GY331高考英语暑假第一轮复习基础班.pptVIP

3GY331 高考英语暑假第一轮复习基础班,王环 ,模块 考纲解读,语法填空是广东省自行设计的一种新题型， 具有一定的创新意义。主要的创新在于：在语篇层面上考查语言知识， 符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念；试题设计采用了填空方式， 而不是单项选择， 真正激活了学生的语言知识及应用能力， 对中学英语教学有较好的反馈作用；考试内容不仅涉及句子的语法结构， 还包括构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构的制约作用(比如：代词的指称涉及篇章的连贯等), 符合语言真实性的要求， 让学生在更加真实的语境中运用自己的语言知识。,模块 命题分析,主要考查的知识点：一是语法，二是上下文的连贯性，而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等情况。其命题特点如下： 1短文长度：在150200词左右，其中2007年高考题是197词，2008年高考题是185词，2009年高考题是220词。2010年高考题是182词。,模块 命题分析,2考查篇章理解。语法填空是以短文为载体，考查语法的同时，也考查了考生对语篇的理解。 3考查基础语法。所填词语既要意思连贯和逻辑正确(符合语境), 又要语法正确。重点考查动词、代词、介词、冠词、词类转换等基础知识。 4命题形式： (1)给出提示词题型：填实义词用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类，考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形，一般有3个小题。包括动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、名词的单复数，以及词类或词义的转换等。,模块 命题分析,(2)纯空格题型：填功能词空后没给词，要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑，填入一个恰当的词，包括代词、介词、限定词 (冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。这类题大约有7小题。 5高考语法考点： 从考试说明的样题和近两年的高考题来看，实词以动词、代词、形容词、副词为主，其中动词又是重中之重；虚词以介词、冠词为主。而句法方面主要考查复合句的引导词，如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。,模块 应试点睛,一、语法填空的考查范围： 1语境(上下文)； 2语法：动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词。 固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。 (1) 动词：动词时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等知识。 (2) 引导词：注意一些从句的使用， 如：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等。,模块 应试点睛,(3) 形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换， 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等知识。 (4) 介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语和动词短语的用法。 (5) 名词、冠词：注意名词的单、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法。 (6) 代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系。 (7) 并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比， 以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however的用法。,模块 应试点睛,(8) 句型：要求归纳整理， 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型， 如： notuntil； not onlybut (also)； sothat； notbut； asas； eitheror； morethan； neithernor； suchthat； hardlywhen； no soonerthan等。 二、语法填空的能力要求： 1阅读/理解语篇的能力 2分析句子结构的能力 3熟练运用语法的能力 4单词拼写能力,模块 应试点睛,高中阶段重点语法,介词 it 的用法 动词时态 定语从句 非谓语动词 冠词 词类转换,时态语态,时态和语态是广东高考语法填空中的必考点，每年必考1题。究竟考些什么内容？现将考点简述如下： 1. 时态。时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语中常用的时态有16种，但高考考试说明中规定要掌握的有十种：,考点解密,注：(1)表示将来还有多种形式，如：“be going to +动词原形”“be to+动词原形”“ be about to+动词原形”等。在飞机、火车等时刻表中规定的事情，或在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；表示计划好的活动，还常用现在进行时表示。 (2)现在进行时与always，continually，constantly等连用，表示说话人的某种情感，如赞扬，遗憾，讨厌或不满等。如： He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。(赞扬),2. 语态。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现，如一般过去时的被动语态就是“was/were+过去分词”，一般将来时的被动语态就是“will be +过去分词”。,在广东高考英语语法填空中，一般有一空是考查谓语动词的时态，同时有一空是考查非谓语动词，因此，首先要判断括号中所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；若是谓语动词，一是根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，二是根据具体的语境来判断用哪一种时态，进而确定所填动词的形式。,解题技巧,例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008广东),实例剖析,分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。,例2：The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ (place) under the Ministers car. (2005广东),分析：替代the box的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which (the box)与place (放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在was caught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been placed。,一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.The house belongs to my aunt but she _ (not live) here any more. (全国I) 2. This machine _ (not work). It hasnt worked for years. (浙江) 3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国) 4. Population experts predict that most people _(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春),doesnt live,doesnt work,will increase,will live,5. He _(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6. - Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? - Yes, since she _(join) the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7. Teenagers _(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南),played,joined,are damaging,was talking,9. John promised his doctor he _ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10. By this time tomorrow, I_ (lie) on the beach 11. So far this year we _ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建),would not smoke,will be lying,have seen,12. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each other for years. (辽宁),had stayed,had known,14. - Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. - I think so. He _ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏) 15. The telephone _ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川) 16. -Did you go to the show last night? -Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _(invite). (陕西),has been preparing,was ringing,was invited,17. - Whats that noise? - Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ (test). (浙江) 18. I like these English songs and they _ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽),is being tested,have been taught,19. No decision _ (make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (北京) 20. - Do you have any problems if you _(offer) this job? - Well, Im thinking about the salary. (湖南),will be made,are offered,1.（2009山东，34）I was out of town at the time,so I dont know exactly how it . A.was happening B.happened C.happens D.has happened 解析 “事情的发生”是和“was out of town”同时发生的，故用一般过去时。,B,2.（2009宁夏，26）His sister left home in 1998, and since. A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of C.had not heard of D.has not heard of 解析 句意为：他的妹妹自从1998年离开家后一 直杳无音讯。根据句意，指从1998年后到现在一 直没有音讯，故应用现在完成时，排除A和C项； 又因他的妹妹和hear of之间是被动关系，故排除 D项。,B,3. （2009江苏，21）The population of Jiangsu to more than twice what it was in 1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million. A.has grown B.have grown C.grew D.are growing 解析 本句中谈论的人口的增长是从1949年一直 到现在的人口的增长，所以应该用现在完成时态。 又因为population作主语时谓语动词应该用单 数，所以此题选A。,A,4.（2009江苏，22） Ann is in hospital. Oh,really?I know.I go and visit her. A.didnt;am going to B.dont;would C.dont;will D.didnt;will 答案 D 解析 在听完第一个说话者的话之后“我不知道 Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去，所以要用 一般过去时，因此可以排除B、C两项；我去看她 这个动作发生在将来，是临时决定要去做某事， 没有计划和安排性，所以用一般将来时，不用be going to结构，由此可以排除A项。故此题应该选 D。,5.（2009江苏，25） Hi,Torry,can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. . A.Its repaired B.It has been repaired C.Its being repaired D.It had been repaired 解析 由sorry可知，第二个说话者拒绝了第一 个说话者借电脑的要求，只有选C项，第二个人 的理由才充分。答句句意为：对不起，我的电脑 正在被修理。,C,6. （2009天津，2）My parents in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. A.live B.lived C.were living D.will live 解析 由第二句中的“.have never lived anywhere else.”可知，空格处应用一般现在时 表示状态。,A,7.（2009上海，29）Mary went to the box office at lunch time,but all the tickets out. A.would sell B.had sold C.have sold D.was selling 解析 玛丽去售票处是一个过去的动作，而票全 部售完发生在玛丽去售票处之前，因此是“过去的 过去”，故用过去完成时。,B,8.（2009上海，36）During the period of recent terrorist activities,people not to touch any unattended bag. A.had always been warned B.were always being warned C.are always warning D.always warned 解析 由句意可知，people与warn之间是被动关 系，故排除C、D两项；A项是过去完成时，表示 “过去的过去”，而语境中没有这种时间提示，故 选B项，即“人们一直被警告不要去触动任何无人 看管的包裹”。,B,9.（2009江西，29） What is the price of petrol these days? Oh,it sharply since last month. A.is raised B.has risen C.has arisen D.is increased 解析 由since last month可知应该用现在完成 时,首先排除A、D。再根据句意可知应该选B。 rise是不及物动词，意为“上升”，符合题意。 arise意为“站立，出现”，不符合语境。,B,10. （2009江西，31）Do you want a lift home? Its very kind of you,but I have to work late in the office.I overslept this morning because my alarm clock . A.doesnt go off B.wont go off C.wasnt going off D.didnt go off 解析 由上文的I overslept this morning可知 此处谈论的是发生在过去的一件事，所以用一 般过去时。,D,11.（2009四川，15） Why dont we choose that road to save time? The bridge to it . A.has repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.will be repaired 解析 根据上下文来看，不选那条路的原因是通 向那条路的桥梁正在被修，故用现在进行时态的 被动语态。,C,12.（2009四川，18）You speak very good French! Thanks.I French in Sichuan University for four years. A.studied B.study C.was studying D.had studied 解析 句意为:你法语说得很好！谢谢。 我在四川大学学了四年法语。此处表示过去某 一段时间所进行的动作，纯粹是过去的事实， 与现在没有关系，故用一般过去时。,A,13. （2009辽宁，24）Excuse me,Marcia,a reporter from Vanity Fair all day. Could you speak to her now? A.phones B.has phoned C.has been phoning D.phoned 解析 句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自 Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话，你现 在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持 续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all day表示一段时间。,C,14.（2009辽宁，31）My parents have promised to come to see me before I for Africa. A.have left B.leave C.left D.will leave 解析 句意为：我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来 看我。主句中have promised to come to see me 表示“答应将要来看我”，时间状语从句中的动词 应用一般现在时代替将来。,B,15.（2009福建，31） According to the literary review,Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays. A.will make B.had made C.was making D.makes 解析 因为是“根据文学评论”做出的事情，故 用一般现在时来表示动作的时间性。,D,二、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140的相应位置上。(以动词时态为主),(1) It was getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1_(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2_(take) out my key 3_ I couldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that I had left 4_ on my desk in the office. It really didnt make 5_ difference. I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school 6_ now, so I knocked at the door.,was wearing,to take,but,it,any,by,There was no answer, so I knocked again. I 7_(continue) knocking at the door for some time. I was getting angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8 _ (phone) saying that she 9_(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for me to do: I had to clime in 10_ a window.,continued,had phone,would go,through,(2) When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother 1_(turn) the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand. “Wouldnt it work 2_(quick) if a machine turned the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose it would,” said his mother, without 3_(pay) him any attention. Christopher 4_(know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted 5_ (help) her.,turning/turn,quicker,paying,knew,to help,Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father had bought 6 _ as a gift. “I 7_(make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 8_ (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 9_(finish), he was quite pleased, 10_(think) his mother 11_(like) it.,him,shall/will make,was not using,was finished,thinking,would like,“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down and went on 12 _ (turn) the wheel by hand. “I 13 _ (work) like this for too many years,” she explained. This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries 14_ (improve) anything 15_(have) to learn: Many people dont like new ideas.,turning,have been working,to improve,has,非谓语动词,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。 对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。 非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,主要考点：,考点1：作主语 表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing； 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用to do 。 考点2：作表语 (1) 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。 (2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。,考点3：作宾语 (1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。 (2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。 (3) 在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。,(4)在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。 (5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(习惯于), contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。 (6)含介词的固定句式： prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做,spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱 have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难 have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难 there is no sense in doing做是没有理由/道理的 (7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。,考点4：作宾补 当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)； 当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。 注意以下6点： (1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。 (2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。,(3)在make, let, have等使役动词和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。 (4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。,(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来); get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。 (6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。,考点5：作状语 (1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。 (2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，表示原因。,(3)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于tooto, enough to, so/suchas to等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。,(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。 (5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。 (6) 在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点6：作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。 (2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点7：特殊句式 Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢？ had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事 would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事 would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 宁做A事不做B事,考点8：独立结构 (1) -ing形式的独立成分：judging by /from(根据判断), generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。 (2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。 (3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。,解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。,解题技巧,另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,例1the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东),实例剖析,分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是非谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to help。,例2While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东),分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。,考点击破,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国) 2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海) 3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁) 4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,5. It is difficult to imagine his _ (accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西) 6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京) 7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陕西) 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南),accepting,to stop,working,to be repaired,living,9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take) his advice! (安徽) 10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南) 11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国) 12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. (江苏),not taking,getting,being opened and closed,not talking,13. Isnt it time you got down to _ (mark) the papers? (重庆) 14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海) 15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海) 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ (pass) the exam. (福建),marking,setting,walking,passing,17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. (上海) 18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen) again. (全国) 19. Did you have trouble in_ (find) the post office? (全国) 20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海),watching,happening,finding,admit,21. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国) 22. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津) 23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ (burn) all night. (全国) 24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. (全国),burning,running,burning,carried,25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏) 26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. (江苏) 27. Energy drinks are not allowed _ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海) 28. My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.