肖家良桥的设计和计算--道路桥梁与渡河工程毕业论文英文版.docx

第三部分:毕业设计（论文）总报告(Part III: Senior Project Final Report)报告名称(Report Title)肖家良桥的设计和计算(Design/Analysis of Xiaojialiang bridge)学生姓名(Student Name)NIE YANGMING学号(Student No.)201221090121学院(College)公路学院 (Highway School)专业(Major)道路桥梁与渡河工程(Highway & Bridge Engineering)2月29 日 至 6 月12 日 共 16 周(From February29th to June 12thTotal 16 weeks)指导教师(签字) Advisor (Signature)教学院长(签字)Advisor (Signature)年(Year) 月(Month) 日 (Date)1.BACKGROUND21.1 Bridge background21.2 Basic Design Data41.3Design technology51.3.1CAD51.3.2 MIDAS51.3.3 Ansys61.4Limit states of structures72.SCHEME COMPARISON72.1 Technical indexes:72.2 Main materials:72.3 Design date82.4 Design principal82.5 Design scheme92.5.1 Arch bridge92.5.2 Cable-stayed bridge112.5.3 Simple supported bridge122.6Final design133. SIZE FORMULATION143.1 Measurement143.2 Section and section size preparation153.3 Main girder section：173.4 Main arch section183.5 Main Materials194.THE BRIDGE MODEL204.1About the model204.2The process of the model214.2.1Defining materials and sectional properties214.2.2 Define the nodes and cells224.2.3 Define the characteristics of prestressed steel beam and shapes224.2.4Define all kinds of group234.2.5Define the border condition234.2.6 Define static loading and loading234.2.7Define the construction phase234.2.8 Definition of load combinations244.3 Madis model245. LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS CALCULATED375.1 Calculation of the Main Arch Ring Section375.1.1About the main bridge375.1.2Calculation stress375.1.2 Main arch internal force calculation405.2 Live load425.4The main arch steel bar456. THE ROUGH CHECKING466.1 The principal of the stability check466.1.1 Longitudinal stability checking466.2 Check of stability466.3 Check of the compression stress476.4 The check of shearing stress477. DESCRIPTION OF CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION477.1Project Overview477.1.1The features of the project477.1.2The determining of construction method497.2Construction Organization Design497.2.1Construction of main arch ring497.2.2Cable erection method and essential points527.2.3Construction of approaching bridge and abutment537.3Construction Precautions547.3.1Precautions when closure construction547.3.2Construction control547.3.3Construction and safety557.4construction steel stress in the calculation criteria577.5 key problems in calculation of construction58 List of tableTABLE 1CROSS SECTION17TABLE 2CONCRETE TABLE18TABLE 3STEEL TABLE18TABLE 4 LOAD CONDITION AND LOAD COMBINATION LOAD CONDITION47 LIST OF FIGURE FIGURE 1THE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP4FIGURE 2ARCH BRIDGE8FIGURE 3CABLE STAYED BRIDGE9FIGURE 4SIMPLE STAYED BRIDGE10FIGURE 5ARCH BRIDGE15FIGURE 6MAIN GIRDER SECTION16FIGURE 7MAIN ARCH SECTION16FIGURE 8FINAL DESIGN18FIGURE 9THE MODEL PICTURE18FIGURE 10NODES PICTURE19FIGURE 11MADIS MODEL23FIGURE 12THE NODES23FIGURE 13ONLY THE NODES24FIGURE 14THE STRAIN25FIGURE 15THE PRESSURE26FIGURE 16MOVING LOADS28FIGURE 17VERCIAL LOAD30FIGURE 18LANE LOAD30FIGURE 19THE CONSTRAINED POSITION32FIGURE 20CONSTRAIN CONDITION34FIGURE 21 BENDING MOMENT UNDER THE ACTION OF SELF WEIGH36FIGURE 22 SHEAR FORCE UNDER THE ACTION OF SELF WEIGH36FIGURE 23THE STRESS WHEN THE TEMPERATURE UP37FIGURE 24 THE STRESS WHEN THE TEMPERATURE BELOW37FIGURE 25THE TWIST WHEN THE TEMPERATURE UP37FIGURE 26 BENDING MOMENT UNDER THE MOST UNFAVORABLE LOAD COMBINATION43FIGURE 27 SHEAR FORCE UNDER THE ACTION OF SELF WEIGH43FIGURE 28INTERNAL FORCE WHEN THE TEMPERATURE UP43AbstractMy design is about Xiaojialiang Bridge, and next is my main content. The process of senior project design: according to the senior project assignment and the present Design Codes, considering the geological and the landform condition of the bridge site to determine three alternatives. After preliminary selection, three alternatives are proposed, they are Continuous Ridge Frame Bridge, Deck Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge and Low Pylon Cable-Stayed Bridge. It is required that comparing the three alternatives on the basis of applicability, appearance, economy and safety to choose the optimum alternative for further analysis. After comparison, the deck reinforced concrete arch bridge is chose to be the recommended scheme. The followed assignment is to carry out the overall design of arch bridge, the reinforcement design and the draft of structure dimension. It is required to calculate the internal force of main arch ring and check the strength and stability of main arch ring. After analysis, it is shown that the design and calculated method is correct, the distribution of internal force is reasonable and the carrying capacity is large enough to external load. In addition, all design process meets the requirement of assignment and design codes.Key words: Alternatives Comparison; Continuous Ridge Frame Bridge, Deck Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge and Low Pylon Cable-Stayed Bridge; the integrated design of R.C. Arch Bridge; Structure analysis; Strength checking1. Background1.1 Bridge backgroundBridge is a structure corresponding to the heaviest responsibility in carrying a free flow of transport and is the most significant component of a transportation system in case of communication over spacings gaps for whatever reason such as obstacles, valleys and gorges etc. If the bridge fails, the transportation system fails. The safety of the bridge design is crucial to the transportation system.There are many bridges, such as according to the structure of the system, bridges can be divided into girder bridges, arch bridge, rigid frame bridge, suspension bridge combination system bridge (cable-stayed bridge); according to the materials used in the main load-bearing structure, bridge can be divided into wooden bridge, steel bridge, masonry Bridge, reinforced concrete bridges and prestressed reinforced concrete bridge.The development course of bridge can be roughly divided into ancient times, ancient, modern and contemporary. From ancient times the natural bridge, to the ancient wooden bridge, stone bridge, and then to the modern steel bridge, concrete bridge and the modern long-span oblique stayed bridge, suspension bridge, bridge with the development of material science, mechanical, computer science and so on gradually developed.The human beings have built artificial bridge nature due to the influence of crustal movement, or other natural phenomena, forming a large natural bridge. Human use natural down trees and form a natural Shilianghe or arch and streams to highlight the stones, Valley Bank growth of vines and across rivers and valleys.18th century industrial revolution, steel, cement, the development and application of concrete artificial materials promoted the revolution of modern bridge technology; application of artificial materials in bridge engineering is a sign of modern bridges.Time to enter the modern materials science and computer technology rapid development, the use of computer, people solve the many difficult to solve mechanics calculation, on the basis of this, bridge engineering can progress, the scale and the span of the bridge are further increased.On achieving the great achievements of bridge engineering in the 20th century, in the 21st century, with science and technology further rapid development, in order to adapt to the rapid development of economic globalization and productivity, engineers is conception of greater span and more large-scale across river and sea crossing project, efforts to promote bridge structure to high-strength, light, large span direction.Bridge construction development ultimately reflected in the development of the bridge engineering. Reviewing the development of Chinas bridge, the bridge engineering technical progress reflected in the following aspects. Bridge engineering investigation and surveying technology progress: to promote the application of GPS and Bridge CAD integrated system, effectively reduces the labor intensity of designers; the design accuracy is greatly improved measured. Changes in design philosophy: in bridge design pay more and more attention to resource conservation, life philosophy and aesthetic design of bridges. Under the guidance of this idea, and built a safe, economical and practical, beautiful bridges, such as the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Kunshan Yufeng bridge. Construction of the bridge it is not only to solve the traffic problems, but also to meet the peoples demands for the landscape and the enjoyment of the architectural art.The perfection of design theory: contains the conceptual design of bridges, structure analysis, structure design and optimization of integrated theory get continuous improvement. Design concept innovation; structure analysis has been from the traditional linear plane bar system analysis of improved spatial nonlinear analysis and Simulation of bridge construction and operation of the process; structure design and optimization theory in a large number of experimental studies on the basis of it has been improvement and development. Design Technology (means) improvement: at present, Chinas bridge design from the program to the construction plan design is using the computer, and the development of a bridge with independent copyright CAD software. The improvement of design level of long-span bridge: from Shanghai Nanpu Bridge Design start so far, Chinas national and local traffic, municipal, railway, urban construction and other Design Institute successfully designed hundreds of large span bridge, the Sutong Bridge is in the world the biggest span cable stayed bridge and Lupu Bridge is the largest span arch bridge in the world, the Xihoumen Bridge is the worlds second largest suspension bridge, steel box girder length the world first.1.2 Basic Design DataEngineering Geological Condition and EvaluationFigure 1The Topographic mapThis bridge is located in a valley. The left side of the bridge is a slope with a height of 50m and the right is about 30m.There is a highway beneath the valley. And according to the picture we know there are 4 kinds of soil from the top down named loess, gravel, medium sand and mealy sand.1.3Design technology1.3.1CADComputer Aided Design Refers to the use of computers and graphics equipment to help designers to design work. In design in the usually to with computer on different programmer for large of calculation, and analysis and compared, to decided optimal programmer; various design information, regardless of is digital of, and text of or graphics of, are can store in computer of memory or disk in, and can fast to retrieved; design personnel usually with sketches began design, will sketches into work figure of heavy work can handed computer completed; by computer automatically produced of design results, can fast made graphics, makes design personnel timely on design made judge and modified; Use of computers and graphics editing, zoom in, zoom out, translation, copy and rotate graphics related to the data processing work. 1.3.2 MIDASMIDAS/Civil engineering structures, especially the analysis of prestressed concrete box bridge, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges and other special forms of bridges, nonlinear boundary element analysis can be done simultaneously, the heat of hydration analysis, nonlinear analysis, static elastic-plastic analysis of material and dynamic Elastic-plastic analysis. To be able to quickly and accurately complete structural analysis and design in order to fill a gap in current structural analysis and design software market, and the development of analysis and optimization design on the structure of civil software.Reinforced concrete bridge: Board type bridge, and just frame bridge, and prestressed bridge joint Bridge: steel box type bridge, and beam Board bridge prestressed reinforced concrete box type bridge: hanging arm method, push method, and mobile bracket method, and full bracket method big span Bridge: suspension bridge, and cable-stayed bridge, and arch bridge big volume concrete of hydration hot analysis: prestressed reinforced concrete box type bridge, and bridge Taiwan, and bridge feet, and breakwater underground structure: Metro, and communications cable pipeline, and upper and lower water treatment facilities, and tunnel industrial building: towers, and pressure container, and power conveying Tower, and Power plants national infrastructure: airports, dams, port。Midas FEA Is currently only all in the culture of civil dedicated nonlinear and the details analysis software, it of geometry built die and network grid divided technology used has in civil field in the has was widely application of before and after processing software Midas FX+ of core technology, while into has MIDAS powerful of linear, and nonlinear analysis kernel, and and Netherlands TNO DIANA company for has technology cooperation, is a paragraph specifically applies Yu civil field of high-end nonlinear analysis and details analysis software. Midas FEA has a simple and intuitive user interface that even beginners can master in a short time. Especially the more intractable problem of nonlinear analysis in engineering, the program not only provides a simple method of parameter input, cultural programs in its interface, the whole culture of cultural training in the technical manuals, examples, allows beginners to quickly grow as senior analyst.1.3.3 Ansys Ansys Software is a financial structure, fluid, electric field, magnetic field and sound field analysis of large-scale finite element analysis software. Finite element analysis of the worlds largest software company, one of the United States development of ANSYS. It can interface with most CAD software, sharing and exchange of data, such as Pro/Engineer, NASTRAN, Alogor, I-DEAS, AutoCAD, is one of the advanced CAE tools in modern product design. 1.4Limit states of structuresThe bearing capacity limit state includes: the strength failure of the component and the connection, the fatigue damage and the excessive deformation, which is not suitable for carrying on, the structure and the component lose stability, the structure change to the motor system and the structure is overturned.The normal use of the limit state, including: the impact of structural, structural and non structural components of the normal use or durability of local damage (including the composite structure of concrete cracks).Bearing capacity limit state and serviceability limit state are compared, the former may lead to a large number of personal casualty and property losses, so the probability should be very low, and those of life less harmful, so to allow the emergence of probability can be high, but should still be given enough attention.2. Scheme comparison2.1 Technical indexes:Lane: two-way 4 LaneSlope: 2Environment class: 1 classSeismic fortification: according to the 6 level of earthquake intensity2.2 Main materials:May use the type of steel：Prestressed high strength steel wire or steel strand,HRB335、HRB235.Concrete types: Sidewalk plate C40 concrete、Second, it may be used in C25, C30 concrete.2.3 Design dateBefore the finished design than most alternatives and MADIS model, a month after the finished design content, start body part content writing and translation of 5000 characters, June completed body of writing and designing the content of final reply.2.3 Design scheme.2.4 Design principalBridge design is the basic principles of safe, reliable, durable, economical and advanced technology, environmental protection and sustainable development。Bridge erection on the rivers, so that traffic can pass the building, known as the bridge. Bridge superstructures, substructures and subsidiary structures, and structure mainly refers to the bridge structure and support system; substructure including the abutments, piers and Foundation subsidiary structures slab, tapered slope, Bank protection, diversion, etc.Requirements for use: bridge must apply. To has enough of hosted and flood capacity, can guarantee vehicles and pedestrian of security smooth; both meet current of requirements, and care future of development, both meet traffic transport itself of need, also to both other aspects of requirements; in navigation river Shang, should meet shipping of requirements; near City, and village, and railway and the water facilities of bridge also should combined concerned of requirements, consider utilization. Bridge built to ensure serviceable and easy inspection and maintenance.Economic requirements: bridge design should reflect the economic rationality. L knife designs must be fine detailed technical and economic comparison of ocean, which makes the total cost and material consumption to a minimum in most provinces during the maintenance, and durable. In addition, the bridge design should meet the requirements of rapid construction, shortening the costs not only reduce Shi Ding, and opening as soon as possible on the transport will bring great economic benefits.Design requirements of the BU: bridge design must actively adopting new structures, new battery, new materials, new processes and new design ideas, serious study of foreign advanced technology, make full use of the latest international scientific and technological achievements, advanced foreign technologies combine with our own unique. Ensure that the entire structure of bridge structure in the manufacturing, transportation, installation and during use shall have sufficient strength, rigidity, stability and durability.Bu the construction requirements: should be easy to manufacture and installation of bridge structure, Ding-art, as f