Metal + Oxygen：金属离子的氧.doc

4Chemical EquationsInorganic reactionsMetal + OxygenCa(s) + O2(g) CaO(s)Metal + H2O(l) / H2O(g)Na(s) + H2O(l) NaOH(aq) + H2(g)Mg(s) + H2O(g) MgO(s) + H2(g)Metal + dil. AcidZn(s) + HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)Ionic: Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g)Al(s) + H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2(g)Fe(s) + 2HNO3(aq) Fe(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)Acid + CO32-(aq) / HCO3-(aq)2HCl + Ca(HCO3)2(aq) CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2CO2(g)2HNO3(aq) + CaCO3(aq) Ca(NO3)2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)Ionic: 2H+(aq) + CaCO3(s) Ca2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)NeutralizationHCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)Ionic: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)Ionic: CuO(s) + 2H+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + H2O(l)NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) NH4Cl(aq)Alkali + metal ionsNiSO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Ni(OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)Ionic: Ni2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Ni(OH)2(s)ZnSO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) + Na2SO4(aq)Ionic: Zn2+(aq) + OH-(aq) Zn(OH)2(s)Zn(OH)2(s) + 2NaOH(aq) Zn(OH)42-(aq) + 2Na+(aq)Ionic: Zn(OH)2(s) + 2OH-(aq) Zn(OH)42-(aq)Precipitation reactionAgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)Ionic: Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)Others:Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) AgBr(s)Ag+(aq) + I-(aq) AgI(s)Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Ionic: Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) PbCl2(s)BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)Ionic: Ba2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) BaSO4(s)Others:Ca2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) CaSO4(s)Pb2+(aq) + SO42-(aq) PbSO4(s)Other redox reactions2MnO4-(aq) + 10Br-(aq) + 16H+(aq)2Mn2+(aq) + 5Br2(aq) + 8H2(g)Cr2O72-(aq) + SO32-(aq) + 8H+(aq)2Cr3+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + H2O(l)Metal displacement reactionsCu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)Reduction of metal oxides2CuO(s) + C(s) 2Cu(s) + CO2(g)PbO(s) + H2(g) Pb(s) + H2O(l)Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)Reactions of conc. H2SO4(l)As dehydrating agentC12H22O11(s) 12C(s) + 11H2O(g)As oxidizing agentC(s) + 2H2SO4(l) CO2(g) + 2SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)Cu(s) + 2H2SO4(l) CuSO4(aq) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)Ionic: Cu + 4H+ + SO42- Cu2+ + SO2 + 2H2OReactions of dil. /conc. HNO3(aq) as oxidizing agentCu(s) + 8HNO3(2M) 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)Ionic: 3Cu(s) + 8H+ + 2NO3-(2M) 3Cu2+(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)Cu(s) + 4HNO3(14M) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)Ionic: Cu(s) + 4H+ + 2NO3-(14M) Cu2+(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)Zinc-carbon cellZn(s) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2MnO2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) + Mn2O3(s) + H2O(l)Alkaline manganese cellZn(s) + 2MnO2(s) Mn2O3(s) + ZnO(s)Silver oxide cellZn(s) + Ag2O(s) ZnO(s) + 2Ag(s)MiscellaneousC(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)Carbon dioxide + lime water milkyCa(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)Excess carbon dioxideCaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) Ca(HCO3)2(aq)Strongly heat limestoneCaCO3(s)CaO(s) + H2O(g)Slaking of calcium oxide (quicklime) to produce calcium hydroxide (slake lime)CaO(s) + H2O(l)Ca(OH)2(s)Decomposition of baking soda by strong heat2NaHCO3(s)CO2(g) + Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g)Organic reactionsCombustion of hydrocarbonsCxHy + (x + y/4) O2(g) x CO2(g) + y/2 H2O(l)Substitution reaction - alkane + halogen under UVCH4 + Br2 CH3Br + HBrCH3Br + Br2 CH2Br2 + HBrCH2Br + Br2 CHBr3 + HBrCHBr3 + Br2 CBr4 + HBrAddition reactionAlkene + halogenH2C=CH2 + Br2 CH2BrCH2BrAlkene + MnO4-/H+H2C=CH2 + H2O + O CH2(OH)CH2(OH)Fermentation of glucose to ethanolC6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2Oxidation of alkanol to alkanolic acidCH3CH2OH + O CH3CHO + H2OCH3CHO + O CH3COOHEsterificationH+CH3COOH + CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3 + H2OAddition polymerizationReactions involving air pollutionAcid rainSO