必修三 第四单元 知识必备

必修三 第四单元 知识必备I. 一箭双雕51. region n. 地区 religion n. 宗教 religious adj.宗教的2. million 百万 billion 十亿3. globe n. 地球仪；球体 global adj.全球的；全世界的4. violence n. 暴力暴行 violent adj.猛烈的激烈的5. like 喜欢；像 dislike 不喜欢 unlike 不像6. present adj.出席到场的 presence n. 出席到场存在7. harm n./v.危害；害处 harmful adj.有害的8. action n. 行动，动作 reaction n. 反应；回应9. exist v. 存在；生存 existence n.存在10. gentle adj.温和的；文雅的 gentleman n. 绅士11. physics 物理 physicist 物理学家12. less 较少的 lessen v. 减少减轻13. weight 重量；称重 weightlessly 失重地14. exhaust vt.使筋疲力尽；用尽耗尽 exhausting adj. 令人精疲力尽的 exhausted adj. 筋疲力尽的II.重点词搭配1. come into existence = come into being 产生成立 There exists nothing without the sun.2. in time 及时；最终，总有一天 in time for 赶得上，来得及 in time to do sth. 赶得上，来得及干某事 Well be in time for / to catch the first bus.3. at a time 一次 at one time 曾经一度 at times 有时 kill time 消磨时间4. in ones turn 轮到某人；接着 in turn 轮流依次；反过来 take turns to do sth. 轮流干某事5. prevent / stop / keep from 阻止 be prevented / stopped / kept from 被阻止6. remain seated / sitting 仍然坐着 remain to be done 有待于被 remaining adj.剩下的 remainsn. 剩余物7. pull in 进站停靠 pull out 出站 pull up 驶向路边停靠 pull down 拆除8. come on 快点；加油；得了吧9. break up 破碎；解散；破裂；分手 break down 出故障；身体垮掉；和谈失败；分解 break into 闯入 break in 闯入；插嘴(cut in ) break away from 脱离10. watch out (for)密切注意；小心提防 watch over 看守，监管；照顾11. in the presence of sb. 有在场；在面前12. crash 碰撞；坠毁；（使）崩溃13. reaction to 对的反应14. be fundamental to 是的基础III课文重点短语1. according to 根据2. a widely accepted theory 广泛接受的理论3. in all directions 朝四面八方 in all direction4. a cloud of dust 一团尘埃5. cool down 冷却下来6. on the surface 在表面7. the continued presence of water 水的持续存在8. be harmful to 对有害 do harm to 危害9. encourage 促进激发；鼓励10. as well as 也，又11. grow into 长成12. for the first time 首次13. the age of dinosaurs恐龙时代14. remain a mystery 仍然是个谜15. spread v.传播；散布16. as a result of 由于的结果17. too hot to live on 太热不能在上面居住18. millions of years to come 未来的数百万年19. all sorts of 各种各样的20. fill with 用充满21. have a chance 得到一个机会22. make a trip into space 到太空旅行23. explain to sb. 向某人解释24. be pushed back into 被推回到25. far from 远非，决不；离远26. come on 快点加油得了吧27. step forward 迈步向前28. fall over 摔倒；跌倒29. be off 出发；离开IV. 句型提炼1. 不定式系动词后作表语的意义 The book is to be published next month. 这本书下个月出版。 （按计划将要发生的事情） You are to leave here at once. 你立刻走。 （命令；约定；意志；劝告） Her arrival was to change my world. 她的到来注定会改变我的世界 （注定会）2. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. = with the earth cooling down 随着地球冷却下来 We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. = with the earths gravity increasing 随着地球引力的增加3. When I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 倍数表达句型: Our house is twice bigger than this one. Our house is twice as big as this one. Our house is twice the size of this one. (length长度, weight重量, height高度，size大小)4. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. I have never seen as lovely a girl as Lucy.V. 名词性从句句型1. 主语从句It happened that I had been away when he called. 他打电话的时候我碰巧在外面。 It turns out that our team has won thee game. 结果是我们赢了这场比赛。 It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager. 我突然想起我们应该与经理联系。 What impressed me most was that the boy worked so hard. It is necessary / strange / natural / important +that从句 (谓语用should do / should be done, should可省） It is suggested / ordered / required + that 从句 （谓语用should do / should be done, should可省）2. 宾语从句Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem? 你能理解诗人在这首诗里的意思吗？ I know nothing about my neighbour except that he is a teacher. 关于我的邻居除了他是个老师我一无所知。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 放心吧我会总是帮助你的。 Please see to it that the children go to bed by 9 oclock. 请务必让孩子们九点前睡觉。 I hate it when people speak with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们嘴里满是食物说话。3. 表语从句 It looks as if our team is going to win. 好像我们队要赢了。 The reason why I came late today was that I stayed up too late last night. 我今天迟到的原因是昨晚我熬夜太晚了。 China is no longer what it used to be. 中国不再是过去的中国了。 Thats because I stayed up too late last night. 那是因为我昨晚熬夜太晚。 Thats when / where / why / how 那是的时候 / 的地方 / 的原因 / 的方式4. 同位语从句 There is no d