MFC程序设计基础

MFC程序设计基础1. MFC是采用面向对象程序设计技术对Windows API函数特点：（1）文档视图类（2）窗口类，对话框类，DC类，字符串类(CString)（3）消息映射（4）工具栏，状态栏，切分视图，滚动视图（5）数据库类，通讯类2. MFC的程序入口被隐藏在应用程序框架内部(Appmodul.cpp)3. 一个MFC项目的创建(以Visual Studio 2010为例)4. 基于MFC的形状控制器（1）标题与初始窗口大小设置在CProj2App:InitInstance()函数中更改窗口标题：m_pMainWnd-SetWindowTextW(_T(Shape Control);在CMainFrame类中修改窗口大小：BOOL CMainFrame:PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)cs.cx = 600;cs.cy = 480;（2）绘制形状在视图类OnDraw函数中绘制图形void CProj2View:OnDraw(CDC* pDC)CProj2Doc* pDoc = GetDocument();ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);if (!pDoc)return;pDC-SelectObject(new CBrush(RGB(0, 128, 255);pDC-Ellipse(100, 100, 300, 250);在视图类中增加成员变量：int m_x;int m_y;int m_len;int m_wid;enum ELLIPSE, RECTANGLEm_shape;在视图类构造函数中初始化：CProj2View:CProj2View()m_x = 200;m_y = 175;m_len = 200;m_wid = 150;m_shape = ELLIPSE;重写OnDraw函数中的形状绘制代码：void CProj2View:OnDraw(CDC* pDC)pDC-SelectObject(new CBrush(RGB(0, 125, 255);if(m_shape = ELLIPSE)pDC-Ellipse(m_x-m_len/2, m_y-m_wid/2, m_x+m_len/2, m_y+m_wid/2);elsepDC-Rectangle(m_x-m_len/2, m_y-m_wid/2, m_x+m_len/2, m_y+m_wid/2);（3）显示文字在OnDraw函数中添加代码：CString strInfo;strInfo.Format(_T(x=%d, y=%d, len=%d, wid=%d), m_x, m_y, m_len, m_wid);pDC-SetBkMode(TRANSPARENT);pDC-TextOut(m_x-m_len/2, m_y, strInfo);（4）鼠标交互控制形状位置右键单击视图类，在属性选项中激活消息映射列表，选择WM_LBUTTIONDOWN消息，并添加函数到视图类。MFC将自动生成如下代码：void CProj2View:OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point)/ TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call defaultCView:OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point);添加如下代码至OnLButtonDown函数：m_x = point.x;m_y = point.y;Invalidate(TRUE);（5）添加菜单项在资源视图中选择Menu下的IDR_MAINFRAME。添加新的菜单项Shape及子项Ellipse，Rectangle和Animate，并设置对应ID为ID_SHAPE_ELLIPSE，ID_SHAPE_RECTANGLE和ID_SHAPE_ANIMATE。添加消息映射至视图类：系统将自动生成下列代码：void CProj2View:OnShapeEllipse()/ TODO: Add your command handler code herevoid CProj2View:OnShapeRectangle()/ TODO: Add your command handler code herevoid CProj2View:OnShapeAnimate()/ TODO: Add your command handler code here在OnShapeEllipse函数中添加代码：m_shape = ELLIPSE;Invalidate(TRUE);在OnShapeRectangle函数中添加代码：m_shape = Rectangle;Invalidate(TRUE);（6）动画设置设置定时器bool m_bAnimationOn;m_bAnimationOn = false;在OnShapeAnimate中添加代码：m_bAnimationOn = !m_bAnimationOn;if(m_bAnimationOn)SetTimer(1,500,NULL);elseKillTimer(1);映射WM_TIMER消息，生成下列函数：void CProj2View:OnTimer(UINT_PTR nIDEvent)/ TODO: Add your message handler code here and/or call defaultCView:OnTimer(nIDEvent);在函数中修改形状位置：m_x = rand()%200+100;m_y = rand()%200+75;Invalidate(TRUE);（7）形状参数设置对话框在资源中选择Dialog后选择Insert Dialog。通过Toolbox添加静态文本和编辑框控件，其中编辑框控件对应ID分别为：ID_EDIT_X, ID_EDIT_Y, ID_EDIT_LEN, ID_EDIT_WID。双击对话框自动生成对话框类CSetShapeDlg。在对话框中关联编辑控件对应公有数据成员：int m_edtX;int m_edtY;int m_edtLen;int m_edtWid;映射按钮ok对应函数并添加代码：void CSetShapeDlg:OnBnClickedOk()/ TODO: Add your control notification handler code hereUpdateData(TRUE);CDialogEx:OnOK();在菜单栏Shape中加入菜单子项Set Shape并添加事件处理函数：void CProj2View:OnShapeSetting()/ TODO: Add your command handler code here在视图类头文件中包含：#include SetShapeDlg.h并添加代码如下：CSetShapeDlg dlg;dlg.m_edtX = m_x;dlg.m_edtY = m_y;dlg.m_edtLen = m_len;dlg.m_edtWid = m_wid;if(IDOK=dlg.DoModal()m_x = dlg.m_edtX;m_y = dlg.m_edtY;m_len = dlg.m_edtLen;m_wid =