Spend和take的区别汇总.docVIP

Spend和take的区别一、简单的记住两个句型就行：It take sb. sometime to do sth.spend on /spend doing 详细解释：Spend:spend作动词用，意思是“花费（钱、时间）；度过”。常与介词on连用，短语spendon表示“在某事/物上花费钱或时间”。如：He spent a lot of money on books. spendon后面通常跟名词，若为动词，要用spend, in doing sth花费财力或时间做某事。 如：I spent half an hour in copying the text. My mother spends an hour on the housework every clay.take当“花费”讲时，常用在句型It takes sb. some time to do sth中，它表示“花费某人一段时间做某事”。句型中的it是形式主语，不定式知语to do sth是真正的主语，take的形式随时间状语而变。如： It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. It took them ten years to finish the invention. It will take her three hours to get there by bike next time.要表达“花钱买东西”可以用lost, pay和spend；要表达“花时间做某”可以用spend和take。 如：The jacket cost him 98 yuan. He paid 98 yuan for the jacket. He spent 98 yuan on the jacket. She spends half an hour on English in the morning. It takes her half an hour to learn English in the morning. 均可表示“花费”，但在用法和搭配等有很大区别。现分述如下：一、从所涉及的主语来看spend 的主语只能是人，不能是事或物；take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)也可以是人。如：I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了 1 整天找你。It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了 1 个小时。The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)2. 从所涉及的宾语来看take 的宾语通常是时间，而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如：It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。按传统语法，take 的宾语通常是时间，但在现代英语中，用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如：It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。3. 从所采用的句型结构来看(1) 通常句型为：sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱sb spends time (money) in on doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做sb takes time (moeny) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事(2) 用于以上意义时，take 通常不用于被动语态，而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。误：Two hours was taken to do the work.正：Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。4. 从各自的比喻用法来看(1) spend 表示“消耗”、“用完”。如：Ill spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。(2) take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如：It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。 二、spend的主语必须是人. 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买。例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 take后面常跟双宾语. 常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 spend/cost/pay/take (1)spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型： （sb）spend some money/some time on sth. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.例如： I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 (2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是： It takes/took sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.some time. 例如： It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。 (3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。 He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine? 他买药已付医生50英镑。 How much did you pay him? 你付他多少钱？ (4) cost的主语必须是某物。spend on sth/in doing sth的主语必须是人。pay for 的主语也是人。It takes + sb+ 时间（或钱）to do sth的主语则必须是形式主语It。 动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。 如：The dictionary cost me 20.三、1.sb. spend + time或money + on sth(n.名词). （某人花费多少钱/多少时间在某物上） sb. spend + time/money + in(可有可无)+ doing(v.动词) sth. （某人花费多少时间来做某事） 2句型：It takes sb. + time + to do sth. （做某事花费某人多少时间） 3、 sb. pay for sth. （某人为某物付款） sb. pay + money + for sth. (某人为某物付多少钱） 4、 Sth. cost sb. + money. (某物花费某人多少钱） Sth. cost + money. (某物价值多少钱）spend，cost，take和pay都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。 cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”. 常见用法如下：(1) sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2) pay for sth. 付的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3) pay for