过去分词讲解及练习新.doc

非谓语动词-过去分词一、根据句意需要，用所给单词的正确形式填空。1. The robbers are using a _ (steal) car.2. The firemen were rescuing the people _ (trap) in the fire.3. He looked _ (worry) after reading the letter.4. The cup is _ (break).5. He managed to make himself _ (understand).6. They considered the matter _ (solve).7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ (tie) behind his back.8. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.9. _ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good!10. He stood there silently, _ (move) to tears.归纳总结：非谓语动词：动词现在分词:表示_动词过去分词:表示_ 动词不定式:表示_以上划线部分在句中的成分（_, _, _, _, _, _）在句1&2中充当：_ 在句3&4中充当：_在句5&6&7中充当：_ 在句8&9&10中充当：_二 动词过去分词充当定语过去分词作定语位置前置定语：单个动词过去分词后置定语：过去分词短语意义及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成不及物动词过去分词：表示完成与定语从句转换1、位置单个过去分词 ，常放在被修饰词的前面 ,作前置定语 The lost child was found at last. The excited people rushed into building. Lost time can never be found again. 过去分词短语 ，常放在被修饰词的后面 ，作后置定语 The child lost in the park was found at last.The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success如果单个的过去分词所修饰的词是代词those或是由some / any / no / every + thing / body / one所构成的不定代词时，通常过去分词要放在被修饰的词之后。There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.Is there anything planned for tonight? Everything used should be marked所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2. 使用意义及物动词 的过去分词作定语时，表示一个被动的 、已完成的 动作 a damaged bridge 一座被毁坏的桥 iced beer 冰冻啤酒 _ 被污染的空气和水 _ 熟食不及物动词 的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成 ，不表示被动 意义 the risen sun升起的太阳 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 _ 落叶 _ 开水3、可转换成定语从句及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动 ,可改为带被动语态 的定语从句He didnt turn up at the meeting held yesterday. (=the meeting which was held yesterday .)I found it hard to understand the English spoken by native villagers. (=the English which was spoken by native villagers .)不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于不能后置的单个过去分词)则表示完成 ,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句We drank some boiled water and went on with our work. (=which had boiled )4. 小试牛刀：用动词过去分词改写下列句子。 1）I think cloning that is done by scientists is dangerous.2）The problems that are created by cloning will be clear.3）We dont want beasts that are created by scientists to replace us one day. 4）The only thing that is needed is a cell from your old pet.三. 动词过去分词充当表语过去分词作表语位 置位于系动词之后：意义已被形容词化，表示主语所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。系动词1. be 动词 2. 表示保持的系动词3. 感官系动词 4. 表象系动词5. 变化系动词 6. 终止系动词1. 意义过去分词作表语，可以看作是过去分词的形容词化，说明的是主语在该动作完成后所处的状态，也有一定的被动意味。其前可有quite, very, rather等修饰词。2. 常见的作表语的过去分词如:closed(关闭的)lost(丢失的)known(著名的)married(已婚的) gone(遗失的)worried(担忧的)interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的)； surprised(吃惊的); 3. 即学即练He _ _ after reading the letter看完信后, 他看起来担忧。He _ _ _ at the idea听到这个想法, 他似乎相当高兴。I _ _ _ at the news 听了这消息我非常高兴。4.系动词类别1）be词 可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. （表示主语的身份性质） He is ill. 他病了。（表示主语的状态） 2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time. 6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）四. 动词过去分词充当宾语补足语过去分词做宾补意义 说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。 过去分词与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾（被动关系）结构1. 介词+宾语+宾语补足语2. 主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词动词1.表“希望”、“意愿” 、“爱憎”、“要求”的动词：2.表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)3. 表示“致使”意义的动词1.意义能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,说明宾语的动作或状态，表示被动意义或已完成意义。作宾语补足语的动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。2. 基本结构：主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词(宾语补足语)（1）.介词+宾语+宾补 with, without + n. + 动词过去分词With many flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.周围种了许多花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。 They left without a dish touched.他们离开时一盘菜都没碰。The _ _ _ _ his works _.这位伟大的作家逝世时作品未完成。_ _ _ _ _ _ his hands _ behind his back.小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。 （2）. 主语+谓语+宾语+动词过去分词(宾语补足语) 在这一结构中, 动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。 如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。3. 能接过去分词做宾语补足语的动词 表“希望”、“意愿” 、“爱憎”、“要求”的动词：want , wish , like , hate , order , expect + 宾语 + (to be) doneI want the work finished on Sunday.我想在星期天完成工作。I wish my homework finished before five oclock.我希望在5点之前完成我的作业。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢这样的问题在会上讨论。Jim ordered the room cleaned . Jim要求房间被打扫。 表感觉或思维活动的动词(短语)：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, observe, notice, find, think, consider + 宾语 + 动词过去分词We saw the thief caught by the police. 我们看到小偷被警察抓。People found the water polluted . 人们发现水被污染了。They thought the matter settled . 他们认为这问题解决了。 表示“致使”意义的动词: get , have , make , keep , leave_ _ _ _ _ _ _. 他昨天拔了牙。_ _ _ _ _ once a month. 我每个月理一次发。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 你应该说大声点让别人听到。He couldnt keep his eyes shut to all this.Dont leave those things undone.4. “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义 (请人)把某事做完。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发? 遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand yuan saved this year 他今年已存了1000元。 5. 即时练习：根据所给提示填充句子。1) As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself _. (understand)2) I _ yesterday. (寄信）3) You must make yourself when you talk in front of the class. （hear)4) After the robbery, they found the windows _.(break) 5) You mustnt make the secret between us _to the public. (know)6）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry out7）Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard五 动词过去分词充当状语过去分词做状语结构1. 过去分词短语+逗号+主句2. 主句+逗号+过去分词短语意义说明动作或状态发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，表示被动或完成。逻辑主语：主句的逻辑主语与状语从句或“连词+过去分词”结构转换1. 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。可转换成相应的状语从句。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。表示被动或完成。表示时间 ,可换成when , while , after 等引导的时间状语 从句Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.=When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.表示条件 ,可换成if , once 或unless 等引导的条件主语 从句Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.=If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.表示原因 ,可换成because , as , since 等引导的原因状语 从句Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.=As they were deeply moved , the children began to cry.表示伴随情况 ,可换成and 连接的并列句She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. =She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.表示让步 ,可换成although /though 引导的让步状语 从句Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. =Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.2. 有些过去分词(短语) 因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语) 常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); absorbed in (全神贯注于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.3. 有时为了加强时间、条件或让步的意味，还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语，When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。Though beaten by the opposite team, the players didnt lose heart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了，但他们并没有灰心。一 选择适当的分词1 Hes such a monotonous(单调的)speaker. I was _ stiff. (bored / boring) 2 Most sequels are _. (disappointed / disappointing) 3 I had such a _ day I went straight to bed. (tired / tiring) 4 Everyones very _ about the news. (excited / exciting) 5 That lamp produces a very _ effect. (pleased / pleasing) 6 The whole school was _ by the tragic event. (saddened / saddening) 7 I dont like watching _ films on my own. (depressed / depressing) 8 I was _ when she told me shed got divorced. (amazed / amazing) 9 Hes such a _ guy. He only ever talks about himself. (bored / boring) 10 Im very _ in films and theatre. (interested / interesting) 11 No one knew what would happen next. We were all _ . (intrigued / intriguing) 12 It was a very _ situation. (interested / interesting) 13 Theres been some very _ news. (surprised / surprising)12 It was a very _ situation. (interested / interesting) 13 Theres been some very _ news. (surprised / surprising) 14 His mother was_ by what she found under his bed. (disgusted / disgusting) 15 Their hamburgers are _ . (disgusted / disgusting) 16 Dad always arrives home from work _ . (exhausted / exhausting) 17 Hes always showing off. Its really _ . (annoyed / annoying) 18 I think Alex is one of the most _ people Ive ever met. He cant keep still for a second. (annoyed / annoying) 19 I walked into this restaurant and there was Andy with a strange woman. He seemed really _ . (embarrassed / embarrassing) 20 She kept talking about her boyfriend problems all night. It was rather _ . (embarrassed / embarrassing). 二. 请根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. _ ( 受到邻居们的表扬 ) , he became the pride of his parents.2. _ ( 如果给予更多的时间 ) , Ill be able to do it better.3. _ ( 心中充满了希望与恐惧 ) , he entered the cave.4. _ （从山顶往下看） , the city looked like a big garden.5. _ （被他的话所感动） , I accepted his present.6. _ （腿部受了伤） , he couldnt walk any further.7. _ （及时吃药） , the medicine will be quite defective.8. _ （除非被邀请讲话） , you should remain silent at the conference.9. The old man went into the room, _ （由儿子扶着） .10. _ （受到很多人的嘲笑） , they continued study.11. His father is _ (一个有经验的英语老师). 12. _ (大多数被邀请参加会议的人) were my old friends. 三. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空1. She caught the student _ (cheat) in exams. 2. When I got there, I found him _ (repair) farm tools. 3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _. (repair) 4. Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help. 5. He worked so hard that he got his pay _. (raise) 6. The missing boys were last seen _(play) near the river. 7. _(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful. 8. The workers had the machines _(run) all night long to finish the work on time. 9. People in the south have their houses _(make) of bamboo. 10. _(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 11.Could you see the flowers _ (nod) gently in the wind?12. Her job was to take care of the _(wound) soldier13. The performance they saw last night was an _ (excite) one.14. Having heard the news she had a _ (please) look on her face.15. Mr. Smith asked Peter to present his _ (write) report soon. 16. Professor Green wonders if there is anything _ (plan) for tonight.17. Here is a TV Guide _（give）you all the programs for the next week.18.There are more than ten thousand students _ (study) in this university.19. The bookstore will deliver the books _ (order) by Mr. Black tomorrow.20. Mr. John gave a _ (satisfy) smile when he received my term paper.21.The govern