2019年高考英语考纲解读专题20任务型阅读（七选五）教学案.docx

专题20 任务型阅读（七选五）【2019考纲解读】七选五的题型主要考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握，其考点设置主要包括：1.主题句；2.过渡句；3.推断句。【命题规律】七选五的题型以说明文和议论文居多，这两种文体的结构都比较清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查学生综合阅读能力的要求。其特点如下：1选择基本为300词左右的说明文或议论文。2短文篇章结构常为：提出问题解决问题。3七个选项意义上都与短文相关，设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题类、过渡句类、细节类。4选项均为完整句子，句型不一。【题型示例】例1. (2018全国)Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room.A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in.Do you want a room thats full of life？Professional？Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day？ _1. _ ，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _2. _ ，they can get a little complex.But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home：the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones. _3. _ .Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows，mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa，small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or bookshelves. _4. _ .They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings，and floors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _5. _ .AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure，because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways文章大意：颜色是房间设计的基本要素之一。这篇说明文介绍了大、中、小三种规模物品的颜色选择及各自的优点。【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.G 5.F2.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all of them相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境，故为答案。本设空类型属于细节理解类。3.解析：解本题可用设题位置法。上一段最后提到the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones，再结合最后两段首句中的medium color choices和the large color decisions可判断，本段介绍small color choices，故选D项。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。4.解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。根据空后的require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space可知，这里讲述两个方面，这与G项中的in two major ways相照应。本设空类型属于细节理解类。【举一反三】(2018全国)If you are already making the time to exercise，it is good indeed！With such busy lives，it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. _1._ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. _2._ Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. _3._ If you work out in the mornings，then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day，not in your sleep. _4._ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. _5._ If you work out bright and early in the morning，you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food？You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out，especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out！You will feel energized all day long.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise，you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly，or youre doing it now，then listen up！文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们挤出时间锻炼身体的好处，而晨练的好处更大，对身体和工作都有所裨益。【答案】1.G 2.E 3.F 4.B 5.A3.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处，F项意为“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”。F项中的关键词throughout the day与文中的the whole day呼应。故选F。本设空类型为细节理解类。4.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。本题考查段落主题。本段提到slept better，difficult to relax，a peaceful sleep，因此这一段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠，因此选B。本设空类型为段落主题句类。5.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由本段的关键词stick to healthy food choices，eating junk food，positive choices等可知，这一段说的是晨练对饮食的影响，因此选A。本设空类型为段落主题句类。【举一反三】(2018全国)Before there was the written word，there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow，life and death，and everything else in between. _1._ We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.“I adore dancing，” says Lester Bridges，the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful. _2._ Its great to watch them.For many of them，its a way of meeting people and having a social life.” _3._ “I can tell you about one young couple，” says Bridges.“Theyre learning to do traditional dances.They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _4._ ”So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better，calmer，healthier？Andrea Hillier says，“Dance，like the pattern of a beating heart，is life.Even after all these years，I want to get better and better. _5._ I find it hard to stop！Dancing reminds me Im alive.”ASo why do we dance？BDance in the US.is everywhere.CIf you like dancing outdoors，come to America.DMy older students say it makes them feel young.EI keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.FDancing seems to change their feeling completely.GThey stayed up all night long singing and dancing.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。跳舞在美国很常见。Bridges是美国爱荷华州的一个舞蹈工作室的老板，在文章中他分析跳舞的好处，解释人们学习舞蹈的原因，表达自己对舞蹈的热爱。【答案】1.B 2.D 3.A 4.F 5.E2.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。 D项中的them指代my older students。空后的两个them也指代my older students。3.解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。 由本段中的“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，跳舞可以让原本情绪低落的他们变得开心，故A项(那么我们为什么跳舞呢？)符合语境。4.解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由上句“They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.”可知，他们跳完舞后，精神状态发生了很大的变化。故F项(舞蹈似乎完全改变了他们的感觉)符合语境。5.解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。由空后的“I find it hard to stop！”可知E项(我即使在极其疲惫的时候，也坚持练习)符合语境。【变式探究】(2018北京)Why Do We Get Angry？Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior，and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get angry are triggering(触发)events，personality traits(特征)，and our assessment of situations. _1._ Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.However，here are some examples：being cut off in traffic，a deadline approaching，experiencing physical pain，and much more. _2._ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits.Each person，no matter who they are，has psychological imbalances.People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. _3._ Also，sometimes preanger does not have to do with a lasting condition，but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred. _4._ Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of preanger，or anger itself.Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. _5._ However，anger can easily turn violent，and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.With these main reasons in mind，we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.AOur attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.BBut some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.CAnger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait，and is usually advised to reduce it.DAnger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.EHaving these personality traits implies the preanger state，where anger is in the background of your mind.FUnderstanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.GNot everyone acts the same in response to events，and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生气的几种原因。人们通过了解生气的原因，可以控制好自己的情绪而不去生气，由此减少生气对自己造成的危害。 【答案】1.F 2.G 3.E 4.A 5.D3.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空前的personality traits以及空后的preanger锁定选项E中的personality traits implies the preanger state。由此可知选E项。4.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由空后的situations，create锁定选项A中的on situations can create anger within us，即对于某些情况的态度和看法是生气的原因。【变式探究】(2018浙江)Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course，you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _1._ Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat，clean，and in good repair. _2._ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape，you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second，take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk，take along a small garbage bag. _3._ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area. _4._ If a neighbor is going to be out of town，offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness，offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable，while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. _5._ By following the basic rules of respecting others，taking care of what belongs to you，and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general，you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.AIn general，keep an eye on their property while they are gone.BA good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.CBeing a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.DSometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.EShould you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up.FPeople tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.GHere are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居欣赏的小技巧。本文为“总分”结构，从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居。【答案】1.G 2.F 3.E 4.B 5.C1.解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。通读全文可知，本文是“总分”结构。由第二段中的“.one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep.”以及第三段的second可知，本题选G，也就是本文的主题句。4.解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。由本段中的you are there to help in any way可知，选B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人”。5.解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的respecting others，taking care of，taking pride in都是替别人着想的表现，故C项符合语境。【变式探究】(2017全国)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1.The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness. 3. Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. 4. We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. 5. It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程。.3.A解析：考查前后句的连贯。前句说，作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，后句说，这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调。故选A，起承上启下的作用。4.F解析：考查上下文的连贯。本段讲述作者一家开始野营，并采购很多野营的装备。由此可知，自上次活动以来作者一家对野营活动非常感兴趣。故本空选F。5.E解析：考查总结概括的能力。上文讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的转变过程，由此可见，作者已经完全喜欢上了野营活动。故本空选E。【变式探究】 (2017全国)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.1.，there are several ways to handle things. Lets take a look at them now.2.Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then. 3.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.When you need to someone, dont do it in your own office.4.， its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 5. If someone knocks and its not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.AIf youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noBWhen you want to avoid interruptions at work CSet boundaries for yourself as your time goesDIf youre in the other persons office or in a public areaEIts important that you let them know when youll be availableFIt might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt youGLeave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。2.A解析：考查主题句。根据下文的”Tell the person youre sorry.ask if the two of you can talk at a different time”可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。3.E解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then”及下文的“It can help to”可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。4.D解析：考查承启句。根据上文的“dont do it in your own office”以及下文的“excuse yourself to get back to your work”可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D项。5.G解析：考查承启句。根据本段的首句“If you have a door to your of fice，make good use of it”以及下文的“when the door is closed”可知，G项符合文意。(2017北京)Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.1.One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2. We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3.Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new informationour brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5. “You keep what matters，” Tononi says.AWe should also try to sleep well the night before.BIts as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.CSimilarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.DThe processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.EThats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F“Sleep is the price we pay for learning，” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.GTononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆，为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。3.F解析：考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间，且由第四段第一句中的人称代词he可知，F项正确。4.G解析：考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，而空后的内容介绍了实验结果，故可推知空处应是介绍了Tononi做的相关实验，故G项正确。5.B解析：考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词protected，stayed以及空后的keep，matters可知，B项正确。【变式探究】 (2017浙江)How to Do ManontheStreet InterviewsThe manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport. 1. But with these tips, your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy. When your boss or professor sends you out to do manonthestreet interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America,