版2019版高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷5Unit5NelsonMandela新人教版必修.doc

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela .阅读理解A(状元桥改编)A young woman sits alone in a caf sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing worker：“Where are the toilets please？” This is a familiar scene in Tokyos socalled “silent cafs”， where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not confined to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversationfree privacy in the office. At the most unusual end of the spectrum(观点), one Kyoto company offers single women the opportunity to have a “one woman wedding”a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremonies and the only thing missing being the groom. The trend has its own media expression“_botchizoku_”， referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23yearold nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the caf， Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place in magazines, and I like coming here. I work as a nurse and its always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo. Its a busy big city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. Im going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere, and its difficult to find.”The desire to be solitary is not a new concept in Japan, a nation home to an estimated36 million “hikikomori”a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who withdraw completely from society.语篇导读本文为说明文，主要介绍了风靡日本的“沉默”咖啡馆以及逐渐盛行起来的“沉默”文化。1What can we know about the “silent cafs” according to the first paragraph?AIt provides all kinds of tea and books.BIt is a traditional caf.CIt is popular among young Japanese.DIt offers service by writing not by speaking.解析 D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，通过便条簿，顾客与服务员进行沟通，同时服务员通过手写提供服务，故选D项。2The word “botchizoku” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.Aa media expression on the InternetBa concept to be alone in JapanCsome persons that do their things by themselvesDsome persons that like reading in the cafs解析 C词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知，botchizoku指的是那些喜欢独自做事的人，故选C项。3It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Higashikokubaru _.Ais a nurseBdoesnt live in TokyoCloves the idea and enjoys her time thereDoften spends her weekends in the cafs解析 C推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的I like coming here以及该段最后一句I like the idea可知，东国原千寻小姐喜欢这种理念并且享受在这里的时光，故选C项。4Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?ASilent cafs BLonely JapaneseCHappy weekends DPeaceful places解析 A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了日本的“沉默”咖啡馆以及由此延伸出的日本特殊文化现象，故选A项。B(2018哈尔滨六中高三10月段考)Search engines like Google make people think they are smarter than they actually are because they have the worlds knowledge at their fingertips, psychologists at Yale University have found. Surfing the Internet for information gives people a widely inaccurate view of their own intelligence and could lead to overconfidence when making decisions, experts warn.Experiments found that people who had searched on the Internet believed they were far more knowledgeable about a subject than those who had learned by normal routes, such as reading a book. “The Internet is such a powerful environment, where you can enter any question, and you can easily get the worlds knowledge at your fingertips.” said Matthew Fisher, a psychology professor at Yale University. “But it becomes easier to confuse your own knowledge with this source. When people are truly on their own, they would easily get more wrong answers.”More than 1,000 students took part in a range of experiments aimed at studying the psychological impact of searching on the Internet. In one test, the Internet group were given a website link which gave the answer to the question “how does a zip work？” while a control group were given a printout of the same information. When the two groups were tested later on an unrelated question“why are cloudy nights warmer？” the group who had searched online believed they were more knowledgeable even though they were not allowed to look up the correct answer.“We also believe that the wrong sense of personal knowledge also could be _perilous_ in some areas when people make decisions; in case where decisions have great influence such as important business trade, it may cause millions of losses and even bankruptcy of a company.” Mr Fisher added.The Internet is a big benefit in many ways, but there may be some disadvantages that arent immediately obvious and this may be one of them. “Right personal knowledge is difficult to achieve, and the Internet may be making that task even harder.”语篇导读本文为议论文。耶鲁大学的心理学家发现，谷歌或雅虎等搜索引擎容易让人对自己的聪明程度自视过高，因为人们只要轻触指尖，就能获取全世界的知识。5According to Matthew Fisher, _.Apeople should keep away from the InternetBthe Internet should concentrate on expertiseCthe Internet has more benefits than disadvantagesDpeople shouldnt rely too much on the Internet解析 D推理判断题。 根据第二段最后一句可知，耶鲁大学心理学教授马修费舍尔认为：这样做很容易混淆自己的知识来源。当人们真正靠自己时，他们很可能会得到更多错误的答案，故选D项。6Researchers did the experiment through the way of _.Adiscussion Bassumption(猜测)Cobservation Dcomparison解析 D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这个实验设置了一个网络组和一个控制对照组，通过将两个小组实验结果进行对比，从而得出实验结论，故选D项。7The underlined word “perilous” most probably means _.Aridiculous Bdangerous Cbeneficial Dnormal解析 B词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，人们对于自己的知识的错误判断会使得其在某些领域造成巨大损失，所以画线处应该是一个表示消极态度的词。ridiculous可笑的；dangerous危险的；beneficial有益的；normal普通的，平常的，故选B项。8What is the main idea of the passage?APeople widely use the Internet.BThe Internet has many advantages.CThe Internet makes people overconfident.DMore experiments have been done on the Internet.解析 C主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段最后一句可知，上网浏览网页会让人们过分地自信，而当他们独立来处理这些问题时，他们在大多数情况下会出错，故选C项。.语法填空(2018湖北重点中学新高三起点)Qian Zhongshu was 1_a_ Chinese scholar and writer, 2known (know) for his wit and erudition(博学)Despite failing in mathematics, Qian was accepted 3into the Department of Foreign Languages of Tsinghua University in 1929 because of his excellent 4performance (perform) in Chinese and English languages. In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was 5to become (become) a successful playwright and translator, and 6married (marry) her in 1935. In the same year, Qian received government sponsorship to further his studies abroad. Together with his wife, Qian headed for the University of Oxford in Britain. After 7spending (spend) two years at Exeter College, he received a Bachelor of Literature. He then studied for one more year in the University of Paris in France before returning to China in 1938. Qian lived in Shanghai from 1941 to 1945, which was then under Japanese 8occupation (occupy). Many of his works were written or published during this period of time. A collection of short 9essays (essay), Written in the Margins of Life, 10was_published (publish) in 1941 His most celebrated work Fortress Besieged appeared in 1947. On the Art of Poetry, written in classical Chinese, was published in 1948.语篇导读本文为记叙文，讲述了钱钟书先生的故事。1a解析 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，指学者兼作家，且Chinese的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。2known解析 考查非谓语动词。be known for sth以某事知名，以某物闻名。3into解析 考查介词。accept sb into接纳/录取某人进入，为固定搭配。 4performance解析 考查词性转换。由空前的his excellent可知，此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。5to become解析 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“她即将成为一位成功的剧作家兼翻译家”，结合空前的was可知，此处应用不定式表示将来。6married解析 考查时态。动词marry与上文中的met之间是并列关系，且由时间状语in 1935可知，应用一般过去时。7spending解析 考查非谓语动词。由空前的介词After可知，空处应填v.ing形式作宾语。8occupation解析 考查词性转换。根据空前的介词under和形容词Japanese可知，空处应用名词。under occupation被占领。9essays解析 考查名词的数。a collection of一系列(一批，一堆)，故此处用复数形式。10was published解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示Written in the Margins of Life于1941年出版，publish与其主语之间是动宾关系，且谓语用第三人称单数形式；由时间状语in 1941可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。.短文改错John, a heavy smoker, once felt . His hands started shaking and he a lot, so he turned to his doctor for help. “Quit smoking，” the doctor advised. the advice reasonable from several points, such as money and ， John decided to give up smoking. ， for several hours without a cigarette, John was nervous and had a difficulty concentrating, which made him hungrier for a cigarette. He said to himself, “One more, I will quit it tomorrow. Tomorrow will be a suitable day for me to break from the bad habit” Then he picked up a cigarette made him relaxed. Again and again John made up his mind to it “tomorrow” 解析 badtempered脾气不好的。 解析 动词cough与started并列，故用一般过去时。 解析 find和逻辑主语John之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。 解析 such as后的内容是并列关系，故用healthy的名词形式，与money保持一致。 解析 上文说到约翰决定戒烟，下文说几个小时不抽烟，约翰感到不安、注意力无法集中。所以两句之间是转折关系。 解析 have diff