版2019版高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷36Unit1Alandofdiversity新人教版选修.doc

Unit 1 A land of diversity .阅读理解A(2018东北师大附中高三段考)In the 1500s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States, they came across the ancestors of the modernday Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the basket makers, the Anasazi, or the ancient ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe(土砖) and wood. Anasazi houses were originally built in holes and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 AD, the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into groups of multistoried large buildings, which the Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate rooms under the ground in these pueblosknown as kivaswere set aside for religious ceremonies. Each kiva had a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms.The Anasazi family was matrilinear(母系遗传的). The holy objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother, or son. Women owned the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men, who, in contrast to most other native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and pottery; the men made cloth and jewelry.Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land disputes(争议) and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The solid political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了16世纪的阿纳萨齐人的生产方式，劳动分工以及部落首领的职责等内容。1What do we know about the Anasazi people?AThey were good at growing crops. BThey were immigrants from Spain.CThey stored their crops in caves.DThey had battles against the Spanish.解析 A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，他们擅长种植农作物，故选A项。2What does the underlined word “they”(Paragraph 3) refer to?AWomen. BPueblos.CRooms. DCrops.解析 D代词指代题。该词所在句子.once they were harvested用的是被动语态，也就是说they是harvest这个动作的承受者，根据上文内容可以判断，此处指上文中的the crops，即：收割农作物，故选D项。3What can be concluded from the text?AThe Anasazi benefited from trade with the Spanish.BThe division of labor in Anasazi society was clear.CThe Spanish caused harm to Anasazi society.DConstant conflicts existed in Anasazi society.解析 B推理判断题。第三段讲到阿纳萨齐人的劳动分工问题，即：最年长的女性掌握着家族的圣物，但实际仪式由她的兄弟或儿子举行；妇女拥有普韦布洛的房间和粮食，生长中的农作物由男性管理；妇女制作篮子和陶器，男性制作布料和首饰。由此可见，阿纳萨齐人有明确的劳动分工，故选B项。4What can best describe the Anasazi?AAggressive.BHonest.CUnited. DSelfish.解析 C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，阿纳萨齐人的每个村庄的两个首领各司其职，配合良好。根据最后一句可知，阿纳萨齐人内部是很团结的，故选C项。BWhen its five oclock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them theyre done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cellphones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows on that clockbased work schedules hinder morale and creativity.Clocktimers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 am to 10 am, research from 10 am to noon, etc. On the other hand, tasktimers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and AnneLaure Sellier, they had participants organize different activitiesfrom project planning, holiday shopping, to yogaby time or todo list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs “task time”. They found clocktimers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that taskbased organizing tends to be undervalued and undersupported in the business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to take more taskbased planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clocktimers, taskbased timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. Itll make those tasks easier, and the taskdoers will be happier.语篇导读本文为议论文。如今，我们在各处都能知晓时间，例如时钟、手表、手机和电脑，这是一件好事还是坏事呢？基于时间支配的工作又会对斗志和创造力带来什么影响呢？5What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?AIt makes everybody aware of time.BIt is a convenience for work and life.CIt may have a negative effect on creative work.DIt clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.解析 C推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，作者对于随处可知时间这件事是持有怀疑态度的。A、B、D项均表示肯定语气，且文章中并未提及，故选C项。6What did Tamar Avnet and AnneLaure Sellier find in their experiments about clocktimers?AThey seize opportunities as they come up.BThey always get their work done in time.CThey have more control over their lives.DThey tend to be more productive.解析 D细节理解题。根据第四段中They found clocktimers to be more efficient.可知，用时间定时效率更高，productive和efficient为同义替换词，均有“高效的”意思，故选D项。7What do the researchers say about todays business culture?AIt does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.BIt does not attach enough importance to taskbased practice.CIt places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers lives.DIt aims to bring employees potential and creativity into full play.解析 B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，在企业文化中，以任务为基础的组织形式容易被低估和不被支持，这与B项的含义(以任务为基础的做法不被足够重视)是相近的，故选B项。8What do the researchers suggest?ATaskbased timing is preferred for doing creative work.BIt is important to keep a balance between work and life.CPerforming creative jobs tends to make workers happier.DA scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.解析 A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，当执行一项需要更多创造力的工作时，应该使用以任务为基础的时间支配方式，故选A项。.语法填空(2018昆明滇池中学高三诊断)Have you ever told a story about someone but forgotten his or her name? Not 1.to worry(worry)! In English, we have special names to replace it, so your story doesnt come to a sudden stop.In the US, if a name has been forgotten, 2.simply(simple) say the name John Doe for a man, or Jane Doe for a woman. You can use these names for any situation where someones name is 3.missing(miss). For example: “Did you see that guy who got wet 4.in the rain？” “Ah yes, poor John Doe.” But 5.who exactly is John Doe? The name is not real. It first appeared around 6.the 14th century in English courts. It was used to protect the identity of certain people. Today, it is not used in England. Yet John Doe and Jane Doe are names used in legal courts in the US. 7.They are used when the identity of a person must not 8.be given(give) away. However in England, unknown people are called John Smith. This is 9.because John has always been one of the most common first 10.names(name) in English. And Smith is the most common family name. So next time you forget someones name, you know what to say.语篇导读本文为说明文。在汉语中，我们经常用张三、李四代指人名。在英语中，也有这样的代指，让我们一起来了解一下吧！1to worry解析 考查非谓语动词。not to worry不用担心，为固定搭配。2simply解析 考查词性转换。副词作状语修饰动词say。3missing解析 考查非谓语动词。现在分词missing已经形容词化，意为“不见了的，消失的”。4in解析 考查介词。“在”雨中用介词in。5who解析 考查代词。who表示“谁”，问某人的身份。6the解析 考查冠词。表示“第几世纪”时，序数词前应用定冠词。7They解析 考查代词。此处是指代上文的John Doe and Jane Doe，这是男女两个名字，故用表示复数意义的代词指代。8be given解析 考查语态。身份是被泄露的，故用被动语态；因为前有must，故be动词用原形。9because解析 考查连词。because在此处引导的是一个表语从句，表示原因。 10names解析 考查名词的数。在“one of.名词”结构中，名词应用复数形式。.短文改错Thanks very much for your letter. Id like to describe my sports dance lessons, which I took for the first time. Every lesson starts a warmup and differ