应用型大学英语一册词汇及翻译Unit1-5.doc

Book One of Applied English by BIT Zhhai CampusBeijing Institute of Technology Machanical and electronic engineeringUnit one College LifeNew Words and Expressions1.survive v. 经历之后还存在（从困境中挺过来） The car company managed to survive the economic crisis. 那家汽车公司设法渡过了经济危机。 Few buildings in that village survived the earthquake. 地震之后，那村庄没几座完好的房子了。Only two people survied in the crash.只有两人从这次撞车事故中存活下来。2. typical adj. 典型的, 有代表性的This is a typical example.这是个典型的例子。 It is typical of him to take hard jobs . 抢挑重担是他的特点。3.challenge n. 挑战性，具有挑战性的事物That will be a really challenge to all of us.这对我们大家都将是一个真正的挑战。vt. 邀请（某人）比赛；向.挑战This is a problem that challenges the imagination.这是个运用想象力的问题。4. academic adj （大专院校）教学（上）的，大学的 学术性的The students return in September for the start of the next academic year.学生于九月返校，开始新学年的学习。Academic exchanges should be promoted. 要提倡学术交流 academically adv. 学习上地，学术界地，学术方面地 You have to do well academically to get into medical school. 你得学习成绩优良才能进入医学院。He is a giant academically but a dwarf in everyday matter.在学术上他是个巨人，但在日常生活中却是个矮子5. adjust v. 调整，调节；校准；使适合The freshmen adjustted to the college life very quickly.新生们很快适应了大学的生活。Please adjust the volume.那么就请您调一下音量吧。6.adjustment n. 调整，调准 The plan adjustment will be discussed at the meeting.方案调整将在会上讨论。He has made a few adjustment to the design.他已对设计做了几处调整。7.demand n. 要求, 请求To expand domestic demand is the most effective policy. 扩大内需是最有效的政策。The firm is attempting to meet the customers demands. 公司正试图满足客户的要求。8.manage v. 管理；经营Dont tell me how to manage my affairs. 用不着你来告诉我怎样管我自己的事。A computer program can help you manage data efficiently.电脑程序能帮助你有效地处理数据。Mr. Smith managed the football team two years ago. 两年前史密斯先生管理那支足球队。9.effectively adv. 有效地This method worked very effectively. 这方法很见效。If you can manage time effectively, you will have more time. 如果你能够有效地管理时间，你就会有更多的时间。The company must reduce costs to compete effectlively. 公司要有效地参与竞争必须降低成本。10.isolation n. 孤立,隔离, 脱离Many unemployed people experience feelings of isolation and depression.很多失业者有孤独沮丧的感觉。Mike lived in splendid isolation. 他过着远离尘世的生活。11.staff n. （一个机构的）全体职员，全体工作人员， 员工medical/library staff 全体医务人员，图书馆的全体员工We have 30 part-time members of staff. 我们有20名兼职员工。The teaching staff will have a meeting in the this afternoon.全体教师今天下午将开会。12. transition n. 过渡,转变, 变迁The transition from school to full-time work will last for a few months. 从学校到全日制工作的过渡阶段将持续数月。The course is useful for students who are in transition from one training programme to another.该课程对转换培训项目的学生来说是有帮助的。13.crucial adj. 决定性的；紧要关头的At the crucial moment, he jumped into the river without hesitation and saved the little girl.在那关键时刻,他毫不犹豫地跳进河里救起了那小姑娘。Safety first, precaution crucial.安全第一，预防为主。14.interact v. 互相作用, 互相影响;互相配合，互动As college students, we should be social and interact with others. 做为大学生，我们应该参加社交活动并与他人接触。Teachers have a limmited amount of time to interact with each student.教师和每个学生沟通的时间有限。15. offer v. 主动提供，提出（供接受或拒绝）,或赠予The hotel offers very good service.这家旅馆提供优质服务。They decided to offer John the job.他们决定把这份工作给约翰。16.contact v. 联系；联络；交往If you have any questions, please contact me by telephone.如你有任何问题，请电话跟我联络。I must contact my lawyer before I make my final decisions.在我做出最后决定之前，我必须先跟我的律师联系一下。17.strategy n. 策略, 战略Learning strategies and time management are very important for college students.学习策略和时间管理对大学生来说非常重要。Mr. Smith was an expert in military strategy before he became a professor in the university.史密斯先生在成为大学教授之前是一位军事战略家。18. resource n. 资源, 物力，财力She spent all his resources on education his children.她把全部财力都花在子女的教育上了。 Oil is Kuwaits most important resource. 石油是科威特最重要的资源。 19. budget v. (为) 制定预算；做好安排The government has budgeted a new school in this area.政府已经在预算中拨款在这地区建一所新学校。Funds budgeted for education doubled in the past ten years. 纳入预算的教育经费在过去十年内翻了一番。20. balance v. （使）（重量、数量、重要性或影响）均衡，相抵，相等Duties and pleasures balanced each other in her well-planned life.她妥善安排生活，做到劳逸结合。Judys accounts balanced for the first time this year.朱迪的账户上今年第一次收支平衡。21.responsibility n. 责任（心）The responsibility is awesome.这种责任重大。She refused all responsibility for the mistake.她对这一错误拒绝承担任何责任。Later the responsibility was placed upon a man call David.后来，这责任落在了一个叫大卫的身上了。22.effective adj. 有效的；产生预期效果的 Light clothes are effective in keeping cool in warm weather. 热天穿浅色的衣服能使人感到凉快。 I think both methods are effective. 我认为两种方法都有效。23. establish vt. 建立, 创立 Friendly relationships have been established among the students. 同学们之间建立了友好的关系。 The two parties agreed to establish joint venture. 双方同意合资。24.schedule n. 计划；时间表 Mr. Taylor has a tight schedule this week. 泰勒先生本周安排很紧。 The work is going according to schedule. 工作正按预定计划进行。25. indicate v. 表示，标示 The symptoms indicate immediate surgery.症状表明急需外科手术。Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.零售市场上有史以来的最高利润显示经济的突飞猛进。Fever indicates illness.发热说明有病。26.available adj. 就近的，可获得的； 可用的 All the books in the library wll be made available to us. 图书馆中的所有书籍将供我们借阅。 All the available money has been used. 手头所有的钱都用上了。 Mike tried his best to get the latest available information on the subject. 迈克想尽一切办法获取能够获得的有关该学科的最新资料。27.investigate v. 研究，询问，调查 He has been investigated and found blameless. 他已被调查, 发现并无罪过。Scientists investigate natural phenomena.科学家研究自然现象。28. career n. 职业，一生的事业 Joe works very hard and hope to make a career. 乔非常努力地工作，希望在事业上有所成就。He has a career before him.他前程远大。29.tutor n. 1. 家庭教师 2. 导师；助教A private tutor instructed the prince and princess.一个家庭教师教王子和公主。When the students are making their choices , their tutor may well guide them. 学生们选修课程时，导师会很好地指导他们。 Phrases and Expressions 1get involved 卷入，陷入，参与Dont get involved in a political discussion when you travel abroad.当你出国旅行时，不要参与政治讨论。She likes to get involved in everything and know all the details.她事事都爱管，而且喜欢打听得详详细细的。2.drop out 退学， 辍学Nick was forced to drop out of school when his parents died in an accident.尼克的父母在一次事故中双亡，他不得不辍学。He drop out because of the pressure.由于压力太大，所以他退学了。3. due to 由于The authors name was ommitted due to oversight.由于疏忽，作者的名字被遗漏了。Mike lost his job due to bad luck.由于运气不好，迈克丢了工作。4.be/get used to 习惯于Nancy got used to the Chinese custom very soon though it was the first time she left home.尽管是第一次离开家，南希很快便适应了中国的习俗。I shall probably oversleep as I am not used to getting up so early.我可能会睡过头，因为我不习惯于起得这么早。5. interact with 与 交流The audience interact directly with the singer.听众与歌手直接交流。In order to clear up the misunderstanding, the manager decided to interact with the workers face-to-face. 为了消除误解，经理决定和工人们面对面交流。 6. keep a relationship with 和 保持关系He keep a good working relationship with his boss.他和老板保持很好的工作关系。Mr. Smith keeps a good relationship with all the customers.史密斯先生保持与所有顾客良好的关系。7. rather than 与其倒不如；宁愿, 宁可Chose to fly rather than drive.决定乘飞机去而不是开车去She seemed indifferent rather than angry.她好像是冷漠而不是愤怒。Text B What to Expect from College Life New Words and ExpressionsText B New Words 1.phase n. 阶段,时期It covers all phases of Picassos work.他记述了毕加索艺术创作的各个时期。When this happens, society enters a new phase.此事发生后，社会就进入了一个新的时期。2. expect v. 预料 预期The talks are expected to last two or three days.预期谈判将持续两三天。We are expecting rain.我们都在盼着下雨。3.surroundings n. 周围的事物；环境，气氛 He didnt pay much attention to his surroundings. 他不大关心自己周围的情况。 We hope to live in a nicer srroundings. 我们希望在更好的环境中生活。4. negotiate v. 谈判, 协商 He succeeded in negotiating British entry into the European Community. 他在英国加入欧盟的谈判中获得了成功。 I was assigned to negotiate business with you.公司委托我和你们具体洽谈业务。5.arise v. 出现,呈现,发生 A serious problem has arisen. 出现了一个严重的问题。 He promised to help Peter if the occasion arose. 他答应在必要的时候帮助彼得。6.academia n. 学术界, （尤指）大专院校 Such systems are becoming more and more common in academia. 这些体制在学术界便得越来越平常了。They were associated with academia or an academy.他们与学术界或学术有关。7.ideally adv. 理想地，完美地 They can either help or stop criticizing or, ideally, both. 他们可以帮忙或者停止批评，最理想的是能两者兼之。 He condisered himself ideally suited for the job of Prime Minister. 他认为自己出任首相最为合适。8.mature v. (情感和认识)成熟；有判断力 She has mutured into a self-possessed young woman. 她已长大成了个沉着冷静的年轻女子了。 Boys mature about the end of their sixteenth year. 男孩子大约满16足岁时就发育成熟了。9.mentally adv. 精神上, 智力上,思想上 Being physically and mentally healthy is the key factor to succeed. 身心健康是成功的关键因素。 Learning to wear contact lenses is tiring and mentally exhausting. 学戴隐形眼镜是件劳累而又伤神的事。10.equip vt. 使有所准备；使有能力 The traveller was wellequipped. 这位旅行家装备齐全。 We equip our children with a good education. 我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。11.professional adj. 专业的, 职业的 He started his professional life as a lawyer. 他开始了他作为律师的职业生涯。 Amateur and professional actors will perform on the stage tonight.今晚业余和专业演员将同台献艺。12.process n. 步骤，程序；措施，方法 The best solution can only by found by a proces of trial and error. 只有通过一个反复试验不断探索的过程才能找到最好的解决办法。 The whole world is now in a process of Westernization. 整个世界现在都处在一个西方化的过程。13.realistic adj. 现实的,实际的 David is more realistic about his future. 戴维对未来持更为现实的态度。 Be realistic and look to the future. 立足现实，展望未来。14.set-back n. 挫折； 失败阻碍发展的事物 This setback has drained away my keenness.这次挫折削弱了我的热情。He had a setback in his business.他在生意上遭到挫折15.betrayal n. 背叛；泄露；暴露It is such a betrayal for her to come and talk to you.她来找你商谈真是一种无耻的背叛行为。Forgetting the past means betrayal.忘记过去就意味着背叛。16.peer n. 同辈; 等级或地位等相同的人 Comparing students with their peers outside university, they are more likely to have emotional problems. 把大学生和他们在大学外的同龄人相比， 他们更容易产生感情上的问题。 He is more mature than his peers. 他比同龄人更成熟。17. technology n. 技术；科技；应用科学 Computer technology has brought much convenience to our work and life. 计算机技术给我们的工作和生活带来了许多方便。 Our belief in the power of modern technology makes us work harder. 们对现代技术力量的信仰使我们更努力地学习。18. concern n. 1.所关心的事；有利害关系的事2.担心；忧虑 What are the concerns of ordinary people?普通人关心的事是什么？You should not doubt your mum and dads love and concern.你不应该怀疑爸妈的爱和关心。19.theory n. 理论,学理；原理 Darwin spent more than 20 years working on his theory of evolution. 达尔文用20多年时间研究他的进化论。 The meeting with the organizer should , in theory, have taken place six months earlier. 按道理，和该组织者的会晤6个月前就该举行了。20.acquire v. （尤指通过个人的工作、技艺、行动等而） 取得，获得,得到 He tried to acquire the information he needed from the library. 他设法从图书馆获得了他所需要的信息。 We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English. 我们必须用功学习才能精通英语。21.precious adj. 宝贵的, 贵重的, 珍贵的, 珍爱的 Water is nearly as precious as gold in some places. 在有些地方，水几乎和黄金一样珍贵。 They have lost precious working time. 他们已丧失了宝贵的工作时间。 22. determination n. 判断力；决心 Going 60 days without computer games takes a lot of determination. 连续60天不玩电脑游戏需要很大的决心。 He is a man of determination. 他是个有判断力的人。Phrases and Expressionsstand on ones own (two) feet 自立;独立 This expressed their determination to stand on their own feet.这表达了他们自立更生的决心。Young as he is, he learned to stand on his own feet very soon.尽管年纪轻轻，他很快就学会了自立。ups and downs 浮沉;兴衰;荣辱 Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。Every business has its ups and downs.每一种生意均有其荣枯兴衰。Some people just cant stand the ups and downs of the stock market.有些人不能容忍股市的跌宕起伏in ones favor 对某人有利;有助于某人 The odds were in their favor. 优势在他们一边。 There is a lot that can be said in their favour. 有很多理由可以说明他们是对的。in return 作为报答 ; 作为回应 Can I buy you lunch in return for our help? 感谢你帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗？ I asked his opinion, but he just asked me a question in return. 我征求他的意见，他却只是反问了我一句。on your own 独自;单独 ;独立地 From now on you can work on your own. 你从现在起可以独立工作了。You shall do the homework on your own. 你该独立完成作业。count on sb/sth 依赖,指望(某人做某事),确信(某事会发生)You can count on me.你可以指望我。 I wouldnt count on it.我可不指望有这等好事。fully-functioning 尽其全职的，担负全部职责的researchers have speculated that a fully functioning brain can generate as much as 10 watts of electrical power. 研究者们推测一个充分运作的大脑能产生10瓦电能。Andrews spent an extra four days in the hospital until the nerves in his liver began functioning fully .安德鲁斯因此在医院又多住4天，直到其肝脏的神经开始完全正常工作。face up to sth 敢于面对,勇于正视(困难或不快之事) He was forced to face up to the situation.他只好勇敢地面对这种局面。 They were determined to face up to the difficulties.他们决心面对这些困难。We had to face up too many setbacks.我们必须勇敢地面对众多的阻碍make the most of sth/sb. 充分利用;尽情享受;充分表现We shall make the most of the opportunity.我们应充分利用这一机遇。 We should make the most of the opportunity.我们应充分利用这一机遇。 We must make the most of the fine weather.我们要充分利用这样的好天气。Stressed Words他们决定把这份工作给苏珊。They decided to offer the job to Susan.这家旅馆提供优良的服务。This hotel offers excellent service.We accept your original offer.我们接受你们最初的报价。This special offer is valid until the end of the month.这个特价优惠月底前有效。He is going to face the biggest challenge.他将要面临最大的挑战。他们学校向我们学校挑战，要进行足球比赛。Their school challenged ours to a football match.This discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项发现是对传统信念的冲击。Can you manage another piece of cake? 你还能再吃块蛋糕吗?How did you manage to get to the station on time?你是如何设法按时赶到车站来的?“要帮忙吗?” “不了,谢谢。我能行。” “Need any help?” “No, thanks. I can manage .” II. Word Building1. instruct instructor, “one who instructs”2. love lover, “someone who loves a specified person or thing”3. use user, “a person or thing that uses”4. contain container, “box, bottle ,etc. designed to contain sth.”5. garden gardener, “a person who works in a garden”6. prepare preparer, “one who prepares”7. speak speaker, “a person who makes speeches”8. plant planter, “a person who grows crops on a plantation; a machine for planting”V. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.1. to 2. with 3 out. 4. with 5 from 6. to 7. from 8. toVI. Grammar Practice1. Its impossible for him to go alone.2. Its kind of you to say so. 3.Its necessary for college students to form the habit of getting up early.4. Its wise of him to turn off the mobile in class.5. Its important to make good use of the resources in the library.VII. Cloze1-5 AABCB 6-10 DACDD 11-15 CADAA 16-20 BCABBVI. Transcriptscript1. W: Prof. Johnson, I havent been able to organize my ideas clearly.May I give you the paper a few days later?M: You know I always prefer a well-written paper even if it is late.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?2. W: Are you going to study late tonight again?M: I think I will sleep early for a change.Q: What will the man probably do in the evening?3. M: Im very worried about my examination next week.W: Dont worry, Tom. You will pass.Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 4. W: I dont think I answered the fourth question correctly on the test.M: Why worry about it? Its too late now.Q: What does the woman mean? 5. W: I dont like the book. Its so boring.M: I share your opinion.Q: How do they think of the book?6. W: Will you come to my room after lunch for a cup of tea?M: Not today, thanks. I have to prepare for the English Examination this afternoon.Q: What will the woman probably do after lunch?VI. Reading Passage Translation 课文A不存在“典型的新生”这种说法，当学生走出中学校门，就会面临许多挑战。在学习方上，大学比中学要难得多。同时，大学生活从社交的层面来说是一个很大的调整，对许多学生而言，大学是他们第一次离开家庭独自生活，正因为有这么多的新要求，合理地使用时间会就有难度。成功意味着能有效地安排上课和学习时间；工作和社交活动。恰如面临诸多挑战，新生们也有很多途径，以增加在大学里获得成功的机会参与 许多学生学习困难，甚至中途辍学，这归咎于他们把自己孤立于广大师生之外，参加俱乐部、社团组织和学习小组等，通常能较快地完成从中学生活到大学生活的转变。通过跟同龄人交流，在这个关键时刻你们能相互支持。跟教授和教学人员交流有助于你应付学习上的问题。因此，在社交和学习方面多广泛合作交流至关重要。培养学习技能大学课程对大多数新生来说已是一个极大的挑战，更不用说还要应付社交生活的变化。因此，培养有效的学习习惯常常是在校大学生是否成功的决定因素。如果可能，要与班上的同学一起学习，成立你自己的学习小组或者看看学校里是否已经有了这样的小组。许多大学都有专门提供学习技巧和方法的学习中心。如果你已经有了良好的学习习惯，那么从中学到符合大学要求的转变则会容易许多。有效地使用时间大学里最宝贵的资源就是时间。有效地计划时间十分重要。大学生要平衡好上课时间与活跃的社交生活之间的关系，通常还有工作职责。有效使用时间将有助于你设立合理的目标并获得成功。有效使用时间最好的办法之一，是制定并执行个人的时间表。它可以是一张图表，表明什么时候上课、什么时候学习、什么时候参加社交活动、什么时候工作、什么时候吃饭、睡觉等等。寻求指导 对许多大学生来说，上大学是他们第一次离开家庭。大学生活的压力很大。如你需要帮助可寻求指导， 从学习指导老师和高年级的同学那里寻求帮助，也可以跟那些已经习惯了大学生活的同学交谈。需要学习帮助的同学有许多资源可以利用。找一位学习指导老师来帮助计划你的未来，看看你需要选修什么课程。调查不同的大学，去就业指导中心看看他们需要什么。如果某门课需要帮助，跟教授和助教交谈。如果你需要额外的帮助，看看有没有家教项目。 大学生需要为自己的选择和行为负责，跟指导教师保持联系是很重要的。记住：如果遇到难题，尽早寻求指导。课文B 你能从大学生活中期盼什么?恭喜你!你已经被大学录取了.你一定兴奋异常,兴许还有点紧张。你能从大学生活中期盼什么呢?请继续往下读,看看我们的建议。为大学的新生活做好准备.走进大学的校门就像开始了人生的一个新的阶段。从此,你得学会自己处理事情。你得适应新的环境,尽量学会自立,一切事情自己做。当你跨越大学生活的沟沟坎坎时,你将学会如何应付出现的种种情况。学会享受艰难.众所周知,大学生活与中学生活差别极大,在大学里,青少年将长大成人；学校和社会相融。按理想来说,大学的时光将使你身心都日趋成熟,你将用知识武装头脑并为将来的职业生涯做好准备。这是一个富有挑战性的过程,因此,如果你期望一切都向有利于你的方面发展,这不现实。你不会每次都获奖,也不会一直都受所有同学欢迎。那些挫折和挑战失败、背叛和不公正的待遇它们就像你生活中的美好时光一样,对你的成长同样重要。你只有经历这一切,方知社会与生活之真谛。与他人交流.大学就像一个小社会,所以你必须跟同龄人交流,尽情地享受你的大学时光。学习社交比学习技术更容易,向同学们微笑,跟他们交流,表达你对他们的关心,这样,作为回报，他们也会乐意帮助你。自己承担责任.你正逐步成为社会上一个具有完全行为能力的人,别再指望他人帮你拿主意,做计划。你是自己的主人。作为一名具有主动性的学生,你应该从大学生活一开始就计划好你的生活,处理好你的学习.遇到麻烦不要躲避,要勇敢地面对它.大学是你人生重要的时期,充分地利用。从现实生活中你学到的东西会和你从课本上学到的东西一样多,正如