is thinking about giving you two more days off each month.M: I hope not. Id rather get morework hoursso I can get enoughbucksto help out my two kids atcollege.Q: What does the man truly want?解析：准确答案A。More money 替换enough bucks，同义替换，听到的慎选。例题：2008年12月六级考试第16题A. Fixing some furniture.B. Repairingthe toy train.C. Reading the instructions. D.Assembling the bookcase.原文：M: The instructions on the package say that you need to do some assembly yourself. Ive spent all afternoon trying in vain toput this bookcase together.W: I know what you mean. Last time I tried to assemblea toy trainfor my son and I almost gave up.Q: What does the man find difficult?解析：准确答案D。assemble 和put.together同义替换，听到部分的慎选。长对话和短文听力：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。同义替换原则，同小对话。特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词（如序数词1st，极端词most、most important、only，逻辑连接词because、since、but、however，以及自问自答的回答部分）后面很可能出现正确答案信息。例题：2009年6月六级考试第1道长对话：Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. Current trends in economic development.B. Domestic issues of general social concern.C. Stories about Britains relations with other nations.D. Conflicts and compromises among political parties.20. A. Based on the poll of public opinions.B. By interviewing people who file complaints.C. By analyzing the domestic and international situation.D. Based on public expectations and editors judgment.21. A. Underlying rules of editing.B. Practical experience.C. Audiences feedback.D. Professional qualifications.答案：BDB原文：Long conversation oneW: Youre the editor of Public Eye. What kind of topics does your program cover?M: Well, there are essentiallydomestic stories. We dont cover international stories. We dont cover party politics or economics. We doissues of general social concern（19题答案，视听基本一致原则）to our British audience. They can be anything from the future of the health service to the way the environment is going downhill.W:How do you choose the topic?（听到choose the topic，同时看到20题选项by和based on，即可猜到20题是与这个问题关联的）Do you choose one because its what the public wants to know about or because its what you feel the public ought to know about?M:I think its a mixture of both.（第20题答案，需要简单概括归纳）Sometimes you have a strong feeling that something is important and you want to see it examined and you want to contribute to a public debate. Sometimes people come to you with things they are worried about and they can be quite small things. They can be a story about corruption in local government, something they cannot quite understand, why it doesnt seem to be working out properly, like they are not having their litter collected properly or the dustbins emptied.W: How do you know that youve got a really successful program? One that is just right for the time?M: I think you geta sense about it after working in it in a number of years（21题答案，同义替换practical experience）. You know which stories are going to get the attention. They are going to be published just the point when the public are concerned about that.Q19-2119. What kind of topics does Public Eye cover?20. How does Public Eye choose its topics?21. What factor plays an important role in running a successful program?例题：2009年6月六级考试第3篇短文听力第34题34. A. There was a bomb scare.B. There was a terrorist attack.C. A fire alarm was set off by mistake.D. 50 pounds of explosives were found.答案：A原文：Therewas another bomb scare in a large London store last night（34题答案，视听基本一致原则）during late night shopping. Following a telephone call to the police from an anonymous caller, hundreds of shoppers were shepherded out of the store while roads in the area were sealed off. Police dogs spent hours searching the store for a bag which the caller claimed contained 50 pounds of explosives. Nothing was found and the store was given the all-clear by opening time this morning. A police spokesman said that this was the third bomb scare within a week and that we should all be on our guard.Q34: Why did people have to leave the London store last night?例题：2002年12月六级考试第1篇短文听力：Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11.A. To find ways to treat human wastes.B. To study the problems of local industries.C. To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.D. To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.12.A. Serious pollution upstream.B. Lack of oxygen.C. Overgrowth of water plants.D. Low water level.13.A. Theyll be closed down.B. Theyll be moved to other places.C. Theyre going to dismiss some of their employees.D. They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.14.A. Because the local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.B. Because the local Chamber of Commerce tried preserve fishes.C. Because there were fewer fish in the river.D. Because over-fishing was prohibited.答案：CBDC原文：There are some serious problems in the Biramichi River. The local chamber of commerce, which represents the industry in the area, hired me as a consultant todo a one year study on fishing in the Biramichi River（第11题答案，视听基本一致原则）and write a report for them. This is my report:One of the major problems in the Biramichi River is that the level of oxygen in the water is too low.（第12题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意major的定位作用）Several chemicals have displaced the oxygen. This chemical pollution has two sources: the factories which dump polluted water directly into the river and the local community which dumps untreated human wastes into the river. The local town government has already spent 2 million dollars on waste water treatment projects, but it will cost another 27 million to complete the projects. It will take at least 15 years for the town to collect enough revenue from taxes to complete these projects. The factories here employ 17,000 people in an area where there is very little alternative employment. It is not economically practical to close or relocate the factories.Also the factories cannot afford to finance chemical treatment plants by themselves.（第13题答案，视听基本一致原则）Another problem is that the members of the Biramichi fishing cooperative are overfishing. Fishes are caught when they are on the way upstream to lay eggs. Consequently, not enough fish are left to reproduce in large number. The members of cooperative say that they had already reduced their annual catch by 50 percent. However, my studies indicate that they took fewer fishbecause there were fewer fish to catch（第14题答案，视听基本一致原则，注意because的定位作用）, not because they were trying to preserve fishes.11.What was the speaker assigned to do in the past year?12.What is one of the problems in the Biramichi River?13.What does the passage tell us about the factories along the river?14.Why was the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River reduced according to the speaker?二，审题及利用选项推知答案1.审题的作用：小对话看选项，判断题目类型，推知解题方法。长对话及短文看选项，推断问题，方便运用视听基本一致原则且帮助定位。预测长对话或短文的主题。2 如何在完全听不懂的情况下通过选项推知答案：一般的，当两个选项意思相近或谈论的话题相同时，其中一个可能是正确答案；当两个选项通过同义转换使得实际观点相同时，两个选项均不是答案；当两个选项话题相同且意思相反时，其中一个可能是正确答案。例题：2009年6月六级考试第14题14. .A. She can help the man take care of the plants.B. Most plants grow better in direct sunlight.C. The plants need to be watered frequently.D. The plants should be placed in a shady spot.答案：D原文：14. M: The plants next to the window always look brown. You wouldnt know by looking at them that I water them every week.W: Maybe they dont like direct sunlight. I had the same problem with some of my plants. And a little shade helps them immensely.Q: What does the woman imply?解析：只看选项，CD选项相近且主语都是The plants，话题相同；BD选项话题相同且意思相反，所以选D 。三，部分统计类规律小对话：六级小对话听力场景里的故事情节总趋于不完美性比如，订票一般订不到，课程一般比较难，作业一般不好做，等等。当然，这只是一条统计规律，具体问题具体分析。另外的，一般情况下，小对话的第二句出现出题点的可能性大于第一句，也就是一般来讲第二句比第一句重要，但也会有第一句出现出题点的可能。长对话及短文听力：一般是顺序出题原则，但当有问及全文主题等类题目出现时，有可能不按顺序