2019高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit1Friendship（含解析）新人教版.docx

人教必修一Unit 1Friendship李仕才【短文语法填空】Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1. (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close 2. (connect) with particular historical periods，such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence 3. (document) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing.4. (variety) combinations of forms and genres exist.Many or most of these 5. (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty.Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 6. (active) continued up to the year of 1919，7. the May Fourth Movement took place，and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2，500year period of moreorless continuous development shows 8. great deal of diversityclassified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods.Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry，another is 9. (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art，such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10. poetry worldwide.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章简单介绍了中国古诗的一些相关情况。1written考查非谓语动词。中国古诗是用古文写的传统中国诗歌。write与poetry之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。2connections考查名词。空前有形容词close“紧密的”，故空处填名词。connection在此表示“(两种事实、观念等的)联系，关联”，是可数名词，故填名词的复数形式。3is documented考查动词的时态和语态。document在此表示“记录，记载”，是及物动词，document与existence之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且此处表示客观事实，要用一般现在时。4Various考查形容词。存在多种多样的形式和种类的结合体。空处修饰名词combinations，故填形容词various“多种多样的”。5arose考查动词的时态。它们中的很多或者说大部分产生于唐代晚期。arise“产生，出现”，是不及物动词，根据时间状语at the end of the Tang Dynasty可知本句用一般过去时。6actively考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词continued，故用副词actively“活跃地”。7when考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是the year of 1919，空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。8a考查冠词。a great deal of“大量的，许多”，是固定搭配，修饰不可数名词，故填a。9its考查代词。空处指代对象是Classical Chinese poetry，且表示“的”，故填its。易错分析本空容易误填their，因为学生没有弄清楚文章的逻辑关系，以为空处指代的对象是前面的the key aspects。但是如果这样的话，句意就说不通了。10on/upon考查介词。influence“影响”常与介词on/upon连用。一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇ignore vt.不理睬；忽视pack v捆扎；包装；打行李 n小包；包裹upset adj.心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的 vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻calm adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的vt. & vi.使平静；使镇定suffer v遭受；忍受；经历suffering n折磨；苦难recover vt. & vi.痊愈；重新获得recovery n康复；痊愈；复得settle v定居，安家；停留；解决；安排 settlement n定居点；解决disagree vi.不同意 disagreement n不同意 agree v同意 agreement n同意power n能力；力量；权力powerful adj.强大的；有力的powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的concern vt.使担忧；涉及；关系到 n担心；关注；利害关系concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的concerning prep.关于；涉及2常考词汇dislike n. & vt.厌恶loose adj.松的；松开的teenager n十几岁的青少年partner n搭档，合作者tip n提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费vt.倾斜；翻倒exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地exact adj.精确的；准确的outdoors adv.在户外，在野外outdoor adj.户外的，露天的entire adj.整个的；完全的entirely adv.完全地；整个地用所给单词的适当形式填空1My entire (entirely) family is hearing，and so are all my friends.(2017全国卷)2This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering (recover) from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.(2017全国卷)3Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled (settle) in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.(2017全国卷)4I dont know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers (power)(2017全国卷)5Nobody entering a university knows exactly (exact) what they want to study.(2016浙江卷)6Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors(outdoor) and close to plants.(2016全国卷)7The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely(entire) free from dust.(2016北京卷)8Others are_concerned(concern)about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)(2016全国卷)9Rich countries gain more from powerful(power)Nios(厄尔尼诺)，on balance, than they lose.(2016江苏卷)“感谢”家族grateful adj.感激的；gratitude n感激appreciate v感激，感谢；appreciation n感激thank v感谢；thankful adj.感激的acknowledge v鸣谢，感谢；acknowledgement n鸣谢，感谢表示“能力；力量”的单词荟萃power n权力；能力；力量ability n能力competence n能力；胜任energy n精力；能源force n武力strength n力量dis否定前缀高频词集锦disappear vi.消失disappoint vt.使失望discourage vt.使气馁discover vt.发现disobey vt.不服从disability n残疾disadvantage n不利条件；弱点“adv.n.”构成的合成词outdoors adv.在户外；在野外outdoor adj.户外的，露天的indoors adv.在室内；往室内indoor adj.室内的，户内的upstairs adv.在楼上；往楼上adj.楼上的downstairs adv.在楼下；往楼下adj.楼下的uptown adv.在/向住宅区adj.(位于市镇外围)住宅区的downtown adv.在商业/闹市区adj.商业区的，闹市区的【完形填空】We have all heard of giant pandas, and know that they are endangered. When one has babies, it makes national news _1_， and pictures of their babies are _2_ circulated. But it now seems that the giant panda is not _3_ of itself.The lovely animals have _4_ a classic test of selfawareness. They cannot _5_ themselves in the mirror. Researchers use the mirror recognition test to _6_ whether children or animals have a _7_ of selfawareness.In the test, an animal is presented _8_ a mirror. Researchers then watch to see _9_ it notices a mark on its face, which is only _10_ in the mirror. If the animal notices the mark, it often _11_ it. Human children often pass the test when they are only two years old.Many other animals have passed the mirror test, including monkeys, Asian elephants and even pigeons. But when researchers tested pandas, _12_ of them did the same thing as those animals did. _13_， each panda behaved as if their _14_ in the mirror was another panda altogether. They acted as if they were _15_ by what they saw in the mirror, scratching their feet and walking _16_.The _17_ of this research will help design better areas for animals in captivity (圈养). For example, onedirectional glass sometimes used in the areas may _18_ pandas to feel stressed when they see their own image in the _19_. Thats because they might believe it to be another panda, _20_ themselves.1A.papersBcoversCheadlines Dpages2A.widely Bpopularly Cespecially Dcompletely3A.shy BfondCconscious Dconfident4A.failed BignoredCfaced Dconducted5A.observe BdiscoverCrecognize Dunderstand6A.believe in Bfind outCpick out Dtake in7A.sense BquestionCopinion Dthought8A.for BwithCin Dbefore9A.how BwhenCwhy Dwhether10A.touchable BseeableCsensible Dpossible11A.dismisses BadmitsCfeels Dmoves12A.all BmostCone Dnone13A.Thus BHoweverCInstead DStill14A.reaction BreflectionCoperation Dimagination15A.trapped BamazedCthreatened Dteased16A.backwards BaloneCforwards Dalong17A.failure BoutcomeCsuccess Dreview18A.cause BprepareCaccelerate Durge19A.eyes BcagesCzoo Dglass20A.other than Bregardless ofCbecause of Drather than【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文对大熊猫、儿童还有其他的动物都做了有关自我意识感方面的研究，结果显示大熊猫的自我认知很差，即使照镜子，它们也认不出镜子里的自己。1C考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“and know that they are endangered”可推知，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条。C项意为“头条(新闻)”，符合语境。A项意为“报纸”；B项意为“封面”；D项意为“页码”，均与语境不符。故选C项。2A考查副词辨析。上文提到，当一个大熊猫有宝宝后，很快就会上国内新闻头条；由此可推知，大熊猫宝宝的照片会被广泛传阅。A项意为“广泛地”，符合语境。B项意为“流行地”；C项意为“特别地”；D项意为“完全地”，均与语境不符。故选A项。3C考查形容词辨析。根据第二段第一句中的“a classic test of selfawareness”可知，这里指的是现在看起来大熊猫是没有自我意识的。C项意为“有意识的”，符合语境。A项意为“害羞的”；B项意为“喜欢的”；D项意为“自信的”，均与语境不符。故选C项。4A考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“They cannot. have a _ of selfawareness.”可知，可爱的大熊猫没有通过这种经典的自我意识测试。A项意为“失败”，符合语境。B项意为“忽视”；C项意为“面对”；D项意为“指挥，引导”，均与语境不符。故选A项。5C考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Researchers use the mirror recognition.”可知，此处指大熊猫认不出镜子中的自己。C项意为“辨认出”，符合语境。A项意为“观察”；B项意为“发现”；D项意为“理解”，均与语境不符。故选C项。6B考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或动物是否有自我认知。B项意为“找到，弄清楚”，符合语境。A项意为“相信，信任”；C项意为“挑选出”；D项意为“吸收，欺骗”，均与语境不符。故选B项。7A考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指自我认知，是一种感觉。A项意为“感觉”，a sense of为固定搭配，意为“一种感”，符合语境。B项意为“问题”；C项意为“观点”；D项意为“想法”，均与语境不符。故选A项。8B考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在实验中，动物在镜子中呈现出来。表示使用某种工具，应用介词with。9D考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究者想观察大熊猫是否能注意到它脸上的记号。故选D项。10B考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，在自己脸上的标记，只有在镜子中才能看到。B项意为“可见的”，符合语境。A项意为“可触摸的”；C项意为“可觉察的”；D项意为“可能的”，均与语境不符。故选B项。11C考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Many other animals have passed the mirror test”可知，此处指如果动物注意到脸上的标记，它会感受到这个标记的。C项意为“感受，感觉”，符合语境。A项意为“解雇，解散”；B项意为“承认”；D项意为“移动”，均与语境不符。故选C项。12D考查代词辨析。根据上文及转折词“but”可知，此处指没有一只大熊猫像其他动物一样能感受到脸上的标记。故选D项。13C考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“相反，每一只大熊猫表现得就像镜子里的影像是其他大熊猫”。C项意为“代替，而不是”，符合语境。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“然而”；D项意为“仍然”，均与语境不符。故选C项。14B考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，镜子中应是映照出的影像。B项意为“映像，倒影”，符合语境。A项意为“反应”；C项意为“操作，手术”；D项意为“想象”。均与语境不符。故选B项。15C考查动词辨析。根据下文中熊猫的反应可知，熊猫表现出好像受到镜子中“自己”的威胁。C项意为“威胁”，符合语境。A项意为“使陷入困境，卡住”；B项意为“使惊讶”；D项意为“取笑，戏弄”，均与语境不符。故选C项。16A考查副词辨析。根据常识可知，害怕会向后退。A项意为“向后”，符合语境。B项意为“独自地”；C项意为“向前”；D项意为“一起，沿着”，均与语境不符。故选A项。17B考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指研究的结果。B项意为“结果”，符合语境。A项意为“失败”；C项意为“成功”；D项意为“复习”，均与语境不符。故选B项。18A考查动词辨析。由语境可知，此处指可以成像的玻璃会让大熊猫感到有压力。cause sb. to do sth. 意为“导致某人做某事”，符合语境。B项意为“准备”；C项意为“加速”；D项意为“督促”，均与语境不符。故选A项。19D考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“onedirectional glass”可知，glass符合语境。故选D项。20D考查介词短语辨析。由语境可知，此处指这就是因为大熊猫相信镜子里是别的大熊猫而不是自己。D项意为“而不是”，符合语境。A项意为“除了”；B项意为“不管”；C项意为“因为”，均与语境不符。故选D项。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词介词/副词(名词)add up合计calm(.) down(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来go through经历；经受；完成；仔细检查set down记下；放下；登记suffer from遭受；患病pack (sth.) up将(东西)装箱打包join in参加；加入fall in love相爱；爱上2介词名词on purpose故意地；有目的地at dusk 在黄昏时刻3be/get过去分词/副词介词be concerned about关心；挂念get/be tired of对厌烦get along/on with与相处；进展4其他形式face to face 面对面地in order to 为了a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套have got to不得不；必须用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed_down.(2017全国卷)2. In_order_to make a change, you need to decide why its important.(2017全国卷)3This delicious tour goes_through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.(2017全国卷)4I learned that if you fall_in_love with something and do it all the time，you will get better at it.(2016天津卷)5Id be very grateful if you could take some time to go_through them and make necessary changes.(2016全国卷)6The psychologist Michael has studied this cooperativeness(协作) in a_series_of experiments with very young children.(2016江苏卷)动词down(写、记)短语小结write down写下copy down抄下put down记下note down记下set down记下；放下；登记take down记下，记录go短语荟萃go about走来走去，(谣言等)流传go across走过，越过go after追逐，追求，跟随go against反对，不利于go ahead前进，进展，继续go up上升，上涨，增加go through审查，履行，通过，经历，忍受动词up短语一览add up合计do up整理pack up装箱打包fix up修理，安排，装置clear up整理，收拾，放晴三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。while walking the dog为状语从句的省略句式。爬山时，我们欣赏到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。While_climbing_the_mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.2.She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。before 引导时间状语从句，意为“在之后才”。如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。If you miss this chance, it may be years before_you_get_another_one_.3.I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。its .that.是强调句型。直到我来到了这里我才意识到这个地方不仅以美景闻名，而且它的天气也很有名。It_was_not_until_I_came_here_that_I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.4.It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。It/This/That is/was the first time that sb. has(have)/had done sth.“这/那是某人第一次做某事”。这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使我们都很吃惊。It is the third time that she has_won_the_race_，which has surprised us all.【短文改错】Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 800 am.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic