高考前如何突破书面表达中的词汇和句式.doc

如何突破书面表达中的词汇和句式一、先让学生明确他们当前的写作档次，再根据每位学生的具体情况，为他们设定通过努力后能达到的目标。然后让他们明确高考书面表达评分细则，学会给自己写作打分，也给同伴打分，指出不足，找出闪光点，再教师打分，然后集体讲评，指出普遍性错误，或通过多媒体讲评一两篇典型性文章，最后，展示书面表达参考原文和学生优秀作文，让他们感受，对比，甚至背诵。二、教师要让学生明确什么样的词才是写作中的高级词，然后引导学生充分利用教材中的词汇（如access, fascinate fiercely competitive feature, sustainable, emergency, available, incredibly, threaten等） ，这套人教版教材有丰富的高级词汇供考生写作时使用。教师可以叫学生自己从课本中摘抄，然后连词成句，连句成文，并要求划出自认为好的词句，上交后由教师审核，去掉学生一些冷僻词汇,写作中的这种复用式词汇，务必由教师把关，同时教师每天在课堂上也可以让学生巩固一些好词好句并结合相应的组词训练。这里我想展示一篇学生的组词训练文章，以给大家一个思路：Despite the fact that I ranked second in my class in the last exam, I was not quite satisfied with myself. My teacher has pointed out that I can make much more progress in several subjects. However ,I just cant live up to his expectations. Sometimes I am so depressed that I even burst into tears .Gradually , I realize that Im loaded with too much pressure. making my efforts in vain. I will try to learn to get away from stress and take a deep breath to relax myself by joining in outdoor activities. Im concerned that only by making some adjustment will I do well in exams and really live my dream. 此同学用到了许多课本好词汇和一些有用的句型，充分利用教材来逐步积累写作中的复用式词汇，是一种快速而有效的训练方法。三、考前做模拟试题固然重要，但不要放过那些结构紧凑、词汇丰富的好句子和阅读、完形中的好文章，同时输入一些优美的短文供学生背诵更是必不可少。四、从以下几点突破写作中的句式和词汇：（一） 使用复合句。 复合句可以把结构松散的句子连接起来，从而使表达显得更加高级。高考写作中用到的复合句包括下列几种：(1) 定语从句Mary is a girl in Class 1. She speaks English very fluently. Mary is a girl in Class1, who speaks English very fluently.(2) 状语从句The doctor arrived there in time. The boy was saved. It was not too late. The boy was saved because the doctor arrived there before it was too late.(3) 名词性从句(包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句)Xiao Ming was always late for school. His teacher didnt know why. His teacher didnt know why Xiao Ming was always late for school.使用从句时，文章中的句子最好长短相间，这样会显得抑扬顿挫，结构紧凑，读起来顺口。（二）、使用某些惯用句型写作中如果能恰当运用英语中某些常见的惯用句型，可以使文章显得富有“洋味”。如It occurred to me that, Despite the fact that, I dont think it any good doing sth （三）、使用高级词汇(1) 巧用习语(idiom)英语中有大量习语，如果运用得当，则可大大增加文章的感染力，考生要在平时的学习过程中不断积累。例如： Many families struggle to make ends meet. 很多家庭只能勉强维持生计。 I dont know why she is always in low spirits. 我不知道她为什么总是情绪低落。 He turned a deaf ear to what I said. 他对我的话一点也听不进去。(2) 用短语代替单词英语中同义词众多，在表达的时候，尽量用短语代替单个的词。例如： I have made up my mind to study English better this term. (同义词：decide) I have no idea how to enlarge my vocabulary. (同义词：dont know) We will take the matter into account(consideration). (同义词：consider)(四)、使用名词、介词表达动词意义， His failure in the exam again made his mother very worried. On arrival home I found the front door open. I have a surprise to give you. (for) 这种方法能有效降低句子的复杂性,在令句子通顺自然的同时,也能减少语法错误。（五）、使用形容词（短语）做状语或者使用非谓语动词结构等 They returned home, safe and sound. Full of fear, I walked in the darkness. I arrived home, really exhausted.（六）、和汉语一样，英语中也有大量谚语。若能在写作中恰当运用，会给文章增色不少： Time and tide wait for no man. Look before you leap. He who laughs last laughs best. （七）、使用比喻、拟人等修辞手法比喻性结构新鲜活泼，形象具体，能给读者留下较深刻的印象，具有强大的感染力。例如： The Great Wall runs across China like a huge dragon. To finish the work ahead of time, I have been as busy as a bee recently.使用英语中的谚语写作中不能刻意追求词汇的丰富性和句式的多样性而影响了文章的连贯性，语言流畅自然、一气呵成才是好文章。同样句式的多样性和语言的简洁性是不矛盾的，简洁性就是做到语言简洁，不重复，多样性就是能随着情景内容的变化而写出句式多样的语句。有些学生为了凑足字数，结果使得文章结构松散、语言罗嗦，降低了档次。使用短语结构来简