2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（5）含解析.docx

2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（5）李仕才AWinston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.His CigarsThe classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar becoming soggy (湿软的), Churchill invented the bellybando, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end.At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight.His Black DogThroughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his black dog. At times, his depression was so severe that he didnt like standing close to a passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would commit suicide.When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how all the colors come back into the picture.1. Why did Churchills security team insist on checking the cigars?A. To test if they were safe for Churchill.B. To see if they were of the best quality.C. To make sure they were Churchills favorite.D. To guarantee they were not out of date.2. Which of the following best shows Churchills love of cigars?A. He fell in love with cigars at a young age.B. He smoked many cigars every day.C. He invented the bellybando.D. He had an oxygen mask specially designed for smoking.3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?A. Churchill became energetic again.B. Churchill remained depressed.C. Churchill drew colorful pictures.D. Churchill liked to talk about colors.4. What is probably the best title of the passage?A. Achievements of ChurchillB. Anecdotes about ChurchillC. Personalities of ChurchillD. Hobbies of Churchill【文章大意】丘吉尔是英国最受欢迎的首相，文章介绍丘吉尔的一些奇闻轶事。1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison.可知，丘吉尔的安全部队坚持要检查雪茄，为了检测是否它们对丘吉尔是安全的。故选A。 3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning.可知，丘吉尔精力充沛的时候，经常工作和交谈直到凌晨。下文是他对精力充沛的描写。故选A。 4. B【解析】标题判断题。根据文章内容和第一段的句子While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.可知，文章主要介绍丘吉尔的奇闻轶事。故选B。BNot wrong to refuseWe all have a right to say “no”.Many of us feel that if we say well do something,we cant change our minds and back out.This isnt true.We have the ability to make our own decisions,and to say “no” whenever we feel we need to.I have a friend who used to say yes to every job she was offered.It wasnt long before she found herself exhausted and overworked,and ready to call it quits.After one particularly difficult week of working straight through with no days off,my friend realized something needed to change.She was trying so hard to please the people around her that she forgot about her own needs in the process.After a while of saying yes to everything,my friend began to say no to jobs based on certain things.If it is something that helps you,go ahead and make a list of requirements in order to say yes.Or maybe you just decide to say no three times a week.The important thing is to remember that it is completely OK to say no to people,and that you dont have to justify (证明是正当的) why youve done so.I think this is something that trips up a lot of people,myself included.Not only do we feel as though we cant say no,but we feel as though if we do say no,we have to have an amazing reason for doing so,and the person we are saying no to has to somehow be OK with it,or we must feel guilty.If we can start saying no,and stop justifying ourselves for every decision we make,we might just be happier.But we have to start one step at a time.These behaviors are part of us and they cant just be changed overnight (一夜间).We can become aware,and work to change them one behavior at a time.Today,I challenge you to say no to something that you would normally say yes to.If you dont feel comfortable with that quite yet,just try to become aware of the times youre justifying your actions to yourself and others.Try to stop and remind yourself that you have your reasons,and others dont need to know them.1.According to the article,we can infer that the authors friend .A.was forbidden to have a day off for her jobB.finally decided to practice saying no three times a weekC.was valued in the company because of her love of helpingD.realized she should consider her own needs when making decisions2.The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refers to “”.A.having to give reasons for a refusalB.saying no a certain number of times a weekC.an important thing to rememberD.it being OK to say no to people3.What is the authors suggestion when you begin to refuse others?A.Develop a habit of refusing others every day.B.Remind yourself that refusal is your right and is something you will get used to gradually.C.Explain your reason to others and dont make them angry.D.Stop saying yes and challenge yourself to say no immediately.4.The author wrote this article mainly to .A.explain what makes it difficult for people to refuse othersB.explain the benefits and disadvantages of refusing othersC.tell readers that we should refuse other people in certain casesD.tell a story about her friend who couldnt help but please others1.D推理判断题。此题可定位至文章第二、三段,根据作者的描述,这位朋友之前总是做给她的所有工作,但自己却筋疲力尽,最终她认识到自己也有需要,因此答案为D项。2.A词义猜测题。根据第三段末尾和第四段开头可知,此处this指代的是前文的“have to justify(证明是正当的) why youve done so”,正是这样的行为和心态束缚了大多数人,因此答案为A项。其他三项均不是this所指代的内容。3.B推理判断题。此题可定位至文章最后两段,最后两段中作者表示,这是一种习惯,我们不可能一夜之间改变,只能一步一步来,逐步习惯,而且我们要保持一种心态,即:拒绝别人是我们的权利,也是很正常的一件事,因此答案为B项。4.C主旨大意题。通读文章我们可以看出,作者一直在告诉读者拒绝是我们的权利,也是很正常的事情,在某些情况下我们应该习惯拒绝别人,学着拒绝别人,因此答案为C项。C“Plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we cant yet quantify.”The change was big in coldblooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.Warmblooded animals werent immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.This is not the first time this has happened in Earths history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.The speed of modern climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。1Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AWhy do some species become smaller?BHow does temperature change in Earths history?CClimate change has many negative effectsDSpecies become smaller as climate warms答案：D标题概括题。通读全文及第二段首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故D项正确。2The underlined word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _.Abeen neglected byBhad strong influences thanCbeen weakened byDbeen less than答案：B词义猜测题。根据本句中的but可知，画线词与其前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加会使植物个体变大”是转折关系，并根据下文中气温、湿度、可利用的营养等条件对生物的影响可知，这些条件的改变似乎比二氧化碳浓度增加更有影响力。故B项正确。3Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that _.Ahow climate change effects animals size has not been found clearlyBall the animals on the earth have become smallerCtoo many studies on animals size have been doneDpeople can avoid the negative effects of climate change答案：A细节理解题。文章第三段研究人员提到“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved”，其中the mechanisms指的是气候变暖影响了生物个体大小的机制，故A项正确。4What can we learn from the passage?AClimate change has even affected plankton negatively.BBirds have suffered more from climate change than fish.CAnts, bees and spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.DA warming event causing species to become smaller has never happened before.答案：A细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“There is a recent report on warmer temperatures negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故A项正确。5Whats the authors attitude toward climate change in the passage?AConcerned. BOptimistic.CIndifferent. DConfident.答案：A观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，作者对气候变暖对生物的影响有些担忧。故A项Concerned(关心的)符合语境。D(2017北京东城二模)In the face of the tensions and pressures every single day,a sense of humor can be helpful.The ability to laugh is very important to our fullest development and to our “mental health”.And if we can laugh at ourselves,were even further along the road to self-fulfillment.Consider the following example.Gordon is hoping to become a professional singer.He has a good voice,and has performed in public many times.But hes very sensitive about his abilities.For instance,if his voice coach suggests he practice a particular song a few more times until he gets it right,Gordon falls apart,absolutely certain that the coach is implying that he isnt any good and he has no future in music.He mentioned his sensitivity in his paper for a psychology class.The psychology professor called him in,outwardly to talk about the paper,but hoping to give the boy a chance to open up about the problem.The teacher rarely told her students what they ought to do,but she felt Gordon should know that such extreme sensitivity would make it difficult for him in the entertainment field,where stage personnel,and fellow performers often are very hard on new talent.She asked Gordon if he felt he had made necessary preparations to follow through in such a competitive and difficult business.Gordon got angry with the teacher,pointing a brave finger at her,and told her she was “dead wrong” about him.Further,Gordon asked what she could possibly know about music and the pressures of the profession.The teacher stood up and turned Gordon around,right in the middle of a sentence,asking him to continue,but to watch himself in the mirror on the back of the office door as he talked.Gordon tried to go on,pointing and gesticulating(做手势),but suddenly he saw his expression in the mirror,then when he turned to face the psychologist,he noticed a smile beginning to form on the teachers face.At the very top of his “outburst,” Gordon burst out laughing.He stopped his aggressive talk and asked the teacher if he looked that ridiculous all the time.Seeing himself “objectively” made Gordon realize that how ridiculous it was to take himself so seriously.In our everyday life,the ability to catch ourselves being so serious,bearing all the burdens of the world,and trying to save the human race helps us relieve some built-up tension through laughter.Laughter is a necessary part of mental health.Laughter is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate the selfhood.The things we find in humor may vary,but the experiences of humor,pleasure,and enjoyment are extremely important and must be fostered.1.From the first two paragraphs,we can learn that Gordon .A.has broken up with his coachB.has failed to be a professional singerC.keeps practicing and hopes for the bestD.feels very sensitive to other peoples comments2.Why did the psychologist talk with Gordon?A.To discuss his paper with him.B.To help him realize his problem.C.To point out his rude behaviors.D.To offer advice on reducing pressure.3.How does the author support his ideas?A.By offering analyses.B.By providing research results.C.By giving an example.D.By stating an argument.4.What is mainly discussed in the passage?A.Means of laughter.B.Benefits of humor.C.The cause of sensitivity.D.The importance of health.1.D细节理解题。根据文中第二段第四句可知,如果他的歌唱老师建议他把一首歌再练习好几遍,直到唱对,他就会很崩溃,确信老师是在向他暗示他一无是处,在音乐上没有未来,所以他对别人对他说的话非常敏感,故选D项。2.B推理判断题。根据文中第三段前两句可知,他的心理学教授把他叫去,表面上是讨论论文,实际上是希望给这个男孩一个机会去把这个问题说开,故选B项。3.C推理判断题。通读全文可知,第一段作者开门见山,告诉我们:大笑对我们有益处,接着举了一个Gordon的例子来论证这个观点,最后一段再次回归主题:大笑对我们保持心理健康是必要的,故选C项。4.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者主要运用Gordon的例子来论证幽默感和大笑的好处,故选B项。EMy family moved around a lot when I was growing up. In 2nd grade，I lived here in Washington DC, where I made an amazing group of friends. I was upset when my parents told me we were moving again and I would have to leave all my best friends behind.In 7th grade, we moved back to Washington DC. And I could not have been more excited and I felt like I was finally home again. But things had changed. There were two new girls, who decided that they didnt like me, which meant no one else could, not even all my former best friends.And then one day during school, I opened my locker, only to find a note lying on the floor. The note said：Die. Nobody likes you. My