英语重点短语用法详解.doc

七年级主要短语及用法1. be interested in doing sth. = be keen on doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣；热衷于做某事l He is interested in singing. = He is keen on singing.l They are interested in dancing. = They are keen on dancing.doing-表示动词的现在分词（-ing形式）；即在这个短语中，动词必须用现在分词。动词变为ing形式分几大类，具体分类第二单元语法课件里有详细讲解。l I am interested in playing basketball. = I am keen on playing basketball. l Are you interested in playing the piano? - No, I am not.钢琴属于西洋乐器，所以在play后面要加the；而球类运动（如basketball等）则不用 be interested in sth. = be keen on sth. 对某物感兴趣；热衷于某物l Fred is interested in sports. = Fred is keen on sports.l Our teachers are interested in music. = Our teachers are keen on music. 当需要表达的意思是对某物体感兴趣时，不需要加动词，直接加名词或名词短语即可。2. come from = be from 来自于.l She comes from China. = She is from China.主语是第三人称单数，动词后要加s；句中有be动词时，要用is（过去时用was）l She doesnt come from China. = She is not from China. 变为否定句时，要注意句中是否有be动词：有be动词时，直接在be动词后加not；没有be动词时，则需添加一个助动词（do / does），然后在助动词后加not.l Does she come from China? = Is she from China?变为疑问句时，句子中如果有be动词，就将be动词提到主语前，句尾加问号；如果没有be动词，则需添加助动词（do / does）并放到句首，同时，句中的动词必须变为原形。（comes come）l This movie was based on a real story. = This movie was from a real story. = This movie came from a real story.这部电影是根据一个真实故事改编的。（这部电影来自一个真实的故事）be based on.意思是“以.为基础”；在例句的这种情况中，可以用be from和come from来替换。（其它时候不可以替换）电影的改编过程，通常都是已经完成的事情，所以大多用过去式。 be动词的过去式为was, were；动词过去式大部分直接加ed，但也有少数特殊变化。l Was this movie based on a real story? = Was this movie from a real story? = Did this movie come from a real story?变为疑问句时，特别要注意动词的时态；动词过去式决定助动词必须用did. 3. pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物(sth.)传/递给某人(sb.)l Can you pass me the cup please? = Can you pass the cup to me please? Can意思是“能够”，属于情态动词。只要有情态动词，动词永远都用原形，不再受主语影响l Tom passed his brother a pen just now. = Tom passed a pen to his brother just now. just now意为“刚才”，说明句子是过去时，所以动词要变过去式l Did Tom pass his brother the pen just now?= Did Tom pass the pen to his brother just now? 过去时，句中没有“be动词”，变疑问句时要用“助动词”did4. each other = one another 彼此，互相l We always help each other. = We always help one another.句中有频率副词always，表示习惯性的动作，说明句子是一般现在时主语不是第三人称单数，所以动词用原形频率副词（由高至低排列）：always usually often sometimes seldom never 总是 通常 经常 有时候 很少 从不l Do trees often communicate with each other?= Do trees often communicate with one another?句中有频率副词often，说明这是一般现在时的句子主语不是第三人称单数，所以动词用原形句中没有be动词，变疑问句时要用助动词dol They trusted each other two years ago. = They trusted one another two years ago.句中有表示时间的短语two years ago，说明这是过去时的句子，动词trust要变过去式l Did they trust each other two years ago? =Did they trust one another two years ago?过去时的句子，句中没有be动词时，变疑问句时要用助动词did5. Why not do sth. ? = Why dont you do sth. ? 不如.（提建议）l Why not walk to school? = Why dont you walk to school?这两个句子的共同点在于，动词都要用原形；而不同点也很明显，Why not后面直接加动词，但是如果是Why dont，则必须要加上对于听取这条建议的人的称呼，即例句中的you，然后再加动词。6. be famous for. = be well-known for. 以.而闻名l Beijing is famous for the Great Wall. = Beijing is well-known for the Great Wall.这两个短语之所以意思相同，仅仅是因为famous和well-known这两个单词意思相同；而短语里的其他部分（be动词和介词for）是完全不变的。注意well-known的拼写，这是一个独立的单词，中间的短横线“-”一定要写上！7. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.= provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物l Our school offers us books and classrooms.= Our school offers books and classrooms to us.这个例句中对应的sb.是us，而sth.则是books and classrooms主语（our school）是第三人称单数，所以动词（offer）要加s（offers）；us是we的宾格，“我们”是在学校里使用书本和教室的人，是“提供”这个动作的承受者，所以要用宾格；人称代词的宾格在第一单元课件中有详细列表，请自行查阅。l Our school provides us with books and classrooms.主语（our school）是第三人称单数，所以动词（provide）要加s（provides）；provide这个词本身有“提供”的意思，要为他人提供某物，首先必须准备好该物品；为了便于解释，我们暂时将它定义为“做准备”。provides us：给我们做准备那么，用什么为我们做准备呢？这里涉及到一个伴随的条件，或者说使用的工具，我们用“with”加“具体物品”表示。l Our school provides books and classrooms for vides books and classrooms：准备书本和教室准备这些东西给谁用？为了谁而准备这些物品呢？当然是为了学生，也就是句中的我们“us”；为了某人，用“for”加人称或人名来表示。8. enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得开心短语中的oneself表示反身代词：“某人自己”，但oneself这个词绝不会出现在句子中；反身代词一共有8个：单数5个（f结尾），复数3个（ves结尾）；具体内容在第一单元课件中有表格，使用时应根据句子中文意思选择正确的反身代词。l We enjoyed ourselves at the beach yesterday. = We had fun at the beach yesterday.= We had a good time at the beach yesterday.写同义句时，动词的时态必须保持一致；不同的短语被替换掉的部分不同，做题时，观察原句必须做到细致、到位。l Did you enjoy yourselves at the beach yesterday?= Did you have fun at the beach yesterday?= Did you have a good time at the beach yesterday?改为一般疑问句时，首先观察句中有没有be动词，这几个例句中都没有be动词，所以全都需要在句首加上助动词；接下来观察句中动词的时态；此处为过去式，所以助动词必须用did，同时注意把动词全都变为原形。陈述句中主语为第一人称时，变成疑问句后人称要同时发生变化，全部变为第二人称。（we you , ourselves yourselves）9. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给（某人）买（某物）l Her father bought her a book last week. = Her father bought a book for her last week.例句中的sb.为her，sth.为a book；bought a book意思为“买了一本书”这本书是为谁而买的呢？这里用介词“for”加“具体的某人”来表示。l Did her father buy her a book last week? = Did her father buy a book for her last week?句中没有be动词，且动词是过去式，变为一般疑问句时，直接在句首加上助动词did，同时,句中的动词（bought）变为原形（buy），句尾加问号“？”。10. more than = over 超过. / 多于.l My father is more than 50 years old. = My father is over 50 years old.l There are more than 20 students here. = There are over 20 students here.这个短语后面的名词，通常都是可数复数形式在写同义句的时候，注意看清楚替换部分是哪几个单词11. be as as = be (have) the same as V（动词）+ as . as . = have the same . as .和.一样.l Lily is as old as Susan. = Lily is (has) the same age as Susan. l My dog is as heavy as the baby. = My dog is (has) the same weight as the baby.l I was as tall as you last year. = I was (had) the same height as you last year.l This bag is as big as that one. = This bag is (has) the same size as that one.l The ruler is as long as the pen. = The ruler is (has) the same length as the pen.l He runs as quickly as my brother. = He has the same speed as my brother.be动词和动词have的时态必须保持一致。be as.as 中间用形容词 V.（动词）+ as.as 中间用副词be / have the same.as 中间用名词常用搭配：old.age.年龄 he