非谓语动词(给老师).doc

英语非谓语动词讲解及练习I.非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即:doing, done, to do, doing当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：现在分词 doing :有being done（被动式）; having done（完成式）; having been done （完成被动式）.不定式to do : 有to be done（被动式）; to have done （完成式）; to be doing（进行式） 动名词 doing : 有having done（完成式）; being done（被动式） ; 非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语, 定语；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语,补足语和状语。 下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一 动词不定式翻译以下例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1To learn a foreign language is difficult .( )_2 His wish is to be a driver . ( )_3Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . ( )_4The teacher told us to do morning exercises . ( )_5I have nothing to say . ( )_6They went to see their aunt . ( )_7Its easy to see their aunt.( )_8I dont know what to do next .( )_9I heard them make a noise .( )_掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1 “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。agree to _, object to _,close to _, lead to_, refer to _ , equal to_ , familiar to _, point to _ , thank to _, devote to _ , next to _, belong to_ , be used to _, look forward to _,stick to_, adapt to_,pay attention to _,get down to _,be similar to _,.2 带to 还是不带to I have no choice but to give in. _ I cannot do anything but give in. _ I saw him enter the classroom ._ （ 但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .） 3 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for/of引起. Its necessary for you to study hard . Its foolish of him to do it . 与of 连用的形容词有:good,kind, nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite, possible 4后接不定式作宾语的动词有：决心_/_学会_想_希望_/_/_拒绝_设法_假装_主动提供_答应_选择_计划_同意_请求_帮助_失败_ 敢_,安排_等.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws . 5不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting to attend . _ Please lend me something to write with . _ He is looking for a room to live in ._He had no money and no place to live (in )._I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot ._ There is no time to think ( about ) . _2）主谓关系： She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting . -Im going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )-Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I ) 6不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1） 原因:He is lucky to get here on time . 这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy 2) 目的: He came to help me with my maths . 3) 结果I hurried to get there only to find him out . The book is too hard for the boy to read . He is old enough to go to school . 7. 不定式作补足语 I saw him play in the street just now . 能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see ,observe, notice,look at , watch , feel , hear , listen to , let , have, make, 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如： He was seen to play in the street just now.二动名词Learning English is very difficult . / His job is driving a bus . / I enjoy dancing .I have got used to living in the country . /Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 注意以下几种结构：1Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2Its no use talking with him . Its no good speaking to them like that . 3Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可由以下词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题： 1下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别， 忘记要做某事_忘记做过某事_ 记住要做某事 _ 记着做了某事_ 有意要做某事_ 意味着做了某事_ 对要做的事表示后悔_ 对做过去的事后悔_ 不能帮助做某事_ 情不自禁做某事_ 尽力去做某事 _ 试着做某事_ 学着去做某事_ 学会做某事_ 停下来去做（另一件事）_停止做某事_ 接着做（另外一件事）_ 继续做某事_ 过去做某事_ 习惯做某事_2动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car _ a running horse = a horse _ 前者是动名词 ， 后者是现在分词又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3 动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：_coming made us very happy . 他来让我们很高兴. 4动名词的语态和时态:主动doing/having done被动being done 5 动名词主动形式表被动的情况： need doing , want doing , require doing 例如： This room needs _. 这个房间需要粉刷。 6只能跟动名词作宾语的动词： Admit_ , appreciate_ ,avoid_ , consider_ , delay/putoff_,deny_,enjoy_,escape_,excuse_ ,finish_ , complete_ , forbid_ , imagine/fancy_ , mind_ , miss _ , permit/allow_ ,practise_ ,require_ ,suggest/advise,_ risk _ , keep/keep on _ ,feel like_ , cant help_ , cant stand_, insist on_ , succeed in _ , set about_ , give up_ .三 分词 用所给词的正确形式填空,并判定分词所作成份: 1. The story is_ . Im _in it (interest). 2. This is a _film (move). 3. The secretary worked late into the night , only _ a long speech for the president. 秘书工作到深夜，只为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。 4. _ more time , Ill do it well. 如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief _ some money from the bank . 当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。 应注意的几个问题： 1现在分词与过去分词的区别 Do you know the woman talking to Tom ? = Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country. 2分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging . /They got very excited . 1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting . （物/事作主语） He is interested in the news .（人作主语） 2）表语与被动式的区别：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .（强调动作） The blackboard is broken . Youd better have it repaired.（强调状态） 3）常作表语的过去分词： amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drunk , done 3现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。 例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging . What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby . 4注意的四种结构： have something to do _ have something done _ have somebody do something _have somebody/something doing _ 5 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat , prepare , hide , dress 如：I seated myself on the chair ./I was seated on the chair . 6分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等,而不定式表示目的,原因和结果。 1._(finish) the homework , I went home . （ 时间） 2._(be)a Party member , I should work hard . （原因） 3._(give) more time ,I can do my work better . （ 条件 ） 4.He ran out of the classroom ,_(shout) at the boy. （ 伴随） 5._(get) more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 ) 6.He is old enough _(join) the army .（结果） 7.Im disappointed_(hear)the news.(原因) 7分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别 a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that_ a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that _ a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for _ something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： 参考以下II (四) 时态语态分析 9分词做状语需要注意的一个问题： 分词与句子主语的逻辑关系, 分词的逻辑主语与句子主语必须保持一致. Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 ) Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . （ 正确） Seeing his mother,the boy jumped with joy.( 正确) Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系练习I .单项选择1.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 2. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it . A. Having being told B. Though had been told C. He was told D. Having told 3. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path . A.to have rested B. testing C. to rest D. rest 4. The next morning she found the man _ in bed , dead . A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _ it more difficult .A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. to not make6 . The Olympic Games , _ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912 . A.first playing B.to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing7 . -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting .- Well , now I regret _that . A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 8 .The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added 9 . _ a reply , he decided to write again . A. Not receive B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldnt make himself _ . A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard 11.Robert is said _ abroad , but I dont know what country he studied in . A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying Keys: ACCAB CDCCD AII . 用动词的正确形式填空1. Little Tom should love _ ( take ) to the theatre this evening .2. Paul doesnt have to be made _ ( learn ) . He always works hard . 3. The computer centre , _ ( open )last year , is very popular among the students in this school . 4. Go on _( do ) the other exercise after you have finished this one . 5. How about two of us _ ( take ) a walk down the garden .II.非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,做题时可分四步分析:一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office .A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned分析：句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此前面也是个独立句子成分，故选C。句2. 句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。句3. 同句2，选A 。句4. 前面用if 引导从句，故选C ，构成从句谓语。句5. 同句1，选C。二、分析逻辑主语确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1. _no buses , we have to walk home .A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being2. _Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .分析：句1. 表示没有公共汽车，应用there be结构，即逻辑主语是there，故选A 。句2. 同理选D。三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。分析：句1. 地球被看起来，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2. 我们主动看.即表主动，故选B。3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语是the dirty clothes，和动词搭配表示衣服被洗，故选B。句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语the girl，表示女孩洗衣服，为主动关系，故选D。四、分析时态，在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。又如：1. He stood there_for his mother .2. _for two hours , he went away .A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D.Having waited句1表示站在那等，两个动词同时发生，故选A作伴随状语。句2表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词went away 之前故用完成式选D 。需要注意的是，非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面。如：What is the reason for _there ?A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go for为介词,后接 doing,否定词放在非谓语形式前,故选C.巩固练习:1. _wont be of much help . A .Toms going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes2. They managed _the meeting room before the guests arrived. A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaningC. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean3. We must find a room big enough _.A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live inC. to live in all of us D. of all of us to live4. _a teacher , I should set a good example to students . A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. As I being5. _a teacher ,one must first be their pupil . A. Being B. Having beenC. To be D. To have been6. It was stupid _ your advice. A. for me not to take B. for me not takingC. of me not to take D. of me not taking7. The teacher told him to speak louder _by everybody. A. so as to be heard B. so as to hearC. in order that heard D. in order to hear8. They suggested _ the sports meet till next Tuesday. A. us to put off B. our putting offC. us of putting off D. our put off9. The doctor gave me some medicine , _ three times a day before meals.A. to take B. to be taking C. to be taken D. I took it10. Thanking them for their kindness , he said that the old lady really appreciated _by them. A. visiting B. visitedC. to be visited D. being visited11. _made her parents very angry . A. Janes engaging Black B. Janes being engaged to BlackC. Jane having engaged to Black D. Jane has engaged to Black12.I think it good_in public places. A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smokingC. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke13. China is a _ country and we should introduce _ science and technology from the _ countries. A. developed; advanced; developed B. developing;advanced;developedC. developing;advancing;developing D. developed; advancing ; developing14. _, the work can be done much better . A. Given more time B.We had been given more timeC. More time given D. If more time had given15. _from space , the earth , with water _seventy percent of its surface , looks like a blue ball. A. Seen ; covered B. Seeing ; coveringC. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering16. People always shake hands with each other when _. A. to introduce B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing17. _, tears ran down her pale face. A. No word said B. Say no wordC. Not saying a word D. Without saying a word18. Tigers ,_ meat -eating animals , _meat . A. belonged to ;fed on B. belonging to ; feed on C. were belonged to ; feed on D. belonging to ; feeding on19. We must take measures to prevent our earth _. A. to be polluted B. from pollutingC. from being polluted D. from polluted 20. As the stone was too heavy to move , I left it _ on the ground . A. laying B. lay C. lying D. Lain答案：ACBAC CABCD BBBCD CABCCIII.2009-2005年高考题组一2009年1.Michaels new house is like a huge palace,_with his old one.A.comparing B.compares C.to compare D.compared2.With the world changing fast,we have something new _with all by ourselves every day. deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing 3._not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A.Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded4._and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai A.To be tired B.Tired C.Tiring D.Being tired5The children all turned_the famous actress as she entered the classroom. A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at 6.Now that weve discussed our problem,are people happy with the decisions_? A.taking B.take C.taken D.to take7.They use computers to keep the traffic_smoothly. A.being run B.run C.to run D.running 8.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit_on his own farm. A.grown B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow9.All of them try to use the power of the workstation_information in a more effective way. A.presenting B.presented C.being presented D.to present10._twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A.Being bitten B.Bitten C.Having bitten D.To be bitten 11._the project in time,the staff were working at weekends. A.Completing B.Having completed C.To have completed D.To complete12._by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged13.A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,_all four people on board. A.killed B.killing C.kills D.to kill14.With the governments aid,those_by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.were affected 15.Bill suggested _a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai