《unit1laughterisgoodforyou课件》高中英语译林版模块六_8

Grammar and usage 非谓语动词 李金星,Verb-ed form Verb-ed phrases Verb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives,Verb-ed form,Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and object complement(宾语补足语) When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attributive clause.,The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.,Please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences.,1) The handwritten notes are from jack.,2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.,3) A dark-haired man went into the room.,adjective,4) The cake was left untouched on the table.,5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage,adverb,1. attribute(定语),1) A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.,We should drink boiled water.,We should drink water which has been boiled.,The functions of verb-ed form,They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.,They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.,2) Generally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.,the escaped criminal 逃犯,past,the developed countries 发达国家,past,a widely used language,passive,the retired scientist,past,the highly praised scientist,passive,fallen leaves 落叶,past,the risen sun 升起的太阳,past,the exploited classes 被剥削阶级,passive,3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.,The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.,The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.,The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.,The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.,Scientific experiments carried out by students without the teachers instructions can be dangerous.,Scientific experiments which are carried out by,a. The _ (手写的)notes are from Jack. b. The kidnappers were using a_ (偷来的) car. c. We should drink _(煮沸的)water. d. They took the _ (受伤的)woman to the nearby hospital at once.,stolen,handwritten,boiled,injured,Fill in the blanks using verb-ed forms.,Can you change them into attributive clauses?,消防员在营救那些被困在火里的人。,The firemen were rescuing the people trapped in the fire.,The firemen were rescuing the people who were trapped in the fire.,试用两种句式翻译下面的句子。,4) A verb-ed can also be used as a non-restrictive attribute (非限定性定语) which is separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗号).,The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.,The books, which were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.,The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.,The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success.,2. predicative (表语) It can be put after some link-verbs (系动词) such as: be, seem, appear, look, sound ,feel, remain, stay, become,1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.,2) The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.,3. Object complement (宾语补足语) It can be used after some verbs such as: see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep ,1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood.,2) I had my hair cut yesterday.,3) She found the door locked.,4. A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.,The girl lay in bed lost in thought.,The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.,The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.,The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.,A verb-ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object or /and adverbial. The verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial(状语) to express the time, the reason and condition,The usage of verb-ed phrases,Key for Exercise A : (1) disappointed (2) puzzled (3) excited (4) thrilled (5) interested (6) bored,Key for Exercise B:,2. The problems created by cloning will soon be clear.,3. We dont want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.,1. A verb-ed phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. It can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial.,1) She left the restaurant, disappointed.,2) She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.,3) Heated, water changes into steam.,4) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.,5) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.,2. Passive verb-ed phrases can express time, reason and condition. We can use adverbial clauses(状语从句) to rewrite the phrases.,1) time,Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,When the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful.,When completed, the museum will be open to the public.,When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.,Once seen, it can never be forgotten.,Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.,2) reason,Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.,Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.,Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.,3) condition,Given more time, we could do it much better.,If we were given more time, we could do it much better.,Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.,Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.,(= If she was compared with other professors.),3. Understood subject (逻辑主语 ),1) The understood subject is usually the same as the subject of the main clause. (refer to the above sentences),2) When verb-ed is used as adverbial(状语) or predicative(表语), its understood subject is the subject of the main sentence. 例如：,She became discouraged at the news.,3) 动词ed形式作定语时,它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。,The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.,4) verbed形式在句中作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语,它们之间的关系是被动关系。,Key to Exercise A,2. Encouraged by her teachers, Suzie did well at school.,3. Inspired by his grandfather, the child wrote more poems.,4. Bored by the game, the dog will not play any more.,People have always been _(interesting/ interested) in finding out about world records. 2. Jack went to visit the two brothers and found that their knowledge _(amazing/amazed).,Choose the correct answer.,interested,amazing,3. After being told several times, Mr. Smith still felt _(puzzled/ puzzling). 4. The film “Pearl Harbor” is really _(exciting/excited). 5. His response to the question was quite _(disappointed/ disappointing).,puzzled,exciting,disappointing,P49 A B,1.prove,vt.证明,证实,prove sth.,prove that,prove oneself (to be) +adj./n.,He proved himself to be a great scientist.,link-v.,prove (to be) +adj.,The method proved to be effective.,prove (to be)+adj.+ n.,He proved a successful manager.,prove to be + n.,高考链接 It is a challenging profession. (P49) 考点 challenging adj. 具有挑战性的。其名词形式为challenge，挑战，质疑。 考例 Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. (天津2006) A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge,点拨 选C。句意为：在当今世界找到信息很容易，难题 (challenge) 在于你如何判断你获取的信息是否有用。ability能力；competition比赛，竞争；knowledge知识。,即时训练,They sat still in the room _. A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawing C. with the curtains drawn D. with the curtains being drawn,C,2. _,