对比类文章的写作技巧.doc

对比类文章的写作技巧近年来高考英语书面表达频频出现对比类的题型结构。2005年全国卷III和江西，2006年竟有广东、浙江、江苏、陕西、福建多达五个省的书面表达使用这种题型结构，2007、2008年浙江卷。对比类书面表达可分为今昔对比和正反观点对比两种。属于今昔对比的有：2006广东卷（根据两幅图对比now 和before人们通讯方式的变化以及给人们生活带来的影响）等；属于正反观点对比的有：2006浙江卷（以Film or book, which do you prefer?”为题比较看电视和读原著的不同，并发表自己的看法）、陕西卷（比较“呆在家中”和“外出旅游”两种暑期计划的优点和缺点，并发表自己的看法）、江苏卷（对2008奥运会志愿者“dos and donts”进行比较并发表个人看法）、2008 浙江卷(以“Working individually or working in a team”为题比较两种工作方式的不同，并发表自己的看法)等。本文试对此类书面表达的行文结构和解题技巧进行简要分析：一、 把握对比类文章行文结构1. 正反观点对比类的文章结构完整，条理清楚，逻辑性强。此类文章结构基本相同。一般都是首先提出问题正方观点及论据（理由）反方观点及论据（理由）最后是结论或给出自己的观点。如：2005年江西卷要求用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。首先提出问题：Should students make friends online? 正方观点及理由为：Some people say yes, 反方观点及理由为：Others, however, think students should not Besides, 最后进行总结：It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. 2006年福建卷是对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论的短文。首先提出观点：Its very important for us to form healthy eating habits.然后是不良饮食习惯及其危害： However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. 健康饮食习惯及其表现：We should have various healthy diets. 最后进行总结并发表自己观点：In my opinion, we try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. 2. 今昔对比类的文章一般是首先通过主题句明确被比较的两方面，然后进行扩展。 行文方式一是整块比较，即先A后B。如NMET2001书面表达，要求学生根据表格提供的信息写出减负给学习和生活带来的变化。首先通过主题句In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. 点出主题，然后分减负前(But I used to) 和减负后(Now I have )整块比较，最后点出结论As far as I know, everyone is 。 二是逐点比较，即A、B交错，逐条说明两者的异同，如2006江苏卷书面表达是讨论作为2008奥运志愿者应该做什么，不应该做什么。首先点出论题：What should the volunteers do and what should they not do?然后根据提示用Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, 逐点比较dos donts, 最后表达自己的看法：If I have the honour to be chosen as a volunteer, besides the above, I will 。二、 掌握表示对比类文章的过渡性词语逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇时间顺序first, second, then, finally / at last 空间顺序here, there, on one side, on the other side对称关系for one thing, for another, on (the )one hand, on the other hand转折关系but, however, while, though, otherwise因果关系because, since, as, thanks to, due to, because of , as a result of条件关系as long as, so long as, on condition that, if , unless让步关系though, as, even if / though, whether, who(what, when, where)-ever递进关系whats more, besides, to make matters worse, whats worse, meanwhile过渡性插入语I think, Im afraid, you know, as we all know合理地使用这些过渡性词语可以使整篇文章结构紧凑,行文连贯,逻辑性强,表达顺畅自然,从而增强表达的效果。如： and whats more, I am able to better understand the authors ideas.（2006浙江卷）Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.（2006浙江卷）As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, its very important for us to form healthy eating habits.（2006福建卷）On the other hand, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at their lessons.（2005福建卷）However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students.（2006福建卷）But I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time.(NMET2001)三、 掌握常用句型1 开头常用句型Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left school. (NMET1999)Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city.（2005全国卷III）The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.（2006陕西卷）It is reported that about 100,000 people will be chosen as volunteers for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.（2006江苏卷）2 对比常用句型They also say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that (2005全国卷III)60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged.(NMET2002)On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new buildingour library. (NMET1999)My parents used to listen to the radio for news and other information, but now they watch the news and other programs on TV.Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of the students dont think so.But others have different opinions.3 进一步说明常用句型They think its both convenient and comfortable. Whats more, they can save money for other purposes.Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, its far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.We can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improving our English.4 结尾常用句型In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home.（2006陕西卷）In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.（2006浙江卷）It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things.（2005江西卷）I think that depends on the defferences between them.Personally, I agree with the secong view.（2006浙江卷）As far as I know, As far as I am concerned,四、练习题目（一）根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。 注意：1词数：100左右 2生词：通讯：communicate(with sb)vi. communication n 互联网：the Internet n.题目(二) 人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。 赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1.广交朋友2.可自由表达思想3.利于外语学习1.浪费时间2.影响学习3.可能上当受骗？ 注意：1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容。 2.词数为100左右。 3.参考词汇： 网络朋友on-line friend(s)，上当受骗to be cheated题目(三) 当前不少文学作品被改编成电影。有人选择看电影，有人则喜欢读原著。请你以“Film or book，which do you prefer?”为题，按照下列要点写一篇英语短文： 1看电影：省时、有趣、易懂2读原著：细节更多、语言优美3我的看法及理由注意：1词数100120，文章题目和开头已给出(不计词数)。Film or book，which do you prefer?Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original上次作文参考范文Dear Mr. Wang,Im glad to tell you that I have made great progress in my English study.When I started to learn English at the beginning, I found it very hard to learn it well and I almost gave it up. Later, I realized the importance of English, so I got up early every morning, recited English words, listened to English tapes and did a lot of exercises.