研究生英语翻译Unit1-5.doc

Unit One1.Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。2.We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have these same traits, well place a bet on them. Its just a bit riskier.“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。3.The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out. “企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。4.Haut heads strategy and business development for a division of 3M with more than $2.4 billion in annual revenues. 他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。5.Business happens 24/7/365 which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well, says Haut. One way that companies win is by getting there faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where there is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达目的地。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定目的地是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。”6.He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论7.Business success is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and risk- personal, organizational, and financial. This creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful, studied research.8.In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business.“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。9.Failure is important because it shows that you were not afraid to take chances.失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。10.The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。11.It would be a mistake, however, to assume that strong people skills are required only for business people like Leach. Indeed, the key players Ive met who work at the bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because theyve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization.然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。Unit Two1.Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world. 中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。2.It is widely acknowledged that from the Ming (1368-1644) dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of Chinese based op regional cooking.众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系3.Sichuan, known as Natures Storehouse, is also a storehouse of cuisine. 4.What is really special about Sichuan cuisine is the use of Chinese prickly ash seeds, the taste of which leaves a feeling of numbness on ones tongue and mouth. 被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。川菜的特别之处在于花椒的使用。尝过花椒之后，人们的舌头和嘴巴会留下酥麻的感觉。5.Guangdong Province is located in southern China, with a moderate climate and abundant produce all year round.6.Guangdong cuisine is famous for its seafood as well as for its originality and refined cooking processes. Various soups in this cuisine are loved by people all over the country.广东省在中国南部，全年气候温和，物产丰富。广东菜以其好生猛海鲜、追求新奇、细致考究的烹饪方法而著称。7. Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lowerYangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as in other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。8.A good name can make the dish more interesting; however, some names are so eccentric that they may confuse people, both Chinese and foreigners. If you only translate the names literally with no explanation, you could make a fool of yourself.一个好名字能使这道菜更有意思；但有些菜名太怪异了，听起来让人一头雾水，不要说外国人难以理解，就是中国人往往也不是很清楚。你要是望文生义，准得闹出笑话来。9.These popular buns are all of the same size and handmade. When served in neat rows on a tray, they look like budding chrysanthemum flowers.“狗不理”纯手工制作，大小均等，深受欢迎。这些包子整整齐齐地放在托盘上时，看上去就像是含苞欲放的菊花。10.Goubuli is now a time-cherished brand name in Tianjin.如今“狗不理”已经成为天津的老字号。11.Fujian cuisine boasts a famous dish called Buddha Jumping over the Wall, the numberone dish of the province. 12.All these ingredients are placed into a ceramic pot, with cooking wine and chicken broth, and then cooked over a slow fire until the meat is tender and juicy and the soup becomes smooth and thick. 13.It is famous for leaving a lingering aftertaste in the mouth. 佛跳墙是福建莱里的一道名菜，亦被称作福建第一菜。所有的原料均放在一个陶罐里，加上料酒和鸡汤后，用文火炖，一直炖到肉汁鲜美，柔润细腻，汤味浑厚。轻舔一口，余香满口。14. Fragrance spreads to the neighborhood once the lid lifts, / One whiff and the Buddha Jumps the wall, abandoning the Zen precepts” “坛启荤香飘四邻，佛闻弃禅跳墙来。”15.In the eyes of Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a warm atmosphere. Often the young and old still sit in order of seniority, and the elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders. Chinese people like to create a lively, warm, and harmonious atmosphere during meals.在中国人看来，吃最重要的，尤其在过节时，莫过于是吃饭时的温馨气氛。吃饭时，年长的和年少的按照年龄大小依次坐好，在欢乐祥和的气氛中，说说笑笑。席间，长辈为晚辈夹菜，晚辈给长辈敬酒，营造出一派欢乐、温馨、和谐的气氛。16.A hostess or host in China will apportion the best parts of the dishes to guests. 在中国，主人会把最好的莱分给客人。17.Such culinary customs have had a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people. In a. sense, it has strengthened the collective spirit of the nation. 这种饮食习俗对中国人的性格也有几分影响。从某种意义上说，它增强了人们的集体主义精神。18. In China, food eaten during festivals is particularly important. At different festivals, people partake of different fare.中国人特别在乎过节时吃什么，不同的节日吃不同的食物。Unit Four1.Love- as both an emotion and a behavior- is essential for human survival2.Babies and children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems- for example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic difficulties- that sometimes last a lifetime. 爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。3Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons that peoples early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems.很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。4. Among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others. Fromm (1956) saw self-love as a necessary prerequisite for loving others. 从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。弗罗姆(1956)认为自爱是爱别人的先决条件。5. In any type of love, caring about the other person is essential. 不管是哪种类型的爱，关心另一方是非常必要的。6. Love, especially long-term love, has nothing in common with the images of love or .frenzied sex that we get from Hollywood, television, and romance novels. 爱，特别是长久的爱，和我们从好莱坞、电视、或爱情小说中获得的对爱和狂热的性爱的印象完全不同。7. What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that theres one person out there that one is meant for and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are filtered out by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.8.One might lust for someone, but these yearnings will not lead most of us to fall in love if there are strong cultural or group bans.一个人也许会对另一个人产生“欲望”，但是如果有强烈的文化或族群反对，我们中的大多数人即使有这样的渴望也不会因此而爱上某人的。9.Healthy loving relationships, whether physical or not (such as love for family members), reflect a balance of caring, intimacy, and commitment.健康的恋爱关系，不管它们是有性的或是无性的(比如对家人的爱)都反映了关怀、亲密和忠诚的平衡。Unit Five1.Some scholars have estimated that yoga is as old as 5,000 years; artifacts detailing yoga postures have been found in India from over 3,000 B.C. Yogis claim that it is a highly developed science of healthy living that has been tested and perfected for all these years. 2.Yoga slowly began gaining followers, and flourished during the 1960s when there was a surge of interest in Eastern philosophy. 一些学者估计，瑜伽至少有5,000年的历史；印度曾出土过3,000年前的表现瑜伽姿势的手工艺品。瑜伽师们认为，经过几千年的考验和完善，瑜伽已经发展成为一门养生的成熟科学。慢慢地有人开始练习瑜伽，并在20世纪60年代东方哲学热盛行的时候形成了学习瑜伽的高潮。3. A recent Roper poll, commissioned by Yoga Journal, found that 11 million Americans do yoga at least occasionally and six million perform it regularly. Yoga stretches are used by physical therapists and professional sports teams, and the benefits of yoga are being touted by movie stars and Fortune 500 executives. Many prestigious schools of medicine have studied and introduced yoga techniques as proven therapies for illness and stress.最近一项由瑜伽月刊委托洛普民调机构所做的调查显示，有1,100万的美国人至少会偶尔做一次瑜伽，另有600万的美国人会经常做瑜伽。瑜伽已被广泛应用于身体治疗和专业运动队的日常训练，做瑜伽的好处也被电影明星和财富杂志世界500强企业的总裁们争相吹捧。许多医学名校已经研究并提出能够有效缓解疾病和压力的瑜伽术了。4. Iyengar yoga puts strict emphasis on form and alignment, and uses traditional hatha yoga techniques in new manners and sequences.5.Ashtanga yoga can be a more vigorous routine, using a flowing and dance-like sequence of hatha postures to generate body heat, which purifies the body through sweating and deep breathing.艾扬格瑜伽十分注重姿势的精准，它采用新的方式和顺序练习传统瑜伽。阿斯汤加瑜伽有着更精准的要求，练习者要用舞蹈般流畅的动作来练习传统瑜伽，从而使身体发热，并通过出汗和深呼吸来净化自己的身体。6.Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. 7.The basic positions can increase a persons strength, flexibility and sense of well being almost immediately. but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many.做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。8. Yoga is usually best learned from a yoga teacher or physical therapist, but yoga is simple enough that one can learn the basics from good books on the subject, which are plentiful. 能向瑜伽教练或身体治疗师学习瑜伽是最好不过了，但因为瑜伽入门并不难，所以也可以从大量的介绍瑜伽的正规书籍中自学它的基本动作。9. Yoga can also provide the same benefits as any well-designed exercise program, increasing general health and stamina reducing stress. and improving those conditions brought about by sedentary lifestyles.瑜伽还能带来和精心设计的练习一样的效果，使人增强体质、焕发活力，并帮助人们舒缓压力和久坐带来的疲劳。10.Currently, the American Medical Association recommends meditation techniques as a first step before medication for borderline hypertension cases.现在，美国医学协会已推荐把冥想疗法替代药物治疗用于治疗疑似高血压的第一步了。11.That is, yoga practice contains the central ideas that physical posture and alignment can influence a persons mood and self-esteem, and also that the mind can be used to shape and heal the body. Yoga practitioners claim that the strengthening of mind/body awareness can bring eventual imp