解析英语中的完型填空.ppt

解析英语中的完形填空,地位分析：作为一种传统题型，完形填空有重要的地位， 它是一项综合性的测试，它测试的不仅仅是学生对词汇、 语法的掌握程度，更重要的在于测试学生对语言的确切理 解程度和综合运用能力。它要求考生知识面要广，词汇量 要大，语法知识要牢，阅读理解能力要强。而且，了解并 掌握基本的解题步骤和技巧也是必不可少的。,解题第一步：通读全文，了解文章大意 这是做完形填空的第一步，以快速阅读的方式浏览全文 了解文章大意，抓住主题和关键词，为解题做好准备。,题目：,When we talk about the universe,we 36 the earth,the sun,the moon and the stars,and the space 37 them.Scientists have always wanted to know more about the universe. Years 38 they knew many things about the moon.They knew 39 it was and how far away it was from the earth. 40 they wanted to know more about it.They thought the best way was to send 41 to the moon.In 1969,two Americans landed on the moon. The moon is about 384 000 kilometres away from the earth.A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air 42 only 240 kilometres away from the earth.But something can fly even when there is no 43 .That is a rocket(火箭). 44 does a rocket fly?There is gas(气体)in it.When the gas is made very 45 inside the rocket,it will rush out of the end of rocket,so it can make the rocket 46 the sky. Rockets can fly far out into space.Rockets with people in them 47 the moon.Several rockets without people in them have 48 to another planet(行星)much farther away than the moon.One day rockets 49 be able to go to 50 place in space.,通读文章后，我们发现这篇文章主要介绍了关于人类探索宇宙，特别是月球的相关知识。 由此判断，这是一篇科技类的短文。,解题第二步：抓住首尾句 在阅读时要特别注意文章的第一句和最后一句，因为它们 通常是文章的主题句，是全文的中心所在。从第一句中可 以看出作者的写作目的，把握作者的写作思路以及文章将 要叙述的内容。而最后一句是作者对文章内容的归纳总结， 表明作者的观点和态度，有利于加强考生对文章的理解。,首句： When we talk about the universe,we 36 the earth,the sun,the moon and the stars, and the space 37 them.,尾句： One day rockets 49 be able to go to 50 place in space.,首句介绍人们对于宇宙的认识。,尾句表达了人类对于探索宇宙的决心。,解题第三步：根据语言知识和语法知识解题 完形填空中有相当一部分题涉及各种句子结构、基本语法 要点、固定搭配以及习惯用法。因此，在解题时需要运用 掌握的语言知识和语法知识解题。,When we talk about the universe,we 36 the earth,the sun,the moon and the stars,and the space 37 them.,36.A.know B.mean C.say D.point,37.A.without B.behind C.between D.over,第36题考查的是根据上下文选择正确动词的能力。根据句意，横线所填词应理解为： 表示的意思，故选B。,第37题考查的是介词between的用法， between指“在之间”，可以表示时间、位置、 数量、状态、相互关系、共同作用的结果（效果）等。between通常指“在（两者）之间”， 一般可与and连接。,中考真题解析： 考查介词 Guess, how much does it cost? I think it costs 15 and 20 dollars. from B. between C. among D. with,Years 38 they knew many things about the moon.,38.A.before B.after C.later D.ago,38题考查的是时态，由动词knew判断本句描述的是一般过去式，事情发生在之前，故 选用表示过去式的时间副词ago。,The moon is about 384 000 kilometres away from the earth.A plane cannot fly to the moon because the air 42 only 240 kilometres away from the earth. 44 does a rocket fly?,42.A.gets B.reaches C.arrives D.stays 44.A.Where B.When C.How D.What,42题选用动词应表示“到达”，但要用及物动词，只有reach是及物动词,get跟to, arrive跟 at或in， stay跟at。,.,44题考查的是特殊疑问词的正确用法，文中作者提出疑问“火箭是怎样飞行的”，故用how,中考题解析： 考查及物动词和不及物动词搭配 Tom told me his parents had arrived Beijing. A. at B. on C. in D. to,arrive不及物动词，大地方加in 小地方加at,北京是大地方加in,it will rush out of the end of rocket,so it can make the rocket 46 the sky. Rockets can fly far out into space.Rockets with people in them 47 the moon. Several rockets without people in them have 48 to another planet(行星)much farther away than the moon.,46题考查的是：1. 动词make的用法，使某人做某事常用：make sb do sth. 后接动词原形,中考真题解析： How did Ling Feng make the baby （stop）crying?,stop,2. 动词短语搭配，句中要表达“火箭飞入天空”，故用fly up into.,46.A.to run out of B.run out of C.to fly up into D.fly up into 47.A.have been to B.have gone to C.have been in D.have gone in 48.A.visited B.flown C.risen D.fallen,47题主要考查have been to 和 have gone to的区别。去过某地已回来用have been to ， 去过某地未回来用have gone to。文中判断人类去过月球而且已经回来，故选A。,48题考查的是动词的正确选用，火箭飞行用fly,fly的过去分词是flown。,解题第四步：联系上下文，进行逻辑推理 完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句 的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文章是一个完整的统一体， 词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，此时，需要在上下 文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑揄， 抓住仁慈语言信息的词语，理顺句与句之间的关系，确定 合理的答案。,Years 38 they knew many things about the moon.They knew 39 it was and how far away it was from the earth. 40 they wanted to know more about it.They thought the best way was to send 41 to the moon.In 1969,two Americans landed on the moon.,39.A.how long B.how heavy C.how wide D.how big 40.A.So B.Because C.After D.But 41.A.men B.satellites C.spaceships D.news,39题考查的是疑问词的用法。“”how long“问事物和时间的长短，”how heavy“问事物的 重量，”how wide“问事物的宽度，”how big”问事物的大小。从上下文中我们知道，作者 要问的是月球的大小，故应用“how big”来问。,40题考查的是连接词的正确选用。从上下文判断因为是转折关系，故用but。,41题应根据后文“In 1969,two Americans landed on the moon.”推敲出我们已将人送上月球，故选“men”。,中考题解析： 考查疑问词 _ can you be ready, Andy? In ten minutes. A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How soon,In ten minutes指五分钟之后，而how soon 问的就是“多久之后”。,But something can fly even when there is no 43 .That is a rocket(火箭).,When the gas is made very 45 inside the rocket,it will rush out of the end of rocket,43题根据句意推测火箭在没有空气的环境下也能飞行，故填air。,45题要从上下句推敲，只有炙热的气体才能将火箭推射升空，这也是考查学生的课外 知识。,43.A.air B.space C.cloud D.smoke,45.A.cook B.cold C.hot D.warm,One day rockets 49 be able to go to 50 place in space.,49.A.can B.may C.need D.would 50.A.any B.some C.a D.the,最后一句表达了作者对于人类以后探索宇宙的想法。但这也是对于未来的一种猜测。 故此49题应选用可能性较小的情态动词may。,50题根据句意推测，以后人类有可能到达太空中的任何地方，只有any符合句意。,中考题解析： 考查情态动词 Whos that boy reading in th