TYPESOFCHEMICALREACTIONSANDREACTION…：化学反应和反应类型….doc

3TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONSAND REACTION PREDICTIONSI. Synthesis/Composition: Two or more simpler substances combine to form a single, more complex compound. The reactants may be two elements, an element and a compound, or two compounds.a. General ReactionA + B ABb. Specific Examplesi. Two elements combine to form a compoundFe + S FeS2H2 + O2 2 H2Oii. Non-metallic oxide + water an acidCO2 + H2O H2CO3SO3 + H2O H2SO4iii. Metallic oxide + water a base (hydroxide)Na2O + H2O 2NaOHMgO + H2O Mg(OH)2II. Decomposition/Analysis: The reactant is a single compound that is decomposes into two or more simpler substances. If the compound is binary, then two elements are the products. If the compound is ternary, usually two simpler compounds will be produced. Occasionally, a ternary compound will decompose into another compound and an element.a. General ReactionAB A + Bb. Specific Examplesi. Metallic carbonate metallic oxide + carbon dioxideMgCO3 MgO + CO2ii. An acid non-metallic oxide + water H2SO4 SO3 + H2O iii. Metallic hydroxide metallic oxide + water2 NaOH Na2O + H2Oiv. Metallic chlorate metallic chloride + oxygen2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2v. Binary compounds decompose/break into respective elements2 NaCl 2 Na + Cl2III. Single Replacement/Single Displacement: A single element and a compound are the reactants.a. General ReactionA + BC AC + Bb. Specific Examplesi. Active metal (group 1 or 2) + water hydrogen + metallic hydroxide2 Na + 2 H2O 2 NaOH + H2ii. Less active metal (transition element) + water hydrogen + metallic oxideZn + H2O ZnO + H2iii. Metal + acid a salt + hydrogenMg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2iv. Non-metal replacement (halogens)ZnCl2 + F2 ZnF2 + Cl2ZnCl2 + Br2 No RXNv. Replacement by a more active metal (use activity chart)Ca + ZnCl2 CaCl2 + ZnAg + MgO No RXNIV. Double Replacement/Double Displacement: Two compounds are the reactants.a. General ReactionAB + CD AD + CBb. Specific Examplesi. Metallic hydroxide + acid a salt + water2 KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2 H2Oii. Metallic hydroxide + non-metallic oxide ternary compound + waterMg(OH)2 + CO2 MgCO3 + H2Oiii. Two compounds switch partnersH2SO4 + 2 NaCl Na2SO4 + 2 HClV. Combustion: When a hydrocarbon burns in air, the end products are always carbon dioxide and water. If there is an insufficient supply of oxygen, the end product will be