chapter7英语翻译技巧.ppt

吴宜涛 2013/5,Chapter 7 Repetition,Contents,英语中避免重复手段 英译汉中重复翻译法的应用 汉译英中如何避免重复,Grammatically or rhetorically speaking, repetition of the same word, same expression and even the same structure in a sentence or a passage is more natural and idiomatic and thus much more frequent in Chinese than in English, though rhetorical or significant repetition can also be found in English. Generally what is repeated in Chinese may in many cases be substituted(替代), varied(变换) or omitted(省略) in English.,英语中避免重复手段,英语中常见的避免使用重复的手段（与之相对应的汉语译文则很多时候需要使用重复）： 1、使用代词（人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、关系代词等）。 I met John on the street yesterday. He was walking beside his sister. They were going to see a film.,2、使用上义词、同义词等来替换上文中已经出现的某个词语，以避免重复。这些上义词是一些具有概括意义、表示人和事物范畴的词汇，如man, woman, people, person, child, thing, object, flower, machine, medicine, animal等等。 The monkeys most extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed. 那只猴子最拿手的本领就是学会了开拖拉机。九岁时，这只了不起的动物就已经学会了用一只手驾驶这种工具。,3、使用替代法，即使用替代词语或替代句型来回避重复。英语中为避免重复而通常使用的替代词有one, ones, that, those, it, the same (thing), so, such, there, then, likewise, identical, different, etc. What kind of textbooks do you want? The ones with illustrations or the ones without? 你需要什么样的课本？是要有插图的呢还是要没有插图的？,最常见的替代如：“主语+do”和“主语+动词（如appear, hope, think, believe, suppose等）+so” He will come tomorrow. 他明天来。 I hope so. 我希望如此。 其他类型的替代如： He might be wrong. If not, why was he in such low spirits?,4、用省略法来回避重复是常见的手段。用省略法回避重复有以下几种情况。 一是省略中心名词。 I like strong tea. I suppose weak is better for you. 二是省略核心动词。 We wont retreat; we never have and never will. 三是省略动词不定式。 Would you like to go with me？ Yes, Id like to.,在英语中，对于某些由动词、名词或形容词加介词构成的搭配，可以通过保留介词而省略其前面的动词、名词或形容词的方式来避免重复。 Discipline is indispensable to victory in war, to success in our work, and indeed, to the realization of our lofty goal. 纪律对于战争取得胜利必不可少，对于工作取得成功必不可少，对于实现我们的崇高目标必不可少。,5、英语避免重复还可采用紧缩法。所谓紧缩法就是将语句中两个或几个相关联的成分合并在一起，以避免某些词语的重复，使文字变得简洁紧凑。这种方法一般多见于书面形式。 He was particularly interested in the articles on and by Lu Xun. 他对关于鲁迅的文章以及鲁迅所写的文章尤其感兴趣。 You should practice speaking English both in and out of class. 你既要在课内，又要在课外练习讲英语。,英译汉中重复翻译法的使用,People use natural science to understand and change nature. 人们利用自然科学，去了解自然，改造自然。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。 The daily newspaper guides, educates and encourages the masses. 这份报纸可指导群众、教育群众、鼓舞群众。 The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating, and chemical effects. 电流的主要效应是磁效应、热效应和化学效应。,We recognizeand shareChinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony. 我们认识到中国有决心同时我们自己也有同样的决心来反对任何国家谋求建立全球霸权或地区霸权的企图。 Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. 毛泽东是活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张松弛而取得成功的战略家。,We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence, which is now growing more and more popular among the nations of Asia and Africa. 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这个原则目前在亚非各国越来越得人心了。 She possessed an innocence unsullied by contact with the world. 她拥有一种纯真，这种纯真并没有因为同外界接触而玷污。,Locomotives are built of steel, and airplanes of aluminium. 火车头由钢制成，而飞机由铝制成。 英语中的某些动词、名词或形容词等可加介词构成搭配，若这种搭配需要重复形成一个系列，则往往只保留介词而省略其前面的动词、名词或形容词。在将这样的系列搭配翻译成汉语时，往往需要将介词之前被省略的成分重新补充出来。,Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free. 你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。 英语中有一种使用诸如whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever加后缀“-ever”的强调结构，在将这类强调结构翻译成汉语时，往往要运用重复的办法才能清晰地传达原文的意思。 Whoever violates the discipline should be punished. 谁违反了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。,We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment, the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial, but essential to the future progress of the race. 因此，我们接受并欢迎在我们的周围存在巨大的不平等现象（我们把这看做是我们必须适应的条件），接受并欢迎工商业的经营集中在少数几个人手中，接受并欢迎他们之间存在竞争的机制，这对于整个人类未来的进步不仅是有益的，而且是必需的。,Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the “live now, pay later” syndrome. Along with hire-purchase, rental and leasing schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. 尽管信用卡正在成为金融业更能接受的付款方式，但许多人仍然心存疑虑，把信用卡看成是“今日享受，明日付款”的一种主要表现。同分期付款、租赁方式一样，信用卡鼓励人们消费。,We find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit; reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord on earth. We are caught in war, wanting peace. Were torn by division, wanting unity. We see around us empty lives, wanting fulfillment. We see tasks that need doing, wanting for hands to do them. (R.Nixon:Inaugural Address) 我们物质丰富，但精神贫乏；我们以巨大的精确程度登上月球，但却让地球陷入极度纷争。 我们被卷入战争，我们渴望和平。我们被四分五裂，我们渴望团结。我们看到周围的人们生活空虚，我们渴望生活的充实。我们看到等待人们去做的各项任务，我们需要人手来完成它们。,汉译英中如何避免重复,一个地方有一个地方的全局，一个国家有一个国家的全局，一个地球有一个地球的全局。 A locality has its own over-all interest, so do a nation and the earth. 夺取这个胜利，已经是不要很久的时间和不要花费很大的气力了；巩固这个胜利，则是需要很久的时间和要花费很大的气力的。 （毛泽东选集） To win this victory will not require much more time and effort, but to consolidate it will.,我们必须决定什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西是不应当称赞或歌颂的，什么东西是应当反对的。 We should decide what to commend and prasie, what not to and what to oppose. 现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。 China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development.,Homework 5 (Amplification & Omission),They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings. 他们乘坐一辆黑色豪华轿车，经过一丛丛的白桦树和看不到尽头的一排排式样相同的新住宅。 Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. 吸烟有害健康。世界各国政府应该认真地/严肃地开展反对吸烟运动。,The fan, with its modern, elegant, bright, and harmoniously colored design, is an excellent eletrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot days. 本电扇款式新颖，造型雅致，色彩鲜艳/明亮协调/柔和，是炎炎夏日消暑纳凉之家电精品。 The crowd was pushing harder. Those in the middle were squeezed against each other so tightly they could not move in any direction. 人群越挤越厉害，夹在当中的人被挤得动弹不得。,There are those who think that most people are not particularly interested in analyses of climate conditions, so there must be other reasons for strangers to start conversations by talking about weather. 有人认为，大多数人不会对天气状况特别感兴趣，因此，陌生人用谈论天气的方式搭讪一定另有原因。 Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person. 流感病人必须与健康的人隔开，以免疾病传播。,The inability to satisfy those expectations will mean increased social tensions, especially where the regimes are already a byword for corruption and instability. 如果不能满足这些期盼，