[文学]高英第二册教案.doc

TEACHING PLANFORADVANCED ENGLISHBOOK TWO FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGESNINGBO UNIVERSITY TABLE OF CONTENTS Unit 1 Marrakech George OrwellBackground InformationThe AuthorMarrakechWords and ExpressionsExcersisesUnit 2 Inaugural Address . John F. KennedyBackground InformationKennedyWords and ExpressionsConstitution of the United Stated of America, Article 2, Section 125ExercisesUnit 3 Love is a Fallacy . Max ShulmanThe Story.Lamb, CharlesWords and ExpressionsExercises2Unit 4 The Libido for the ugly . H. L. MenckenNew Words and ExpressionsExercisesUnit 5 The Sad Young Men . Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. EdwardsBackgroun InformationWords and Expressions Exercises 111 Advance English Book 1Unit 1 MarrakechBackground InformationThe AuthorGeorge Orwell: pseudonym of ERIC ARTHUR BLAIR (b. 1903, Motihari, Bengal, India-d. Jan. 21, 1950, London), English novelist, essayist, and critic famous for his novels Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), the latter a profound anti-Utopian novel that examines the dangers of totalitarian rule.He was born in Bengal, into the class of sahibs. His father was a minor British official in the Indian civil service; his mother was the daughter of an unsuccessful teak merchant in Burma. Orwell was thus brought up in an atmosphere of impoverished snobbery. After returning with his parents to England, he was sent in 1911 to a preparatory boarding school on the Sussex coast, where he was distinguished among the other boys by his poverty and his intellectual brilliance. He grew up a morose, withdrawn, eccentric boy, and he was later to tell of the miseries of those years in his posthumously published autobiographical essay, Such, Such Were the Joys (1953).Orwell won scholarships to two of Englands leading schools, Winchester and Eton, and chose the latter. Iit was at Eton that he published his first writing in college periodicals. Instead of accepting a scholarship to a university, Orwell decided to follow family tradition and, in 1922, went to Burma as assistant district superintendent in the Indian Imperial Police. He served in a number of country stations and at first appeared to be a model imperial servant. Yet from boyhood he had wanted to become a writer, and when he realized how much against their will the Burmese were ruled by the British, he felt increasingly ashamed of his role as a colonial police officer. Later he was to recount his experiences and his reactions to imperial rule in his novel Burmese Days and in two brilliant autobiographical sketches, Shooting an Elephant and A Hanging, classics of expository prose. In 1927 Orwell, on leave to England, decided not to return to Burma, and on Jan. 1, 1928, he took the decisive step of resigning from the imperial police. Already in the autumn of 1927 he had started on a course of action that was to shape his character as a writer. Having felt guilty that the barriers of race and caste had prevented his mingling with the Burmese, he thought he could expiate some of his guilt by immersing himself in the life of the poor and outcast people of Europe. Donning ragged clothes, he went into the East End of London to live in cheap lodging houses among labourers and beggars; he spent a period in the slums of Paris and worked as a dishwasher in French hotels and restaurants; he tramped the roads of England with professional vagrants and joined the people of the London slums in their annual exodus to work in the Kentish hopfields. Returning to England, Orwell showed a paradoxically conservative strain in writing Coming Up for Air (1939), in which he uses the nostalgic recollections of a middle-aged man to examine the decency of a past England and express his fears about a future threatened by war and fascism. When war did come, Orwell was rejected for military service, and instead he headed the Indian service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). He left the BBC in 1943 and became literary editor of the Tribune, a left-wing socialist paper associated with the British Labour leader Aneurin Bevan. At this period Orwell was a prolific journalist, writing many newspaper articles and reviews, together with serious criticism, like his classic essays on Charles Dickens and on boys weeklies and a number of books about England (notably The Lion and the Unicorn, 1941) that combined patriotic sentiment with the advocacy of a libertarian, decentralist socialism very much unlike that practiced by the British Labour Party. In 1944 Orwell finished Animal Farm, a political fable based on the story of the Russian Revolution and its betrayal by Joseph Stalin. In this book a group of barnyard animals overthrow and chase off their exploitative human masters and set up an egalitarian society of their own. Eventually the animals intelligent and power-loving leaders, the pigs, subvert the revolution and form a dictatorship whose bondage is even more oppressive and heartless than that of their former human masters. (All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.) At first Orwell had difficulty finding a publisher for this small masterpiece, but when it appeared in 1945 Animal Farm made him famous and, for the first time, prosperous. Animal Farm was one of Orwells finest works, full of wit and fantasy and admirably written. It has, however, been overshadowed by his last book, Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), a novel he wrote as a warning after years of brooding on the twin menaces of Nazism and Stalinism. Orwell wrote the last pages of Nineteen Eighty-four in a remote house on the Hebridean island of Jura, which he had bought from the proceeds of Animal Farm. He worked between bouts of hospitalization for tuberculosis, of which he died in a London hospital in January 1950. ( G.W./Ed.)Marrakechalso spelled MARRAKESH, chief city of southern Morocco. One of Moroccos four imperial cities, it lies in the centre of the fertile, irrigated Haouz plain, south of the Wadi Tensift.Marrakech, misnamed Morocco by Europeans, gave its name to the kingdom of which it was for long the capital.Words and ExpressionsCloud 5A great number of birds, insects, persons, etc., moving together. . 6A thing that obscures or conceals.thread v.t. Make ones way through (a narrow or obstructed passage, a crowd, etc.). . bv.t. & i. Make (ones way) through a narrow or obstructed passage, a crowd, etc. Freq. foll. by through.Examples Lizards thread the sunken maze. The scarlet men.were threading among the men of the congregation.He threaded his way through the shoppers. Pomegranate1 aThe large roundish fruit of the tree Punica granatum (family Punicaceae), with a golden or orange red-tinged leathery rind and numerous seeds, each surrounded by a somewhat acid reddish pulp. . bThe tree which bears this fruit, native to SW Asia and widely naturalized in the Mediterranean area. Also pomegranate tree. wail 1v.i. Express pain, grief, etc., by prolonged high-pitched cries; utter a wail or wails. . 2v.i. & t. Lament or complain persistently and bitterly, say lamentingly, (that). . 3v.i. Grieve bitterly. (Foll. by at, for.) . 4v.t. Feel deep sorrow for (a situation, event, etc.); mourn the loss of (a dead person etc.); bewail, lament. Now poet. & rhet. . 5v.i. Of the wind, music, a bird, etc.: give out a mournful sound like a person wailing. . 6v.i. Of a jazz or rock musician: play very well or with great feeling. Also foll. by away. US slang. .wailer n. a person who wails; spec. a professional mourner: . waily a. (rare) ( a) dial. full of woe; ( b)(of a sound) resembling a wail:Examples 1Guardian She didnt just cry. She wailed.2 He went on wailing, complaining of his lot as a child complains.I wish I was dead, wailed the poor creature.4 Well then might Psyche wail her wretched fate.chant 1A song; singing. . 2Mus. A short musical passage in two or more phrases each with a reciting note to which any number of syllables may be sung, for singing unmetrical words; a psalm, canticle, etc., so sung. . 3A measured monotonous song, a musical recitation of words; a singsong intonation in talk. Examples 1 MILTON Chant of tuneful birds.2 Ambrosian chant, Gregorian chant, etc. 3 GEO. ELIOT The clear-cut, emphatic chant which makes a truth doubly telling in Scottish utterance. Rhyming chants survive, to accompany the gamesappeal 6Be attractive or pleasing. Examples 5 G. B. SHAW The Sunday papers.appealed almost exclusively to the lower middle class.I. MURDOCH Appealing to Doras better nature may turn out to be a difficult operation. bier 2A movable frame on which a coffin or corpse is placed before burial or cremation; a support on which a coffin or corpse is carried to the grave.hack Iv.t. 1Cut or chop with heavy blows in a rough or random fashion; mangle or mutilate by jagged cuts. (Foll. by at, away, down, off, etc.) . bspec. in Agric. Break or plough up the surface of (the ground); hoe in (seed); reap (a crop).Examples 1 J. M. BARRIE Crichton and Treherne.hacking and hewing the bamboo.making a clearing.A. J. TOYNBEE To hack ones way with a machete through hundreds of miles of jungle. oblong Aadj. Elongated in one direction; esp. rectangular with adjacent sides unequal; (of a sheet of paper, a picture, etc.) rectangular with the breadth greater than the height. . Bn. An oblong figure or object; esp. an oblong rectangle.dump 1v.i. & t. Fall or drop with sudden force; plunge. Only in 3v.t. Throw down in a lump; deposit unceremoniously; tip out (rubbish etc.); drop, esp. with a bump. Orig. US. .Examples 3 Oakroyds reply.was to fetch his bag of tools and dump it down at the others feet. Industrial waste dumped into a river can turn up.thousands of miles away in the ocean. He.decided to dump the whole o the laps of his superiors.b P. CAREY There was a surfeit and.talk of dumping grain on the world market.c D. STIVENS Youve dumped plenty of fellows before. fling IIv.t. 5Throw (lit. & fig.), hurl, cast, toss, propel, esp. with violence, malice, or recklessness. Freq. w. advs. 8Throw (oneself) at, down, into, on, etc.; fig. throw (oneself, ones efforts) into an activity etc. . 9Get the better of; cheat, swindle. slang. -. 10Throw down to the ground; esp. (of a horse) throw (a rider).fling down throw to the ground; overthrow; demolish. fling off abandon, disown; throw off the scent. fling open open suddenly or violently.Examples 5 Fling dirt enough, and some will stick.T. HARDY She flung a cloak round her.QUILLER-COUCH I flung a short glance downward at the birches and black water.S. LEWIS The February city, where lorries flung up a spattering of slush.J. BUCHAN They would fling me a question or two about South Africa.6 E. FEINSTEIN She flung her arms round me, and sobbed. 8 LYTTON I flung myself into his arms and wept.J. RATHBONE He flung himself back in his chair.J. She had flung all her energies into the rebellion.9 He cannot fling his worthy associate out of the whole spoil.10 His horse started, flung him, and fell upon him. . lumpy 1Full of lumps; (of water) cut up by the wind into small waves. . 2Having an outline or shape characterized by lumps or roundish protuberances; having a heavy and clumsy appearance. Examples 1Listener A lumpy swell and a Force Eight wind.P. BAILEY If theres one thing I cant abide, its lumpy porridge. 2 The legs had the ex-dancers hard lumpy calves. hummocky 1Having many hummocks, characterized by hummocks. . 2Resembling a hummock. .Examples 1 P. D. JAMES The garden, twenty yards of unmown grass, hummocky as a field. 2J. GEIKIE Even the projecting masses of rock.present a rounded hummocky aspect. derelict Aadj. 1Forsaken, abandoned by the owner, occupier, etc.; (of a ship) abandoned at sea; (esp. of property) dilapidated, decrepit, neglected. Bn. 1A piece of property abandoned by the owner, occupier, etc.; a ship abandoned at sea. 2A forsaken person; esp. a person abandoned or disregarded by society, a vagrant, a social outcast.Examples 1 A few derelict cars.stood about on the roads.He loved its derelict splendours, the huge ornate neglected mansions of a vanished bourgeoisie.derelict land Law land left dry by the recession of the sea etc. 2N. BAWDEN If.you yourself have been derelict in your duty.2 BROWNING Misuse me, your derelict.Derelicts and old men lounge here to watch the strangers go by. literal 2(Of a translation, version, transcript, etc.) representing the very words of the original, verbally exact; (of a representation in art or literature) exactly copied, true to life, realistic. . 3That is so in its literal sense, without metaphor, exaggeration, or inaccuracy; literally so called; colloq. so called with some exaggeration etc.Examples 1 S. BECKETT True there was never much talk of the heart, literal or figurative.N. PODHORETZ The literal meaning of Torah lishma may be learning for its own sake, but the true, the theological meaning of the idea is studying the revealed word of God for the sake of heaven.His literal illustration of The Song of Songs aroused a Catholic controversy.2 The common way.is not a literal Translation, but a kind of Paraphrase.These extremely literal animal forms are accompanied by symbolic human figures.3 E. A. FREEMAN The literal extirpation of a nation is an impossibility.Do you suppose that the Prime Minister, when he thinks hell have to go to war with Germany, tells the literal truth?4 It is not safe to take Tolstoys diaries as a literal record of events. flesh II 7People of the same kindred or descent collectively; (one of) ones family. Now rare exc. in one flesh, flesh and blood below. 10The animal or physical nature of man; human nature as subject to material needs and limitations. 11The sensual appetites and inclinations as opp. to those of mind and soul; the carnal nature of man.Phrases: all flesh whatever has bodily life. a thorn in ones flesh, a thorn in the flesh: seeTHORN n. 1b. flesh and blood n. ( a)humankind; the body or its material; human nature with its emotions and infirmities; ( b) ones (own) near relatives, descendants, or ancestors.Examples 7 SHELLEY What, if we.were his own flesh, His children and his wife? 8 . Much Ado As pretty a piece of flesh as any is in Messina.He.visits worlds which flesh cannot enter.9 Though.wormes destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God. My frighted flesh trembles to dust.undifferentiated Not differentiated or distinguished; without distinguishing features; amorphous.Examples They were.undifferentiated like birds of the same plumage coral An. I 1A usu. hard calcareous substance secreted by many marine polyps as an external skeleton for support and habitation, and occurring in both single specimens and extensive accumulations; a similar substance produced by other lime-secreting marine organisms. Orig. spec. the red variety of this.coral island: formed by the accumulation of coral on a coral reef or an undersea mountain top; coral-limestone coralline limestone; coral pea any leguminous plant of the genus Kennedia, which comprises trailing and climbing shrubs native to Australia and bearing showy, usu. red, flowers; coral-pink a. & n. (of) the colour of red coral; coral-plant coral tree break 15v.t. Burst (a barrier) so as to force a way through. Usu. w. advs. . bMake (a hole, a passage, a trail, a way, etc.) by force, by separating obstacles, etc. Examples 15 They.sighd forth proverbs-That hunger broke stone walls.The doors were instantly broke open.17 BURKE Am I to congratulate an highwayman.who has broke prison, upon the recovery of his natural rights? prickly 1 aHaving prickles, covered with prickles; causing a prickling sensation. . bfig. (Of a topic, argument, etc.) full of contentious or irritating points; (of a person) quick to react angrily, touchy.prickly pear any of various usu. very spiny cacti constituting the genus Opuntia, with jointed stems freq. having flattened segments; the fleshy, freq. edible fruit of such a plant.Examples 1a Prickly grasses and stunted brush tore at bare legs.I sat and sweated on the prickly car seats. bump 1 aan irregular prominence on a road, cricket pitch, etc. . cThe protruding abdomen of a pregnant woman. colloq.L20.a. with a bump fig. abruptly, with a shock.Comb.: gazelle Any of various small graceful soft-eyed usu. fawn and white antelopes of Africa and Asia, of the subfamily Antilopinae, esp. any of those of the genera Gazella and Procapra. mint An. 1(The leaves of) any of various aromatic often moisture-loving labiate plants of the genus Mentha, which bear lilac flowers and include spearmint, peppermint, and other culinary herbs; . 2A sweet or chocolate flavoured with an extract of such a plant, esp. peppermint. Battrib. or as adj. Flavoured with, or containing mint; of the colour of mint. .Special collocations & comb.: mint cake ( a)a very thin sweet cake flavoured with chopped fresh mint; mint julep (chiefly US) an iced alcoholic drink flavoured with fresh mint. mint sauce ( a)finely chopped mint in vinegar and sugar, usu. eaten with roast lamb; nibble Av. 1 av.t. Take small bites of, bite away gradually, bite at tentatively, delicately, or playfully. . bv.i. Take small repeated bites, bite something away gradually, bite at something tentatively, delicately, or playfully. Also, eat frequently in small amounts, esp. snacks etc. . cv.t. Shape into, produce, by nibbling. . d nibble at show tentative interest in. nibble off remove with small bitesExamples 1a T. HARDY The bases of the trees were nibbled bare by rabbits.P. READING Encircl