主要统计指标解释.doc

膂莆蒆螆芅薂螄螅羄莅蚀螅膇薀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁螂肁蒁螇螁膃芄蚃螀芆蒀蕿衿羅节蒅衿肈蒈螃袈芀芁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁袅膄薄蒇袄芆莇螆袃羆薃蚂羃肈莆薈羂膁薁蒄羁莃莄袃羀肃芇蝿罿膅蒂蚅羈芇芅薁羇羇蒀蒆羇聿芃螅肆膂葿蚁肅芄节薇肄羄蒇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螈肂莀莈蚄肁肀薄薀蚇膂莆蒆螆芅薂螄螅羄莅蚀螅膇薀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁螂肁蒁螇螁膃芄蚃螀芆蒀蕿衿羅节蒅衿肈蒈螃袈芀芁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁袅膄薄蒇袄芆莇螆袃羆薃蚂羃肈莆薈羂膁薁蒄羁莃莄袃羀肃芇蝿罿膅蒂蚅羈芇芅薁羇羇蒀蒆羇聿芃螅肆膂葿蚁肅芄节薇肄羄蒇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螈肂莀莈蚄肁肀薄薀蚇膂莆蒆螆芅薂螄螅羄莅蚀螅膇薀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁螂肁蒁螇螁膃芄蚃螀芆蒀蕿衿羅节蒅衿肈蒈螃袈芀芁蝿袇莂薆蚅袆肂荿薁袅膄薄蒇袄芆莇螆袃羆薃蚂羃肈莆薈羂膁薁蒄羁莃莄袃羀肃芇蝿罿膅蒂蚅羈芇芅薁羇羇蒀蒆羇聿芃螅肆膂葿蚁肅芄节薇肄羄蒇薃肃膆莀袂肂芈薅螈肂莀莈蚄肁肀薄薀蚇膂莆蒆螆芅薂螄螅羄莅蚀螅膇薀蚆螄艿蒃薂螃莁芆袁螂肁蒁螇螁膃芄蚃螀芆蒀蕿 主 要 统 计 指 标 解 释居民消费价格指数 居民消费价格是指城乡居民支付生活消费品和服务项目消费的价格，是社会产品和服务项目的最终价格。因此，居民消费价格指数是反映一定时期内城乡居民消费品和服务项目价格变动趋势和程度的相对数。利用居民消费价格指数，可以观察和分析居民生活消费品及服务项目价格的变动对城乡居民生活的影响，为各级党政领导掌握居民消费价格状况，研究和制定居民消费价格政策、工资政策、货币政策以及为国民经济核算提供科学依据。居民消费价格指数还是反映通货膨胀的重要指标。商品零售价格指数 商品的零售价格是商品在流通过程中的最后一个环节的价格，是工业、商业、餐饮业和其他零售企业向城乡居民、机关团体出售生活消费品和办公用品的价格。因此，商品零售价格指数是全面反映市场零售物价总水平变动趋势和程度的相对数。其目的在于掌握零售商品的价格变动状况，为国家制定经济政策、研究城乡市场流通和为国民经济核算提供科学依据。服务项目价格 是居民的非商品服务性支出的价格。服务项目包括：电信费、邮费、交通费、洗理美容费、文娱费、学杂保育费、修理及其他服务费、医疗保健服务费等八个小类。目前，我国现行的居民消费价格指数和商品零售价格指数是采用两套指数分开编制同步进行的方法，两个价格指数分别拥有自己相对独立的商品目录、分类和权数，分月计算编制月度指数，年度计算平均指数，具体步骤是：1.选择调查商店和市场：据国家统计局“价格调查方案”规定，大中城市要选择3-4个经营品种齐全、零售额大，可左右市场价格的中心市场和若干不同商品的专业商场，并选择3-5个有代表性的农贸市场作为价格调查点。2.选择代表商品及其代表规格品：国家按商品划类选样法，选择各类有代表性的商品，各地在代表商品集团中选择与居民生活密切相关，消费量大、生产供应比较稳定、价格变动有代表性趋势的规格品或价格变动趋势频繁的特殊的代表规格品。如：食品类中的猪肉为国家选定的代表商品，江苏省选定猪肉中的代表规格品为去骨后腿肉。目前我国编制的居民消费价格指数中的商品项目有8大类(325种)：食品类、衣着类、家庭设备和用品类、医疗保健类、交通及通信工具类、娱乐教育文化用品类、居住类及服务项目类。商品零售价格指数中的商品项目有14大类(353种)：食品类、饮料烟酒类、服装鞋帽类、纺织品类、中西药品类、化妆品类、书报杂志类、文化体育用品类、日用品类、家用电器类、首饰类、燃料类、建筑装璜材料类、机电产品类。3.采集价格资料：调查人员直接到商店柜台、集市摊位采集登记当天成交价格。采价原则：直接采价、定时定点、同质可比、实际成交。国家规定，对工业消费品每月采价2次，对鲜活商品每月6次，对服务项目、居住类每月1次。4.计算平均价格：每一商品必须有3-4个零售点的价格加以平均。5.权数的确定及指数的计算：权数，又称比重，是权衡每个商品项目重要性的统计指标，居民消费价格指数的权数根据城乡住户消费支出构成资料计算，商品零售价格指数的权数根据批零贸易、餐饮业综合统计中社会消费品零售额构成资料和典型调查资料计算。确定了商品权数、分类权数后，即可根据商品报告期和基期(对比期)价格计算单个商品价格指数，然后进行加权平均，逐一计算出类指数和总指数。注：本部分物价指数城市指市区、农村指常熟。EXPLANATORY NOTES ON MAIN STATISTICAL INDICATORSConsumer Price Index refers to the consumption price for living necessities and services by people in urban and rural areas. It is the ultimate price of consumer goods and services. Thus it reflects the relative change in prices of consumer goods and services purchased by urban and rural families and can be used to observe and analyse the impact of price changes in consumer goods and services on living expenditure and actual charge in urban and rural households. The index also provides basis for government leaders on all levels in their policymaking concerning the living cost, the wages, currency and national economy accounting the index also serves as a key norm in inflation.Retail Price Index refers to the last price of goods in the circulation. It is the price that industry, commerce, catering trade and other retail enterprises sell consumer goods and appliances to urban and rural residents, institutions and social organizations. The index thus reflects the relative change of the price in retail markets and as a result the index provides basis for the government on the policymaking, studies of market circulation in urban and rural areas, and national economy accounting.Service Price refers to the residents expenditure on nonconsumergoods service, including telecommunication, postage, transportation, laundry and hairdressing, entertainment, schooling and babysitting, repair, and health care.Presently in China, there are two different sets of indices for consumer price and retail sale price, each having its own commodity catalog, classification and weight. They are monthly summarized for the annual average index.Procedures:1.Choose representative store and market:According to the policy regulated by State Statistics Bureau, there should be decided three to four central markets in large and mediumsized cities tat have satisfactory variety of goods, large volume of retail sale and can influence the market price and several specialized department stores. Besides, there to five agricultural products markets should be chosen for price survey.2.Choose representative goods and correspondent dimension items: According to the national classification of goods, the state decides the representatives. Local departments then choose the dimension items that have close relationship with peoples life, large consumption, steady supply, and representative change of price; and special representative dimension items that have frequent price change. Take food for example. Pork is chosen by the state as representative goods and clear hind leg in Jiangsu Province is chosen as the dimension item.Presently in China there are 8 categories (325 items) in the consumer price index classification, including food, clothes, household appliances, medical care, transportation and telecommunication, entertainment and cultural products, dwelling and service. The retail index classification includes 14 categories (353 items), including food; drinks, cigarettes and alcohol; clothes, shoes and hats; textiles; Chinese and western medicine; cosmetics; books, newspapers, and magazines; cultural and sports products; daily necessities; household electric appliance; jewelry; fuels; building decoration materials; and electromechanical products.3.collect price data: The inquirers go directly to the counters, stalls to collect the turnover price of the day. Principles for price collecting are as follows: direct collection; fixed time and place; same comparable quality; and actual turnover. The state regulates it that for price collecting there should be twice for industrial consumer goods; 6 times for fresh and living goods; once for service and dwelling items.4.Work out the average price: referring to the average of 3-4 retail prices.5.The calculation of weight and index: Weight is a statistics index to decide the significance of each goods item. The weight of consumer price index is calculated according to the consumption expenditure of urban and rural households. The weight retail price index is calculated according to the materials of the sales volume of social consumer goods and typical survey materials. After deciding the weight of goods and classification, the individual price inde