英语语法——情态动词.doc

英语语法情态动词语法热身 常见考点 Study the following grammatical points carefully and prepare yourself for the preparatory exercise. 英语中常用的情态动词有can/ could, may/ might, must, need, dare, ought to, should, shall, will/would。情态动词有词义，但不完全，所以必须和实义动词构成合成谓语。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化。情态动词不必借助助动词就可构成否定句和疑问句。 can/ could can意为“能够，会”，有示有能力或客观可能性。can have done表示对已经发生的事情的确定的猜测，说话人确定的语气不及must have done强烈。could是can的过去式，它可以表示过去的意义，也可以用在表示现在时态的句子中表示比较委婉客气的语气。如： I cant understand what you said. Could you slow down a bit, please? 我听不懂你说的话，请你说慢一点儿好吗？ He cant have known about it. 他不可能已经知道那件事了。 may/ might may意为“或许，可能”，表示说话人的猜测，其可能性没有can肯定。may也可以用来表示许可或询问。might除了是may的过去式外，还可以用于现在时态的句子中表示推测，其可能性没有may强。如： The teacher said to the students, “You may go now.” 老师对学生们说：“你们现在可以走了。” May I use your bike? 我可以用一下你的自行车吗？ He told us that he might come, but he might not. 他对我们说他可能来，可能不来。 must must意为“必须，应该”，以must开始的疑问句用Yes, you must.或No, you neednt. 回答。must的否定式mustnt意为“不许”。must也可以表示猜测，语气比may肯定，可以解释为“一定”。must have done表示对过去的事情肯定地推测，意为“必然已经”。如： Must I hand in my homework today? 我必须今天交作业吗？ No, you neednt. 不，不必。 You mustnt park your car here. Read that sign “No parking”. 你不允许把车停在这里。看那个牌子“请勿停车”。 She must be out. I just called her home and no one answered the phone. 她一定是出去了。我往她家里打电话，没有人接。 He must have known the news. 他一定已经知道了那个消息。 ought to ought to意为“应该，必须”，表示有责任或义务做某事。构成疑问句时，把ought提到句首即可。否定式为ought not to。Ought to have done意为“本该，早应该”，用来表示过去应该做的事情而没有做。如： Ought we to start now? 我们现在可以开始了吗？ You ought not to have said such things to your parents. 你本不该对你父母说这些话的。 dare dare意为“敢于”，过去式为dared。dare常用疑问句中。dare也可做实义动词，这时dare后加动词不定式to do。如： How dare you do such a thing like that? 你怎么敢做出那样的事情来？ The soldiers didnt dare to disobey the commanders word. 士兵们不敢违抗军命。 need need意为“需要”，只有一个形式。常用于否定句和疑问句中。在肯定句中用need的实义动词形式时，need后加动词不定式to do。need后接动名词形式时，表示被动意义。例如： We neednt come to the school so early in the morning. 我们不用这么早就到校。 The flowers in the garden need to be watered. The flowers in the garden need watering. 花园里的花需要浇水了。 shall shall作情态动词时，主要用于第一人称的句中，表示征求对方的意见。shall用于第二、第三人称时，表示警告、命令等。如： Shall we go to the movies after supper? 我们晚饭后去看电影好吗？ You shall do it right now. 你应该马上去做。 should should意为“应该”，表示对对方进行劝告或建议，语气比must缓和。should也可表示推测，意为“可能”。Should have done和ought to have done同样都是“本该”的意思。如： You should try your best. 你应该尽力。 If the flight had not been delayed by the fog, he should have arrived in Shanghai by now. 若不是航班被大雾耽搁，他现在就应该已经到上海了。 will/would will表示说话人向对方提出请求，主要用于第二人称的疑问句中。would是will的过去式，但用于表示现在时态的句子中则比will更礼貌些。will用于第一、第二人称时表示意愿、决心，或表示在某种情况下必然会发生的动作。would用于表示过去时态的句子中，表示过去习惯进行的动作，或过去常常处于的状态。如： will/ Would you help me with my maths? 你能帮我补习数学吗？ We will stick to the plan until it produces the desired result. 我们会坚持实施计划，直到得出令人满意的结果为止。 We used to be in the same school, and we would often go home together. 我们过去曾在一所学校上学，并且经常一起回家。 预备练习 区别句义 Tell the difference between the two sentences of each group. 1. Will you do me a favor? Would you do me a favor? 2. May I use your dictionary? Can I use your dictionary? 3. You mustnt smoke in public place. You may not smoke in public place. 4. What shall we do now? What should we do now? 5. The task couldnt have been completed on schedule had not been for his help. The task wouldnt have been competed on schedule had not been for his help. 6. You can do that tomorrow. You will be able to do that tomorrow. 7. The professor cant be in the classroom now. The professor might not be in the classroom now. 8. We certainly should be ready by the time he calls. We certainly must be ready by the time he calls. 情态动词填空 Fill in the blanks with correct modal verbs that best suit the sentences. 1. I will be away on a business trip. _ you mind looking after my cat? 2. Coal_ be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 3. Students_ not bring any reference books into the examination room. 4. I didnt hear the phone. I_ have been asleep. 5. _ I smoke in the office? 6. You_ not knock at the door. There is a doorbell at the side of the door. 7. Youd better take your raincoat with you before you go out. It_ rain. 8. The teacher thinks you have broken the window. I dont know why he_ think so. 9. Everyone disliked her for her habit. She_ talk about her daughter on and on without an end. 10. I_ hardly imagine him sailing across the Atlantic Ocean alone. 11. Notice: Garbage_ not be dumped here. 12. Notice: Garbage_ not be dumped here. 13. _ happiness stay with you forever. 14. You have given me a lot of help and you_ not regret it. 15. Even authorities_ make mistakes. 16. You_ not have told him the bad news. He is too young to accept that. 17. The teacher gave us a suggestion that we_ read the text aloud every morning. 18. You_ obey my orders, or you_ be dismissed. 19. Need I have a passport? Yes, I am afraid you_! 20. It is really surprising that the Great Wall_ have existed for so long. 单项选择练习 For each sentence in this part, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. _ I open the window?Yes, please. A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Would 2. The Yellow River_ to be the cradle of the Chinese nation. A. can say B. can be said C. said D. was said 3. John_ now for the light in his room is still on. A. must study B. must be studying C. must have studied D. must be studied 4. The farmers gave the poor girl some clothes and food without which she_ of hunger and cold. A. would die B. would be died C. will be dying D. would have died 5. People_ life as a journey. A. used to considering B. use to consider C. have used to consider D. have been used to considering 6. If you_ see Dr Henderson, give him my regards. A. should B. will C. would D. shall 7. The roads are all wet. It_ last night. A. must rain B. must have rained C. must be raining D. must to rain 8. You are drinking too much again. You_ so much. A. ought not to have drunk B. ought not to be drunk C. ought to have drunk D. ought not drink 9. You_ to go. A. neednt B. need C. hadnt need D. didnt need 10. He knew he_ tell her about that. A. ought not B. ought to not C. didnt ought to D. ought not to 11.I_ English, but I get to like it now. A. is not used to like B. usednt to liking C. usednt to like D. cant have seen 13. With all this work on hand, he_ to the cinema last night. A. mustnt B. oughtnt to go C. wouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone 14. _ the film be on now?It_ be, but Im not too sure. A. Can; cant B. May; mustnt C. Must; neednt D. Can; may 15. Would you mind opening the window for me?_. A. OK, I would B. Sure, I wouldnt C. Yes, I wouldnt D. Why, I wouldnt 16. I sent the new magazines to her by post this morning.You_ that. She can buy them in a bookstore. A. didnt have to do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. neednt do 17. _ to have dinner with us today? A. Will you like B. Would you like C. Did you like D. Have you liked 18. You_ return the book now. You can keep it till next month. A. cant B. wont C. neednt D. wouldnt 19. I _ play football than baseball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer 20. Shall we go skating or stay at home? Which _ do yourself? A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather 21. Mother_ us stories when we were young. A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling 22. I thought you_ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must 23. The workers soon_ the new rules and regulations. A. used to B. be used to C. got use to D. got used to 24. You_ be late for school again. A. hadnt better B. had better not to C. have better not D. had better not 25. I would rather you_ her the truth the day before yesterday. A. didnt tell B. will come C. should come D. has come 26. Who_ to see us but our teacher! A. is coming B. will come C. should come D. has come 27. _ you_ that again? A. Do; dare to say B. Dare; to say C. Do; dare say D. Dare; say 28. The computer doesnt work properly. Something_ wrong with it. A. would have gone B. have gone C. must be going D. must have gone 29. You_ his luggage for him. He carried it himself. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. didnt need carrying D. needed to carry 30. _ our friendship live long. A. Shall B. Will C. May D. Must 31. Linda_ at the dance tonight, nor will Peter. A. cant be B. will be C. may not be D. wont be 32. The parents may not be as happy about the result as the children, but they_ to be. A. ought B. should C. wouldD . may 33. Many people in England love to give advice on weather reporting.Yes, but I think the weather offices computers_ be moer accurate. A. can B. might C. must D. ought to 34. You can never imagine such a short trip_ be so expensive. A. might B. should C. will D. may 35. Could you give these books to Mr Green? Certainly. _ him about something in any case, so it wont be any bother. A. I may see B. Ill be seeing C. I can see D. I see 36. _ I tell your parents all that has happened?No, you_! They would be terribly angry. A. Will; neednt B. Would; can C. Should; mustnt D. Must; dont have to 37. To be on the safe side, we should bring along plenty of food, because we_ be delayed by the terrible weather. A. should B. must C. could D. would 38. He wasnt a good runner, so he_ catch up with them. A. was able to B. might C. could not D. is not able to 39. How _ climbing the wall? A. dare he risking B. dare he risk C. dares he to risk D. dares he risk 40. Did you hear me come back last night?No, I_ asleep. 41. I got up early, but I_ so because I had nothing to do that morning. A. must have done B. neednt have done C. didnt need to do D. cant have done 42. We used to have supper at 7:p.m., but now we_ it at 6:00 p.m. A. had B. have C. has D. used to have 43. Wherever he_ these days, he always carries his raincoat. A. shall go B. is going C. would go D. goes 44. Hurry up! They_ for us at the gate. A. must wait B. must be waiting C. ought to wait D. must be waited 45. Where do you think Bob_ be? He was here only a moment ago. A. can B. must C. should D. need 46. Were lost now. We_ a wrong turn at the last crossroad. A. can have made B. must make C. must have made D. should have made 47. You _take whichever drink you like. Thanks a lot. A. must B. have to C. may D. would 48. The bus_ at six, but it arrived an hour late. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. ought to arrive D. must arrive 49. Dont throw the bag away. It_ in the future. A. is needed B. might be needed C. may need D. shall be needed 50. I wish it_ be fine tomorrow. A. should B. is going to C. is to D. would 真题自测 单项选择 For each sentence in this part, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack_ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 2. Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you _hurt yourself. A. wont cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant ; shouldnt 3. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They_ be ready by 12:00. A. can B . should C. might D. need 4. Shall l tell John about it?No, you_. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt 5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags_ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will 6. Is John coming by train? He should, but he_ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 7. Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you_. A. might B. will C. can D. should 8. Peter_ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 9. l should have been here, but I _not find the time. A. would B. could C. might D. should 10. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry,_ My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 11. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter go and do the opposite! A. may B. can C. would D. should 12. A computer _think for itself, it must be to1d what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 13. Write to me when you get home. A. I must B. I should C. l will D. I can 14. The room is so dirty. _ we clean it?Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 15. He_ his parents about his failure in the exam. A. dares not tell B.