Week5Lecturenotes英美文化.ppt

Chinese English practical translation,Week Five,To Review,Differences between English and Chinese,_多物称 _重意合。 句子的中心是“_前_后”。 _的修饰语后置，如孔雀开屏。 _多被动。 _多动词,Differences between English and Chinese,英语多物称 汉语重意合。 句子的中心是“英前汉后”。 英语的修饰语后置，如孔雀开屏。 英语多被动。 汉语多动词,Diction in Translation,Definition of diction,By “diction” we mean the _ _of words and phrases in the target language on the basis of _ _ of the source language text.,Definition of diction,By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in the target language on the basis of accurate comprehension of the source language text.,Correspondence between English and Chinese,Full correspondence No equivalents One word with multiple equivalents Of the same meaning Of different meanings,Full correspondence,微型汽车（面包车） minibus 联合国 the United Nations 太平洋 the Pacific Ocean,No equivalents,New sci-tech words 特工 plumber 引起轰动的事物 hit,One word with multiple equivalents of the same meaning,爱人 老婆 媳妇 夫人 老伴 堂客 内人 拙荆 wife,One word with multiple equivalents of different meanings,我的表不准，每天快十多分钟。 My watch doesnt keep good time. It gains more than ten minutes a day. 时间过得真快! How time does fly! 情人节快到了. Valentines Day is drawing near. 这把刀很快. The knife is really sharp.,速度很快的车 迅速发展 节奏快的音乐 行程紧凑的一次旅行 不易褪掉的颜色 快速感光胶卷 熟睡的 开斋 牢牢地陷在泥巴里,a fast car the fast growth fast music a fast journey fast color a fast film fast asleep break ones fast stick fast in the mud,Fast,他常在外面吃饭。 He often dines out. 这药一天吃三次。 The medicine is to be taken three times a day. 他吃得很快。 He swallowed his food. 他只吃素的。 He takes only vegetarian food. 这孩子还不会自己吃饭。 The baby cant feed itself yet. 这碗饭不容易吃。 This is a hard way to earn a living.,吃,我特别爱吃生蒜。 I am especially fond of raw garlic. 他们现在不愁吃，不愁穿。 They dont have to worry about food and clothing now. 跟我们一起吃午饭吧！ Join us for lunch! 她挑挑拣拣的吃了一点。 She picked at food. 谢谢，我实在吃饱了 Thanks, Ive really had enough.,吃,吃闲饭 to lead an idle life 吃香 to be very popular 吃得开 to be a favorite of 吃不准 to be not sure 吃不了兜着走 land oneself in serious trouble 吃不消 more than one can stand 吃透 to have a thorough grasp,吃,How to Choose the right word(s) or phrase(s),词性 词义轻重 语体级别 人物身份 语境 句法 词语搭配,词性,他看见一个人正用锯子锯树。 He saw a man sawing trees with a saw 那个贼轻手轻脚的穿过房间，点亮了那盏有浅绿色灯罩的灯，以便照亮。 Needing some light to see by, the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light with the light green shade. 能吃的吃掉，吃不掉的就做成罐头。 Eat what you can and can what you cannot.,词义轻重不同 （1）,“大名鼎鼎” 这就是大名鼎鼎的历史学家范先生。 This is Mr. Fan, the historian. 表示“闪光”的词。 shine 照耀；指光的稳定发射。 glitter 闪光；指光的不稳定发射。 glare 耀眼；表示光的最强度。 sparkle 闪烁；指发射微细的光度。,词义轻重不同 (2),表示“打破”的词 break 最一般/通用的词语，意思是经打击或施压而破碎。 crack 出现了裂缝，但还没有变成碎片。 crush 从外面用力往内或从上往下压而致碎。 demolish 破坏或铲平（如土堆、建筑物、城堡等）。 destroy 完全摧毁，使之无法复原。 shatter 突然使一物体粉碎。 smash 由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。,三类语体色彩： 1. 正式 formal 2. 中性 neutral 3. 非正式 informal Examples?,语体级别,人物身份,忽见东府几个人慌慌张张跑来，说：“老爷宾天了！” Then some servants from the Eastern Mansion came rushing up frantically, “The old masters ascended to heaven!” they announced. A group of servants from the Ningpo mansion came rushing up in a state of great agitation. “Sir Jing is dead.”,语境,她有喜了 Shes in the family way. (Br. E) Shes in a family way. (Am. E) 你这套衣服看上去很朴素 This dress of yours looks homely. (Br. E) This dress of yours is quite simple and natural in style. (Am. E) homely: 朴素的（Br. E) 不好看的 (Am. E),He served me with a kind of coffee. He served me with coffee of a kind. （象是咖啡的东西） He is not a fool. He is no fool. （很聪明） I know him. I know of him. （听说过他）,句法 （1）,She is a woman with a child. She is a woman with child. （怀孕） He has words with me. （争吵） He has a word with me. (说句话) They are of age. （成人） They are of an age. （同龄） May we meet again! (愿我们再见） We may meet again.,句法 （2）,Give me a glass for wine. (酒杯） Give me a glass of wine. （一杯酒） He escaped prison. (没进监狱） He escaped from prison. （越狱）,句法 （3）,He opened the door to me. (给我开门） He opened the door for me. （替我开门） It is very useful to him. (他觉得） It is very useful for him. （对他来说）,句法 （4）,词义理解和表达,汉译英最大的问题之一是对词语的理解。由于汉语词义的多义性、笼统性、含糊性和对上下文的依赖性，以及汉语句子结构的不严谨性，成分缺省的倾向性等等，对词语准确的理解并不是一件容易的事。要根据上下文才能做出正确的判断.,词义表达,要把原文翻译好，对原文的正确理解很重要，但知道原文的意思，在英语中选择什么词来表达又是一个复杂的问题。这主要有文化问题和搭配问题。 文化差异-Red-eyed or green-eyed? 他买的新车，真让我眼红啊。 The new car he bought makes me so green-eyed .,沉浮 汤药 老少 新旧 前后 左上 右下 晴雨 迟早 跳高 田径 钢铁,Ups and downs herb water/tea young and old old and new back and forth the upper/top left the lower/bottom right rain or shine sooner or later high jump track and field iron and steel,水陆 水火 血肉 强弱 贫富 视听 温饱 中小学 九月初 美籍华人 青一块紫一块 新郎新娘,land and water fire and water flesh and blood weak and strong rich and poor audio-visuals food and clothing elementary and secondary school early September Chinese Americans black and blue bride and bridegroom,词义的缺省,缺省就是一个语言中的某个词，在另一种语言中没有相应的表达。 笔 山 杯子(上义词- hyponym） pen ball pen pencil a writing instrument mountain hill glass cup tumbler(平底大玻璃杯） mug （有柄的大杯） 汉英称谓 cousin / uncle colleague 同事 /同行，同仁,饮食烹饪 rice - 米饭，大米，稻子，谷子，稻种 fry - 炸，炒，煎，煸，炝 orange - 柑，桔，橙 背,扛, 挑,运- carry carry sth. on ones back carry sth. on ones shoulder carry sth. with a pole carry sth. with a ship/ a truck,搭配差异,接电话 answer the telephone 啊，好票！ Ah, good seats! 打电话 make a telephone call 打仗 fight a battle 打电子游戏 play a video game,打毛衣 knit a sweater 打文件 type a document 打响指 snap ones finger 打喷嚏 sneeze 打瞌睡 nod off 打开电视 turn on the TV,培训部 The training department 文化部 Ministry of Culture 编辑部 The editorial office 师部 The division headquarters,自然环境 environment 社会环境 circumstances 周围环境 surroundings 文章标题 title 报纸的标题 heading,球迷 football fan 计算机迷 computer addict 电视节目主持人 TV host 电台节目主持人 narrator 庆典活动主持人 Master of Ceremonies,个人卫生 pers