托福综合写作备考技巧和方法.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福综合写作备考技巧和方法 摘要： 本文和大家分享的是托福综合写作备考技巧和方法，希望能够为正在备考托福的同学带来帮助，提高托福写作方面的能力和技巧。 托福 综合写作备考。 托福写作 包括两部分：托福综合写作和托福独立写作。托福独立写作和我们从高中到大学写过的英语作文差不多，主要是根据题目要求，提出论点，然后再从差不多三个分论点进行论证。 但是托福综合写作和以往的作文不同，它包括阅读和听力部分。阅读文章，一般是陈述一个观点，然后列举出支持的几个分论点进行论述。而听力部分是和阅读部分针对相同的额话题，表达的是和阅读部分相反的论点。所以，托福写作要想得到高分，就要重视听力部分，支持论点的论据分别是什么。 托福综合写作可以用下面步骤进行： 1.通读一遍托福综合写作阅读部分写出文章的论点+支持论点的3个(一般是三个)分论点; 2.边听音频，边记笔记(大家要掌握属于自己的听力笔记符号)记录听力中表达的三个相反的分论点(细节); 3.写作时，要结合作者在阅读和听力中表达的观点，采取综合作者所有观点的方式，进行论述。 总之，综合写作考察的不是你的作文表达能力，也不是遣词造句，而是分析文章观点，听力细节记录以及如何连贯的将作者的观点理清的能力。运用上面的方法，既可以避免漏掉信息，又可以为最后的综合写作提供论点。 下面，举例TPO1中的托福综合写作。 阅读部分： In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option. The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which would increase company profits. For the country as a whole, one of the primary benefits of offering this option to employees is that it would reduce unemployment rates. If many full-time employees started working fewer hours, some of their workload would have to be shifted to others. Thus, for every four employees who went on an 80 percent week, a new employee could be hired at the 80 percent rate. Finally, the option of a four-day workweek would be better for individual employees. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities. 难词解析： mandatory adj. 强制的;托管的;命令的 payroll n. 工资单 error-prone adj. 易于出错的 长难句： 1. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option. 句子主干：(主语)A policy +would benefit(谓语)+the economy, the companies and the employees(宾语). Requiring做伴随状语修饰policy;as well as表示“而且”,连接后面的两个并列宾语。 2. The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Because引导原因状语从句，解释前面内容。As a result做插入语，解释说明的作用。 3. Employees who could afford a lower salary in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives by spending the extra time with their families, pursuing private interests, or enjoying leisure activities. 句子的主干是：(主语)Employees could improve(谓语) the quality of their lives(宾语)。 Who引导定语从句，修饰前面的employees。 论点： 一周工作4天，拿80%的工作，这样比较好(four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option)。 分论点1： 公司方面：能够增加公司收益(文章第二段开头：The shortened workweek would increase company profits) 分论点2： 国家方面：减少失业率(文章第三段：reduce unemployment rates) 分论点3： 员工方面：提高员工的生活品质(文章第四段in exchange for more free time could improve the quality of their lives) 听力部分： Professor Offering employees the option of a four-day workweek wont affect the company profits, economic conditions or the lives of employees in the ways the reading suggests. First, offering a four-day workweek will probably force companies to spend more, possibly a lot more. Adding new workers means putting much more money into providing training and medical benefits. Remember the costs of things like health benefits can be the same whether an employee works four days or five. And having more employees also requires more office space and more computers. These additional costs would quickly cut into company profits. Second, with respect to overall employment, it doesnt follow that once some employees choose a four-day workweek, many more jobs will become available. Hiring new workers is costly, as I argued a moment ago. And companies have other options. They might just choose to ask their employees to work overtime to make up the difference. Worse, companies might raise expectations. They might start to expect that their four-day employees can do the same amount of work they used to do in five days. If this happens, then no additional jobs will be created and current jobs will become more unpleasant. Finally, while a four-day workweek offers employees more free time to invest in their personal lives, it also presents some risks that could end up reducing their quality of life. Working a shorter week can decrease employees job stability and harm their chances for advancing their careers. Four-day employees are likely to be the first to lose their jobs during an economic downturn. They may also be passed over for promotions because companies might prefer to have five-day employees in management positions to ensure continuous coverage and consistent supervision for the entire workweek 难词解析： medical benefits 医疗福利 cut into v. 打断;侵犯 economic downturn 经济低迷;经济不景气;经济滑坡 continuous adj. 连续的，持续的 论点： 一周工作4天，拿80%的工作，这样不好(文章开头：four-day workweek wont affect the company profits, economic conditions or the lives of employees) 分论点1： 公司方面：不会增加公司收益，反而会增加公司开销，因为减少工作时间，就要增加员工人数，增加培训和医疗开销，以及更多的工作环境和工作设备。(文章第二段开头：force companies to spend more, possibly a lot more) 分论点2： 不会减少失业率，还有可能会增加现有职员的工作压力，减少的工作天数，公司很可能让员工通过加班完成，或者提高自己的工作效率。(文章第三段：no additional jobs will be created and current jobs will become more unpleasant) 分论点3： 不会提高员工的生活品质，有可能会使员工面临工作危机，影响升职。(文章第四段it also presents some risks that could end up reducing their quality of life) 范文： The lecturer claims that the new policy, which allows people to work four days a week instead of five, will have negative effects for companies as well as society. This claim is not in agreement with that of the reading passage, which suggests that such a policy will be beneficial. According to the lecture, a company that allows employees to have fewer working hours is likely to hire more people to ensure that it meets normal levels of productivity. If this occurs, expenses for training and medical insurance will inevitably rise. The reading passage, by contrast, suggests that employees who enjoy more leisure time make fewer mistakes and work more efficiently, leading to increased profits for the enterprise. The second point of difference between the lecture and the reading passage concerns the impact of the policy on the unemployment rate. The lectu