版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit3Lifeinthefuture讲义新人教版必修506189.doc

Unit 3Life in the future重点单词1aspect n方面；层面2previous adj.在前的；早先的3guide n指导；向导；导游vt.指引；指导4capsule n太空舱；胶囊5sideways adv.往(向、从)一侧；侧着；侧面朝前6tolerate vt.容忍；忍受7lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有n缺乏；短缺的东西8adjustment n调整；调节9fasten vt.系牢；扎牢10switch n开关；转换vt.转换11desert n沙漠；荒原12enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的13imitate vt.模仿；仿造14receiver n接受者；接收器；电话听筒15greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的16swallow vt.吞下；咽下17material n原料；材料18impression n印象；感想；印记impress v使留下深刻印象impressive adj.给人深刻印象的19constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的constantly adv.不断地20steward n乘务员；服务员stewardess n女乘务员21surroundings n周围的事物；环境surrounding adj.周围的22press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫n按；压；印刷；新闻pressure n压力；挤压；压迫(感)23optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的optimism n乐观(主义)pessimistic adj.悲观(主义)的pessimism n悲观(主义)24postage n邮资post n邮件vt.邮递；张贴；公布postcode n邮政编码25instant n瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的instantly adv.马上26representative n代表；典型人物 adj.典型的；有代表性的represent vt.& vi.代表；象征；表现27settlement n定居；解决settle vt.& vi.(使)定居；解决settler n定居者28motivation n动机motivate v成为的动机；激励重点短语1take_up 拿起；接受；开始；继续2be_back_on_ones_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原 3lose_sight_of 看不见 4sweep_up 打扫；横扫5slide_into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进 6speed_up 加速7in_all_directions 向四面八方 8show_sb_around 带领某人参观重点句型1This is similar to与相似This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying(教材P17)2主语beadj.to do (不定式的主动形式)At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.(教材P18)3as though 引导状语从句The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.(教材P18)4what 引导的名词性从句However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(教材P18)语法要点过去分词作状语Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.(教材P17)1toleratevt.容忍；忍受At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.(教材P18)开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。(1)tolerate (sb) doing sth容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)(3) 容忍；忍受 容忍/忍受某人做某事Nobody can tolerate being_cheated (cheat), and thats why he has no friend.没有人能忍受被欺骗，这也是他为什么没有朋友。Many old people have a very limited tolerance (tolerate) to cold.许多老年人抗寒能力有限。I think you become more tolerant (tolerate) of other people as you get older.我认为随着年龄的增长，你变得更能宽容他人了。Lets hurry up！He cant stand keeping (keep) waiting.咱们快点吧！让他等别人，他可受不了。 2lackvt.& vi.缺乏；没有n缺乏；短缺的东西Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.(教材P18)由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。(1)(2)(3)She leads a happy and comfortable life, never lacking (lack) for money or friends.她过着幸福而舒适的生活，从未缺过钱或朋友。For lack of sufficient evidence, the accused was allowed to go free.由于缺乏充足的证据，被告被开释了。3switchn开关；转换vt.转换Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.(教材P18)然后王平按下电脑荧屏上的一个开关，一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术那样从地板下面升了起来。make a switch in 在某一方面作出改变switch to 转(换)到switch on/offturn on/off 打开/关掉The board had to make a switch in their arrangement.董事会不得不对他们的安排作些变动。The time of talk has been switched to the afternoon.已将会谈时间改在下午了。The TV will be switched on at the time you wanted.电视机将在你所希望的时间开启。4instantn瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant its sent.(教材P22)你把金属带戴到头上，整理思绪，按下发送按钮，然后想着你要发送的信息，刹那间信息就发出去了。(1)(2) 一就In an instant/Instantly, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.他马上脱下大衣跳进了水里。For an instant the sky was lit up by a shooting star.一颗流星划过，瞬间点亮了天空。The instant (that) I reached the platform the train began to move.我一到站台，火车就开动了。The proposal was instantly (instant) voted through with two to one in favour, accompanied by enthusiastic applause.在热烈的掌声中，提案以2比1的优势很快通过了表决。Instant foods are more and more popular among people nowadays.如今，速食越来越受人们的欢迎。1take up拿起；接受；开始(从事)；继续；占用(时间、空间等)I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.(教材P17)我仍然无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。【一词多义】 写出下列句中take up的含义。The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week. 继续She took up the receiver and began to dial the number. 拿起The piano takes up too much space. 占用He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport. 开始从事Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing? 接受take down拿下；取下；记(录)下来；拆卸take for当作，认为；骗取take in吸收；欺骗；领会；理解take off取(脱)下；起飞；(事业)腾飞，突然成功take on呈现(面貌等)；雇用；承担take over接收(管、任)；采用We have introduced singers like Madeline Bell as headliners and I think the club is beginning to take off.我们已经聘请了马德琳贝尔等歌手担任主唱，我认为俱乐部马上就会有起色了。Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives.技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应让它来接管我们的生活。2lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.(教材P18)但是，当我们到达一个看上去像个大市场的地方时，王平不见了，因为很多四轮马车都四面八方地从身边飞奔。(1)(2)We must never lose sight of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature.我们永远也不能忽视这个事实：人类必须与自然和谐相处。The boat soon went out of sight in the fog.船很快就消失在雾中。She was frightened at the sight of the snake.一看见蛇，她就非常害怕。Every person, like the moon, has a dark side out of sight.每个人都像是一轮月亮，都有隐藏的、从不示人的一面。3speed up加速When we wanted the hovering carriage to speed up we pressed down hard on the driving pedal and bent over in the direction we wanted to go.(教材P20)当我们想让气垫车加速时，我们向下使劲压踏板并将身体弯向我们想去的方向。(1)(2)slow down/reduce speed减速The increasing combination of economy, science and technology speeds (speed) up the pace of world economy reconstruction.经济与科学技术的日益结合加快了世界经济重组的步伐。The car began to pick up speed when it turned into the express way.驶入高速公路后，这辆车开始加速。Our brains slow down a bit when we sleep and dream.当我们进入梦乡时，大脑的运转会慢下来。主语beadj.to do(不定式的主动形式)At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.(教材P18)开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。【句式点拨】(1)在“主语beadj.to do”句型中，不定式作表语形容词的状语，不定式和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式表示被动意义。(2)不定式常用在作表语的形容词后面作状语，说明产生这种情况的原因，或是在某方面存在表语形容词所表示的情况。能用于这种结构中的形容词常见的有：happy, glad, pleasant, sorry, lucky, surprised, angry, able, right, ready, clever, foolish, quick, slow, polite, wrong等。这类形容词既说明主语的情况，又与不定式构成因果关系。(3)当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。When it seems too hard to handle, take some quiet time and write out your feelings.当矛盾暂时无法解决时，静下心仔细考虑，把你的心情记录下来。The green leaves with red blooms are very pleasant to look at.绿叶配红花令人赏心悦目。The hotel must be comfortable to live in.那家旅馆住起来一定很舒适。Doctor Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.瑟斯博士决心写一些有趣并且易读的书。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1He grew up in one of the nearby settlements (settle)where redroofed bungalows were surrounded by lawns baked in the summer sun. 2Although she only met the old man once, he made a deep impression on/upon her.3The majority of foreign parents tolerate their children climbing (climb) walls and trees up and down, and even turning the house upside down. 4We have_exhausted (exhaust) all our material resources. Running out of them means all that we can do now is to wait for the aid. 5He wanted to be constantly (constant) stimulated mentally, yet he got bored quickly.6When the sea roared inland, it swept up thousands of cars.7We plan to finish the adjustment (adjust) of the equipment before Sunday.8Seriously injured (injure), some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once.9For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree in/within sight.10His quick mind, abundant energy and neverfailing enthusiasm always brought him back on his feet after a fall. .单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1As far as I know, the government will speed the pace of our economic reform.2Some employees took the entire working hours while others would only need a few minutes.3Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales skills.4For many Chinese the most important access into this world is QQ, the messaging service owned by Tencent, one of the worlds most valuable digital service providers. 5The chemical weapons, being deserted by Japan in wartime, are a great threat to the local people and it needs dealing with immediately. 6Although she is rich in knowledge, she is lacking practical experience.7All the aspects into consideration, the project will be accomplished in time. So there is no need for you to worry about the details of our work. 8The bus with passengers, we couldnt get on it and had to wait for another one to come later in the afternoon. 9Not of my honesty, they didnt get along well with me those days.10He spent seven days in the wind and snow, with cold and hungry. .课文语法填空I have to remind myself 1constantly (constant) that I am on a timetravelling journey in AD 3008. 2Worried/Worrying (worry) about the journey, I was nervous and uncertain at first. 3With the help of my guide, Wang Ping, I started my “Future Tours” into the future.First, we climbed in through a small opening. After some calming exercises on the 4comfortable (comfort) seats, we started our journey. My new surroundings were difficult 5to_tolerate (tolerate). Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. I tried to make the necessary 6adjustment (adjust) to this new situation. I got back on my feet again after a short rest. After 7fastening (fasten) my safety belt, Wang Ping showed me how to use hovering carriage driven by computer. I moved swiftly by pressing down in my seat and was swept up into the center of many carriages. I realized I 8had_been_transported (transport) into the future!Later Wang Ping showed me into a large, bright clean room. 9What was strange about it was that the wall could move of itself, and the table and chairs could rise from under the floor. We had a brief dinner and a hot bath. 10Exhausted (exhaust) after this travel, I fell fast asleep. Tomorrow, well be ready for some visits.阅读理解AWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic(神经质的) than other people. Longerliving women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more selfdisciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those badtempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mothers personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when were adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isnt destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.语篇导读本文为说明文，阐述了影响长寿的因素。1According to the author, outgoing and sympathetic people _.Ahave a good understanding of evolutionBare probably more active and neuroticCare more likely to recover from hardshipDgenerally appear more resourceful解析 C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，那些喜欢交朋友并且喜欢帮助他人的人能够收集到足够的资源，度过艰难时期，故选C项。2What finding of the study might be out of our expectation?AHelpful people can live a relatively long life.BBeing selfdiscipline makes no difference to longevity.CReadiness to accept new ideas offers more possibilities to enjoy longevity.DPersonality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.解析 B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，那些自律的人，并没有更大的可能性能够长寿，故选B项。3What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?AMothers anxiety may affect their childrens life spans.BPeople with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die at a young age.CMothers may have a longer influence on children than fathers.DChildrens personality characteristics are always shaped by their mothers.解析 A推理判断题。第五段主要通过一项针对近28 000名挪威母亲的研究阐述了母亲的性格特征对人的影响，即母亲越焦虑、沮丧和愤怒，就越可能喂给孩子不健康的饮食，孩子由此形成的不良饮食习惯会一直延续到成年之后的生活，这种根深蒂固的不良饮食习惯使得人短寿，故选A项。4What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?AAnxiety and depression more often than not cut short ones life span.BA persons lifestyle is largely related to his or her health. CPersonality plays a decisive and significant role in how healthy one is.DA mixture of mental and physical health produces longevity.解析 D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，两项研究都表明，长寿不仅仅是身体健康的问题，而且是精神健康的问题。也就是说，精神和身体上的健康造就了长寿，故选D项。BWhy do human beings still risk their lives under ground doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? Its an increasingly urgent question, given the recent highprofile(引人注目的) mining accidents in Sago, WVa., and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望) a day in the nottoodistant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at CarnegieMellon Universitys Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart. It used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned minessome of the most dangerous work in the business. The latest prototype is called Cave Crawler. Its a bit smaller than Groundhog, and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has sensors mounted(装置) that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle, it gets momentarily confused, it has to think through the process and where to go next, and sometimes it throws_a_fit just like a real person.The biggest obstacle，though，is cost. The original research project was federally funded, but that money has dried up, and its not clear where future funding will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, deaths have declined by 67 percent, and injuries by 51 percent, according to the National Mining Association. Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs, but dont eliminate the need for human workers.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了可代替人类从事挖煤等危险工作的矿山机器人。5The phrase “throws a fit” in the third paragraph probably means_.Agets angry Bgets shockedCbecomes excited Dbecomes cheerful解析 A词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在障碍不能被解决时，矿山机器人有时也会像人一样大发脾气，故选A项。6The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog mainly because_.Ait can map abandoned minesBits a bit smaller than GroundhogCit can see in the dark tunnelDthe robot has a real sense of logic解析 D细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，最新型机器人具有真实的逻辑能力。A项和C项是第一代机器人的特点；B项是先进的地方之一，但不是主要的，故选D项。7We can infer from the last paragraph that_.Athe mine robots will have a very bright futureBrobots in mines will serve much in the automotive industryCthere will be no need for human workers in minesDrobots in mines have a long way to go解析 A推理判断题。根据第五段的robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry可推知，矿山机器人前景广阔，故选A项。8Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?AHighprofile Mining Accidents in AmericaBCould Robots Replace Humans in Mines?CThe Development of RobotDCave Crawler, the Latest Robot解析 B标题归纳题。第一段引入话题：矿山机器人；第二、三段：矿山机器人发展；第四段：矿山机器人的研发存在的障碍；第五段：虽然有障碍但专家预测矿山机器人的前景广阔，故选B项。.语法填空A teahouse is a special house which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments. Its function varies widely 1_depending_ (depend) on the culture. In China, a teahouse is a place 2_where_ people gather to enjoy tea, chat and socialize. It 3_is considered_ (consider) as a symbol of Chinese tea culture and peoples leisure lives.Chinese teahouses enjoy a longstanding history. They developed from tea 4_stands_ (stand) in the Western Jin dynasty, took shape in the Tang dynasty, developed 5_gradually_ (gradual) in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and became booming in modern times.In the Song dynasty, teahouses existed all over cities and villages, 6_at_ a rate comparable with that of restaurants. The owners preferred to decorate their teahouses with paintings of celebrities and rare and precious plants 7_to attract_ (attract) customers. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of teahouses went beyond that of restaurants, gaining more 8_popularity_ (popular) and becoming more famous. Later, the acculturation(文化移入) of western culture forced traditional Chinese te