现在完成时讲解及习题.doc

现在完成时1.用法（）现在完成时用来表示过去的动作对现在的影响，常与already, yet, just, before, recently,lately等词连用。I have already spent all of my money.(我已经花完了我所有的钱) He hasnt returned from abroad yet. (他还没有从外国回来) （）现在完成时还可表示过去的经历，常与ever, never，twice等表示频度的时间状语连用。Have you ever been to Beijing?She has been to Europe twice.（）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注意（超级重要!）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose等）在肯定句中不能for/since 连用。要改变动词:1.have代替buy My brother has had this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on 6、用“be形容词”代瞬间动词 （1）、bemarried代marry （2）、beill代fall (get) ill （3）、bedead代die （4）、beasleep代fall (get) asleep （5）、beawake代wake/wake up （6）、beaway代leave （7）、beopen代open （8）、be closed代close （9）、belost代lose 7、用“be副词”代瞬间动词 （1）“beon”代start,begin （2）“beup”代get up （3）“beback to”代return to,come back to,go back to (4) “be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here (5) “beover”代finish8、用“be介词短语”代瞬间动词 （1）、“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to （2）、“be in the army 代替join the army 2. 现在完成时的时间状语 (1) 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 (2) 用ever 和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 -Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -I have never been to the Great Wall. (3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before, so far, up to now,in the past few years/ during the last few years等。I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. He has been there three times the last few days. (4)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。-Have you met him today?-No,I havent. -How many times have you been there this year? 3. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系, 如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） 4. 其他几点注意事项 （1）have been to与have gone to 的区别：have been to表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone to表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如： They have been to Beijing twice. He has gone to Beijing. （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，可以用现在完成时或者不用。 如：It is/ has been two years since his father died. （3）不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I havent left here since 1997.（错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 5. 用于现在完成时的句型 (1) It is the first / second time thatIt is the first time that I have visited the city. (2) This is the + 最高级thatThis is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 现在完成时专项练习一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become25.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught28.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became29. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been34.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take36.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been37.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on38.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up39. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two we