名词单复数变化规则.doc

名词单数变复数规则名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。1.名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。如：Guangzhou，Mike，UNESCO等。专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写，前面不加定冠词the。普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。如：police，eggs，rice等。普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词：表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。如：monkey，panda，ruler，boy等。集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如：family，police，class，people等。物质名词：表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。如：Water，air，milk等。抽象名词：表示抽象概念词。如：hope，love，spirit。在讨论名词的数之前，必须了解英语的名词有可数名词和不可数名词两种。一般来说，个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。不可数名词：不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数，没有复数形式，不能与数目字如one,two等连用，也不能加不定冠词a(n)。不可数名词没有单数、复数之分，但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量，我们于是采用这种方法：a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词，如：acupoftea，aboxofmilk，apieceofpaper等。如果为了表示多个的概念，我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。如：acupoftea-3cupsoftea，aboxofmilk-12boxesofmilk，Apieceofpaper-100piecesofpaper*需要注意的是，a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。比较： Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数） Thesecakesaresweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可数） Weneedvarioussteels.（可数）c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。 Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四个现代化只有可数名词才有单数和复数两种形式。一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。例：friendfriends;catcats;stylestyles;sportsports;piecepieces二、凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。例：busbuses;foxfoxes;matchmatches;flashflashes；boxboxes;watchwatches;actressactresses;classclasses;coach（长途车）coaches;dressdresses;sandwichsandwiches;toothbrushtoothbrushes;waitress（女侍者）waitresses三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。例：candycandies;daisy（雏菊）daisies;fairyfairies;ladyladies;storystoriesstrawberrystrawberries;babybabies;puppypuppies;librarylibraries;dictionarydictionaries;cherrycherries;activityactivities,countrycountries,flyflies.区别:元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数【元音字母有a,e,o,u,i】monkey-monkeysholiday-holidaysboy-boyskey-keys四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写词，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。（有生命的加es，无生命的加s）口诀：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿negroesandheroeseattomatoesandpotatoes反例：radioradios，pianopianos（外来词）;photophotos;zoo-zoos，bamboo-bamboos，kimono-kimonos五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，例如：knifeknives;lifelives;leafleaves;scarf（围巾）scarves树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀牛；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。解释：leaf（树叶）half（一半）self（自己）wife（妻子）knife（刀子）calf（小牛）shelf（架子）wolf（狼）thief（小偷）life（生命）但是，也有例外。海湾农奴信酋长，悬崖证据上顶房。在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加-s构成，即：海湾（gulf-gulfs）农奴（serf-serfs）信（belief-beliefs）酋长（chief-chiefs），悬崖（cliff-cliffs）证据（proof-proofs）上顶房（即房顶、屋顶roof-roofs）部分单词的单复数同形口诀：中日警察好友来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回。解释：Chinese,Japanese,police，people，deer,sheep,fish，cattle但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。在英语名词复数中，表示（某）国人的名词复数有些加S,有些又不加，学生常常会出错。这里有一条顺口溜就能帮助学生解决这一问题。它是：“中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加S。如Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,Swiss-SwissEnglishman-Englishmen,American-AmericansGerman-Germans.极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。口诀：男士、女士a变e；鹅牙脚双o变双e;孩子们想去天安门，原形后面r、e、n;老鼠虱子本爱牛，mouse,louse和ox.解释：goose-geese;mouse-mice;foot-feet.man-men;woman-women;tooth-teeth;foot-feet，child-children，louse-lice，ox-oxen一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例clothes;shoes(鞋子)、sunglasses(太阳镜)、shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀trousers长裤;wages工资写出下例名词的复数形式1、monkey monkeys_ 2、boy_boys_3、duck _ducks_ 4、house _houses_5、bus _buses_ 6、lady _ladies_7、sheep _sheep_ 8、deer _deer_9、child _children_ 10、foot _feet_11、tomato _tomatoes_ 12、roof _roofs_13、desk _desks_ 14、window _windows_15、pencil _pencils_ 16、dish_dishes_17、film _films_ 18、day_days_19、plane _planes_ 20、month _months_21、inch _inches_ 22、village _villages_23、city _cities_ 24、family _families_25、knife _knives_ 26、people _people_27、man _men_ 28、thief _thieves_29、Chinese _Chinese_ 30、glass _glasses_名词的单复数课堂练习一、判断下列名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，并写出他们的复数形式1.air_ 2.baby_ 3.beach _ 4.beef_ 5.boat_6.book_ 7.box_ 8.boy_ 9.bread_ 10.child_11.class_ 12.day_ 13.deer_ 14.exercise_ 15.factory_ 16.fireman_ 17.foot_ 18.fox_ 19.goose_ 20.hand_ 21.horse_ 22.ink _23.key_ 24.knife_ 25.man_26.milk_ 27.mouse_ 28.paper_ 29.party_ 30.photo_31.potato_ 32.rice_ 33.roof_ 34.ruler_ 35.sheep_ 36.thief_ 37.tiger_38.water_ 39.German _ 40.wolf _二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.ChinaandCanadaarebig_(country) 2.Givemetwo_(glass)ofmilk.3.Hereadsome_aboutZhouEnlai.(story)4.Howmany_(people)arethereinyourfamily?5.Haveyougotany_(paper)?Iwanttowritealetter.6.Howmany_(shelf)arethereintheroom?7.Icanseea_standingnearthedoor.(policeman)8.Openyourmouth.Showmeyour_(tooth).9.Those_(pair)ofglovesareforyourmother.10.Pleasegivemesome_(orangejuice),please.11.The_(policemen)overthereismyfather.12.Wouldyoulikesomebottlesof_(milk)?13.MysisterLindaisin_(class)Two,GradeOne.14.Theroombesideourclassroomis_(room)301.三、将下列句子改为复数句1.Thisisanorangecap._2.Shehasgotanicepicture._3.Heresyourcoat._4.Thewomanisanurse._5.Hehasaglassofmilkandsomebreadforbreakfast._6.Shanghaiisabeautifulcity._四、将下列句子改为单数句1.Theseareoldskateboards._2.Arethoseyourfamilyphotos?_3.AretheseyourEnglish-Chinesedictionaries?_4.Therearesomeoldcarsbehindthehouse._5.Therearesomeoldsheeponthefarm._6.Weneedeggsforbreakfast._课后练习一一、写出下列名词的复数形式1.branch2.cherry3.chimney4.church5.desk6.diary7.dress8.goose9.hero10.hoop11.leaf12.library13.map14.ox15.page16.peach17.policeman18.radio19.school20.sheep21.story22.food23.ice24.work25.snow26.rain27.coffee28.tea29.advice30.salt31.sand32.news33.meat34.pork35.tomato36.strawberry37.tooth38.toy39.waitress40.watch二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Doyouwantsome_forsupper?(potato)2.Hehasgottwo_(box)ofchocolatesforhisbirthday.3.Theywanttogetsome_(applejuice)fortomorrowspicnic.4.The_(student)arecleaningthe_(desk)and_(chair)now.5.MayIhavesome_(beer)?6.Thelittleboyisthrowingsome_(paper)ontheground.7.Therearetwo_(library)inourschool.8.Therearesixteen_(class)inNo.1School.9.Jackhasntgotany_(homework)today.10.His_(sister)liketodrinkcoffee.11.Howmany_(child)arethereintheartroom?12.Howmany_(lab)arethereinyourschool?13.Ourmorning_(class)startat8:00.14.Peters_(sheep)arewhiteandfat.15.Thebig_(branch)areveryhigh.16.Therearesome_onthetable.(glass)课后练习二一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Therearetwo_(box)ofsweetsinthebag.2.Wherearethe_(mouse)?Theyreoverthere.3.Wherearethe_(bird)?Theyreonthebranches.4.Wherearethe_?Theyareinthedesk.(schoolbag)5.Arethose_?(bus)6.Hehastwo_(knife).7.WheresJackfrom?Heisfrom_(British).8.Howmany_(class)haveyougotinyourschool?9.Howmany_arethereinyourclass?(student)10.The_(postman)atthegateareChinese.11.My_(Japan)nameisSato.12.These_(be)alotofwaterintheglass.13.Howmany_(watch)arethereinthisshop?14.Sheis10_(year)old.15.Howmany_(tooth)haveyougot?16.Therearesix_(lady)bytheriver.17.Billlikes_(fruit)verymuch.18.Theseare_(wolf).19.Those_(library)arenice.二、将下列句子改为复数句1.ThisteacherinredisfromChina. _2.Thisisanoldbridge._3.Thereisashelfintheoffice._4.Hehasgotalittlepaper. _ 5.Thereisadishonthedesk? _ 6.ThisteacherinredisfromChina._7.Isthatgirlyourfriend? _8.Whosecoatisit? _课后练习三一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.There_(benot)anytelephonesonthetable.2.Arethereany_(knife)inyourpencil-box?3.ChinaandCanadaarebig_(country).4.Those_(woman)arefromJapan.5.Therearetwo_inourschool.(library)6.Howmany_haveyougotinayear?(holiday)7.Whohasgotanew_?(knives)8.Therearethree_overthree.(policeman)9.There_(be)fewpeopleintheplayground.10.Pleasebuysome_(bread)forme.11.Thereareten_(candle)onJanesbirthdaycake.12.Therearethreekindsof_(drink)here.Whichonedoyouwant?13.Therearetwo_(knife)inthepencilbox.14.Ihavetwo_(hobby):collectingstampsandreadingnovels.15.Mr.Smithloveshis_verymuch. (student)16.Howmany_gotoHuangshaneveryday? (bus)17.Idliketotake_(photo)verymuch.18.His_(China)nameisWangLong.二、将下列句子改为单数句1.Thoseareoranges. _2.Theseareourboxes. _3.TheseareAmericanboys. _4.Therearemanypupilsinthestreet. _5.Therearealotoforangesinthegarden. _6.Therearethreechildreninherfamily._7.ThesewomenareAmericans. _8.TheseoldmenarefromJapan. _课后练习四选择填空：()1.Thereissomesweet_onthetable.A.orangeB.milkC.cakeD.apple()2