版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit2Workingtheland讲义新人教版必修406179.doc

Unit 2Working the land重点单词1statistic n(常pl.)数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料2struggle n& vi.斗争；拼搏；努力3decade n十年；十年期4regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；懊悔5mineral n矿物；矿石重点单词6.skim vt.浏览；略读7underline vt.画底线标出；强调8comment n评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论9output n产量；输出input n输入10disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturbed adj.心烦意乱的；扰乱的disturb vt.扰乱；打扰11expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展expansion n扩张，扩大；发展12circulate vt.& vi.循环；流传circulation n循环13freedom n自由；自主free adj.自由的14equip vt.& vi.配备；装备equipment n设备；装备(不可数)15export vt.& vi.输出；出口import (反义词)vt.输入；进口16nationality n国籍nation n国家；民族national adj.民族的17occupation n工作；职业；占领occupy vt.占领，占据18confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj.感到迷惑的confusion n迷惑19bacterium n细菌bacteria (pl.)20nutrition n营养；滋养；食物nutritious adj.有营养的21discovery n发现；发觉discover vt.发现；发觉discoverer n发现者22reduce vt.减少；减缩reduction n减少；减缩23summary n总结；摘要；概要summarize vt.总结重点短语1since_then 从那时起2search_for 寻找3thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为 4ridof/get rid of 使摆脱；除去5be_satisfied_with 对感到满意 6would_rather 宁愿；宁可7build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 8lead_to 导致；造成(后果)9focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 10keepfree from/of 使免受(影响；伤害等)；使不含(有害物)重点句型1if 引导的条件状语从句中的省略If so, what did you do to grow them? (教材P9)2what be called意为“所谓的”Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.(教材P10)3would rather do sth宁愿做某事He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(教材P10)4“not含有全体概念的代词、形容词或副词”表示部分否定One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.(教材P10)语法要点动词的ing形式作主语和宾语作主语：Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.(教材P10)作宾语：As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.(教材P10)1strugglevt.& vi.& n斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.(教材P10)过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。struggleHelen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead (lead) an active life. 海伦凯勒19个月大时就变得又聋又瞎了，但她从不放弃并努力过积极的生活。We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。The soldier was badly wounded but he struggled to his feet at last.这位士兵受了重伤，但是最终他挣扎着站起来了。2expandvt.& vi.使变大；伸展Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.(教材P10)袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求增收水稻的方法。(1)expand(2)expansion n扩展；扩大；膨胀The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a fullsized one.那部袖珍小词典经增订成为一部大型词典。Im satisfied with your explanation, so there is no need to expand on/upon it.我对你的解释很满意，因此无需再作详细说明。【比较网站】expand扩张，膨胀，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可以指范围和体积的扩大。extend延长，延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可以指时间的延长。spread伸开，展现，传播，指向四面八方扩大传播范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。stretch伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。The European powers extended their authority in Asia.欧洲列强在亚洲扩大他们的管辖权。The flag was spread out in the wind.那面旗子在风中展开了。Shes stretched out in the sun.她伸开四肢躺在太阳下。3equipvt.& vi.装备；配备He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.(教材P10)于是，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。(1)(2)Having_equipped (equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.具备了必要的知识和技能后，这个年轻人满怀信心地去了就业市场。She is_equipped/has_been_equipped (equip) with the knowledge for the vocation.她具备了从事这项职业的知识。The countrys former government had poorly equipped local schools.这个国家的前政府对当地的学校教学设施配备少得可怜。4confusevt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.(教材P13 )把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。(1)confuseand/with把和混淆(2)(3)I always confuse her with/and her twin sister: they look so alike.我总分不清这对双胞胎姐妹，她们长得太像了。There was a confused (confuse) look on his face when he met with the confusing (confuse) problem.当他遇到这个令人费解的问题时，他脸上露出了困惑的表情。He looked at me in confusion (confuse) and did not answer the question.他困窘地看着我，没有回答问题。5regretv可惜，后悔，遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；抱歉His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.(教材P13)他父亲说他从不后悔将他儿子送去国外学习。(1)(2)(3)regrettable adj.令人遗憾的/懊悔的After he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted making/having_made (make) such a hasty decision.更仔细地考虑这个问题后，他后悔作出了这么匆忙的决定。I regret to_tell (tell) you that Mr White has departed from the world for ever.我遗憾地告诉您怀特先生与世长辞了。Much to our great regret, we will not be able to visit you next year.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访您了。6reducevt.减少；缩小；降低；使陷入某种更糟的状态A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(教材P14)健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮生长。(1)reduce(2)be reduced to沦落为We can reduce his statement to three simple facts.我们可以将他的陈述归纳成三个简单的事实。She reduced her weight by 6 kilos/to 50 kilos.她的体重减轻了6公斤/减到了50公斤。Believe it or not, the rich man should be reduced to begging for a living.信不信由你，那个富人竟然沦落至以乞讨为生。7focusvt.集中注意力；聚焦n焦点；关注(点)；中心点They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.(教材P14)他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。(1)(2)the focus of的焦点The meeting focused on whether we should build a new teaching building.这次会议的主要议题是我们是否应该建一栋新的教学楼。With his attention focused (focus) on his book, he didnt notice me enter his study.他集中注意力看书，没有注意到我进入他的书房。【巧学活用】 高考小作文这表明当今社会的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that_children_are_the_focus_of_families,_shouldering_the_hope_of_their_parents.【提示】 表示“集中注意力/精力于”的短语还有：pay attention to sth, put ones heart into sth, fix ones attention on sth, concentrate ones attention on sth。8commentvi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论nC&U 评论；议论Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.(教材P15)和你的伙伴交换摘要并互相评论。(1)comment on sth/sb对某事/某人进行评论(2)make comments/no comment on sth/sb对某事/某人进行评论/不进行评论I dont feel I can comment on their decision. 我认为我不能对他们的决定作出评论。Could you make any comments on the recent developments?就最近的发展你能发表些意见吗？1thanks to幸亏；由于；因为Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.(教材P10)多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。由于；因为 Because of illness, the boy did not go to school.因为生病，这个男孩没有去上学。Owing to/Thanks to your timely help，we finished the work ahead of time.由于你及时的帮助，我们提前完成了工作。The accident was due to his careless driving.事故是由于他的粗心驾驶。We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.由于糟糕的天气，我们的出发被耽搁了。【提示】 owing to引导的短语必须是修饰全句的，置于句末时应当用逗号和主句隔开。2build up逐渐增强；增强的体质；建立；创办；开发；聚集；积累【一词多义】 写出下列句中build up 的含义。Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.积累His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching. 逐渐增强We should take part in sports and outdoor activities, which are really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life. 增强的体质Its said that shes built up a very successful business.建立；创办pick up捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载take up 拿起；开始从事make up 虚构；编造；弥补；组成show up 出现；露面bring up 抚养；教养break up 分裂；打碎It didnt take me long to pick up the basic knowledge of the language.我没花多长时间就学会了这门语言的基础知识。I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.我认为你编造关于他的故事是很不厚道的。3be satisfied with对感到满意Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.(教材P10)袁博士很满意他的生活。(1) 对满意be satisfied to do sth对做某事感到满意(2)(much) to ones satisfactionto the satisfaction of sb使某人满意的是(3)satisfy vt.& vi.满足；使满意Satisfied (satisfy) with what I said, my mother agreed that I could go swimming with my classmates.因为对我说的话感到满意，母亲同意我与同学一起去游泳。We have arranged the matter to the satisfaction of all parties concerned.我们已把事情处理得使各方都感到满意。4lead to (to为介词)导致；造成(后果)；通向Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.(教材P14)很多这类化学物质会引起癌症或其他疾病。(1)lead(2)result in导致The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs being_caught (catch)新证据的发现使得小偷被抓住。As we all know, all roads lead to Rome.众所周知，条条大道通罗马。This has led those scientists to_think (think) out other solutions to the problem.这就使得那些科学家想出其他解决问题的方法。The receptionist led the way to the meeting room.接待员领路来到了会议室。1would rather do sth宁愿做某事He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.(教材P10)他更愿把时间花在自己的业余爱好上。【句式点拨】would rather宁愿，宁可，没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。(1)(2)would rather从句 Id rather not tell anybody about it.我不愿把这事告诉任何人。He would rather die than give in to the enemy.他宁死也不向敌人屈服。Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。I would rather (that) you had_come (come) with your mother yesterday.我宁愿你昨天跟你母亲一起来。2“not含有全体概念的代词、形容词或副词”表示部分否定One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.(教材P10)一个梦想总是不够的，尤其是对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。【句式点拨】含有全体概念的代词、形容词或副词，如all, both, every, everyone, everything, everybody, everywhere, necessarily, entirely, altogether, absolutely, whole, wholly, completely, always, often, quite等与not搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是；不是每个都是”等。部分否定全部否定两者bothnot/not bothneither/noteither三者或三者以上allnot/not allnotany/none(没有一个)none/nobody(没有人)nothing(没有任何事物)副词not everywherenot quite not completely nowherenot a bitnot at allNot all the ants go out for the food.All ants dont go out for the food.(部分否定)并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。Not both children are clever.Both children are not clever.(部分否定)两个孩子并不都聪明。Not every man can do it.(部分否定)不是每个人都能做这件事。Neither of you are kind.(全部否定)你们俩都不好。Nobody can win me.(全部否定)没有人能赢我。Nothing went well with me.(全部否定)我事事都不顺心。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1It seems clear that many people in Arab nations do share a universal hunger for liberty. 2I choose teaching as my occupation (occupy) because I really like the process of learning and teaching.3No one likes being/to_be_disturbed (disturb), especially during their free time, because they hope to get away from work, trouble, and even noise. 4Some students believe that they must read every text slowly and carefully, underlining (underline) every unknown word and stopping to look it up in the dictionary.5Life is not all roses, but with what I am_(being)_equipped (equip) with by the top teachers in this elite(精英) school, I surely deserve a promising future. 6An investigation was ordered after the discovery (discover) that $89,000 was missing from the account.7She correctly points out that bacteria (bacterium) are everywhere: on us, in us and all around us.8In the age of Internet, English shows the tendency to gain language hegemony(霸权地位) while Chinese faces the threat of being_reduced (reduce) to a “dialect”9Read the first and the last few pages of each chapter thoroughly, because they often summarize (summary) the information.10Walk around, get your blood circulating (circulate), and massage your neck and shoulders if you feel nervous.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1Those heavily equipped climbers struggled the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain. 2The headmaster was annoyed and said that he would rather you settled the problem in a friendly atmosphere yesterday. 3. rid of smoking is a rather difficult task, which calls for determination and high standards of selfdiscipline. 4Your tomorrow is bright as you want to make it. There is no reason to carry the darkness of the past with you into today. 5With so many people their eyes on him, the speaker felt slightly nervous.6I happened to hear of having been chosen to be the coach of the team.7We regret to you that no trains will run today. Youd better change your travel plan. 8He made some comments the recent development of computer science.9I carefully stay along with other people and treat them kindly as long as I keep myself of hurt.10She lost 15 pounds, but then added 10 pounds of muscle, thanks her running and strengthening efforts. .课文语法填空Yuan Longping is an agricultural pioneer who 1has struggled/has been struggling (struggle) for the past five decades to grow what is called super hybrid rice. He becomes the first one in the world to grow rice that has a high output. He was born in a poor farmers family in 1930. In the 1950s, hunger was a 2disturbing (disturb) problem in many parts of the country, which made him realize the need for increasing the rice output. So after graduation from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953, he devoted his life to 3finding (find) ways to increase rice harvest without 4expanding (expand) the area of the fields. In 1974, he invented super hybrid rice, which makes it possible to produce onethird more of the crop in the same field and now farmers are producing harvest 5twice (two) as large as before by using his special strain(品种)Thanks to his research, the UN is trying to rid the world 6of hunger with more tools. Now Dr Yuan 7is circulating (circulate) his knowledge in India, Vietnam and other less developed countries. He is now called “father of hybrid rice” by the world.Dr Yuan is quite 8satisfied (satisfy) with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous. He would rather have more 9freedom (free) to do his research and keep time for his hobbies. He has more than one dream: one is to grow rice plants as tall as sorghum(高粱); another is to export his rice so that it can 10Be grown (grow) around the globe.阅读理解AReview: Pablo in the SnowWritten by Teri Sloat and illustrated by Rosalinde BonnetAdventure, AnimalsWhat is soft, furry, and white? Pablos wool, of course. But this little lamb soon discovers that theres something else as well: SNOW! From making trails to sledding with friends, having snowball fights and crafting snowmen, theres tons of fun in the snow. But winter days grow dark very fast, and Pablo finds himself lost on his way home. Not to worryMama and Papa help Pablo get back to the comfortable and warm house on a farm so he can talk about his adventures.BiographiesTeri SloatTeri Sloat is the author of THERE WAS AN OLD LADY WHO SWALLOWED A TROUT! and both the author and illustrator of PIECES OF CHRISTMAS, as well as many other books for children. Ms Sloat lives with her husband in a tidy house in the north of San Francisco.Rosalinde BonnetRosalinde Bonnet is a French writer and illustrator of childrens books. She loved to draw when she was little. She also spent a lot of time creating plays and sets for her puppets. So, after high school she went to the Versailles School of Fine Arts for two years. Then she studied at the Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Arts Dcoratifs in Paris for four years. Since her graduation, she has written and illustrated a great number of childrens books. You can visit her at .语篇导读本文为应用文，介绍了一本由泰瑞斯洛特所写，由罗莎琳德博内作插图的书雪中的巴勃罗，并简述了两位作者的生平事迹。1What does Pablo think of playing in the snow?ADangerous. BEnjoyable.CUnusual. DFrightening.解析 B细节理解题。根据第一部分中的theres tons of fun in the snow可知，在雪里玩很快乐，故选B项。2What type of book does Pablo in the Snow belong to?AComedy. BFriendship.CHumor. DAdventure.解析 D细节理解题。根据第一部分中的Adventure, Animals可知，该书属于“冒险故事”，故选D项。3What can we know about Teri Sloat?AShe writes many books for the young.BShe now lives in New York with her husband.CShe is the writer and illustrator of Pablo in the Snow.DShe writes PIECES OF CHRISTMAS and provides pictures for it.解析 D细节理解题。根据第二部分中的Teri Sloatand both the author and illustrator of PIECES OF CHRISTMAS可知，泰瑞斯洛特既是PIECES OF CHRISTMAS这本书的作者，又是这本书的插图画家，故选D项。4What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?AThe place where she was born.BThe hobbies of learning experiences.CThe growing experiences of Rosalinde Bonnet.DThe schools that Rosalinde Bonnet graduated from.解析 C主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段介绍了作家和插图画家罗莎琳德博内的爱好、求学经历以及成就等，所以综合起来看，最后一段主要介绍的是罗莎琳德博内的成长经历，故选C项。BThe rumor proved all too bitterly true: Parks Hardware，a downtown institution of Orono for over 100 years, would be closing. Locals crossexamined, and begged Lin, the owner of the store, but in vain. Running a small, local, familyowned hardware business was no longer profitmaking. The towns affection for Parks Hardware was just not enough to allow it to compete against the giant warehouse stores.I was one member of the excited masses that began to walk through Parks as, day by day, the lettering on the front window changed from “20% OFF EVERYTHING” to “30%”， “40%”， and on and on, until the only things left were the light sockets(插座) and doorknobs.Compared with giant warehouses, a hardware store is special. I recall the time I was exploring in one giant warehouse for a wireless doorbell that Parks didnt carry. I found the thing, but didnt understand the following note on the package: “Red light indicates condition of the battery.” “Excuse me，” I said to a clerk, holding the item out, “I cant seem to find the red light.” The man examined it, and said, “Neither can I” I contrasted this experience with one I routinely had at Parks. “Lin，” Id beg. “Can youpleaseI dont knowdo you think？”And quicker than one could say, “little red light，” Lin would spring into action and together wed sit down to find the solution.I could buy a single screw(螺丝钉) at Parks. At a warehouse I have no choice but to buy a box of a hundred screws. But I dont want a box of a hundred screws when all I need is one. I just want to know the location of the little red light, and now that Parks is gone, I realize that I never will.语篇导读本文为记叙文，讲述了一家五金店的倒闭和人们对它表示怀念的一些情况。5Why did Parks decide to stop its business?AThe owner invested in other business.BThe owner couldnt make enough money.CIts location was not convenient for shopping.DIt couldnt win enough affection from the locals.解析 B细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，经营这样的五金店已经不能挣钱了，镇上的人们对这家五金店的喜爱并不能使它赢得与大型仓储式商店的竞争，故选B项。6What