版2019版高考英语大一轮复习Unit4Makingthenews讲义新人教版必修5061105.doc

Unit 4Making the news重点单词1journalist n记者；新闻工作者2involve vt.牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与(卷入)3submit vt.递交；呈递(文件等) 4colleague n同事5amateur n业余爱好者 6inform vt.告知；通知7meanwhile adv.其间；同时 8accuse vt.指责；谴责；控告9deliberately adv.故意地 10sceptical/skeptical adj.怀疑的11dilemma n(进退两难的)困境；窘境 12polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色13process vt.加工；处理n过程；程序；步骤 14negative n底片；否定adj.否定的；消极的15assess vt.评估；评定assessment n评估；估算16publish vt.出版；发行；发表；公布publication n出版；出版物；公开 17thorough adj.彻底的；详尽的thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地18editor n编辑edit vt.编辑；校订edition n版本；版次19photograph n照片vt.给照相photographer n摄影师20delighted adj.快乐的；欣喜的delight n欣喜；愉快21admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的admire vt.钦佩；欣赏22assist vt.帮助；协助；援助assistance n帮助；协助assistant n助手；助理；售货员23profession n职业；专业professional adj.专业的；职业的n专业人员professor n教授；(大学)教师24concentrate vt.& vi.集中；聚集concentration n集中25acquire vt.获得；取得；学到acquisition n获得重点单词26.guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的guilt n有罪；犯罪；内疚27technical adj.技术(上)的；技巧方面的technically adv.技术上；工艺上28accurate adj.精确的；正确的accurately adv.精确地；准确地accuracy n精确度；准确性29approve vt.赞成；认可；批准approval n赞许；赞成；同意disapproval (反义词)n.不赞成；不同意30appoint vt.任命；委派appointment n任命；委派；约会重点短语1concentrate_on 集中；全神贯注于2depend_on 依靠；依赖3accuseof 因指责或控告 4so_as_to_(do_sth) 为了(做)5ahead_of 在前面 6have_a_nose_for 对敏感；很善于发现7inform_sb_of_sth 通知某人某事 8keep_in_mind 记在心里9get_the_wrong_end_of_the_stick 完全误解；弄错 10be_supposed_to 理应(做)11set_to_work 着手工作 12passon to 把传递给重点句型1be to动词原形What do you imagine will be your future occupation? Suppose you were to be a journalist for China Daily, do you know what kinds of jobs they have？(教材P25)2抽象地点名词定语从句Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? (教材P26)语法要点倒装(Inversion)Never will Zhou Yang forget his assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(教材P26)Not only am I interested in photography, but(教材P26)Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.(教材P26)Here comes my list of dos and donts(教材P26)Only then did I begin my work on designing a new bridge.(教材P29)1assistvt.帮助；协助；援助Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you(教材P26)你将发现你的同事们会非常热情地帮助你(1) 帮助/协助(某人)做某事(2)assistance n帮助(3)assistant n助手；助理；助教；店员Never corner an opponent, and always assist him to_save (save) his face.永远不要把对手逼入绝境，总要帮他留点面子。We asked him to assist us in designing (design) a new bridge.我们请他帮助我们设计一座新桥。Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance (assist) of volunteers.自1976年以来他一直在志愿者的帮助下经营着这家商店。The Prime Minister came to visit our country in the company of his assistant(s) (assist)首相在其助手陪同下访问我国。2accusevt.指责；谴责；控告Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? (教材P26)你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你们的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？accuseShe was accused of theft and fraud by the police.她被警方指控犯有盗窃和欺诈罪。I dont think its fair to_accuse (accuse) me of having an attitude problem. 我觉得指责我有态度问题有失公允。【比较网站】accuse作“指控；控告”讲时，常与介词of连用，构成accuse sb of sth。charge作“指控；控告”讲时，常与介词with连用，构成charge sb with sth。例：She is charged with murdering her husband.她被指控谋杀了她的丈夫。3informvt.告知；通知They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.(教材P26)他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。(1)(2)informed adj.消息灵通的；了解情况的；见多识广的(3)information nU 通知；消息；情报；信息Had I informed him of the exact time for the meeting earlier, he wouldnt have been late yesterday.要是我早一点通知他开会的准确时间，昨天他就不会迟到。The managers are very concerned to keep the staff informed (inform) about what they are doing.管理者们很注重让员工随时了解他们正在做的事情。The police gained a great deal of useful information (inform) about the organization.警方收集了大量关于该组织的有用信息。4demandvt.强烈要求n需求；要求It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.(教材P26)这是一个两难问题，因为如果我们错了，足球队员就可以要求补偿损失。(1)(2)(3)demanding adj.高要求的；要求严格的First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。The manager promised that they would try to meet their customers demands.经理许诺他们会尽力满足顾客的需求。The manager demanded that the workers (should)_work (work) extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。Mr Zhang decided to quit his highlypaid but demanding (demand) job.张先生决定辞去那份高薪但要求极高的工作。5approvevt.赞成；认可；批准Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it.(教材P30)最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准发表了。(1)approve(2)Her father will never approve of her going (go) the border regions. 她父亲永远不会同意她去边区。The new proposals have won the approval (approve) of the board.新的提案已得到董事会批准。1concentrate on集中；全神贯注于Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested.(教材P26)你将发现同事们会非常热情地帮助你，因此如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去研究它。(1)(2)(3)concentration n集中；专心We should concentrate all our efforts on improving (improve) education.我们应该致力于改进教育工作。As far as I am concerned, concentration (concentrate) was the first requirement for learning. 依我看来，专心致志是学习的首要条件。2depend on依靠；依赖Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.(教材P26)同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。(1)depend on/upon(2)That depends./It all depends.视情况而定。(3)rely on/count on依靠Nowadays, many aged parents still depend on their children to_work (work) the video. 如今，许多年迈的父母仍然要靠孩子来操作录像机。They shouldnt depend on foreign countries for oil.他们不应当依赖外国的石油。Yon may depend on it that they will support you when you are in trouble.你可以相信他们在你处于困境时会支持你的。1be to动词原形What do you imagine will be your future occupation? Suppose you were to be a journalist for China Daily, do you know what kinds of jobs they have？(教材P25)你认为你未来的职业是什么？假设你是中国日报的记者，你知道他们要做哪些类型的工作吗？ 【句式点拨】“be to动词原形”的常见用法：(1)表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事。(2)指该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to)，表示命令、吩咐或禁止。(3)指可能或不可能发生的事情(接近于can, may)，表示可能性。(4)表示不可避免将要发生或后来注定要发生的事情。(5)用于条件从句，意为“如果想；设想”(接近于ifwant to/ifshould)。We are to meet at the school gate.我们将在学校门口见面。You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人五分钟之内就要到了。How am I to know what has become of him?我怎么知道他后来怎样？His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin, was to strongly influence his life as a reporter.(教材P26)他同新上司胡新的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生很大的影响。If you are to succeed, you have to make more efforts.如果你想成功的话，你必须更加努力。The books in this room are not to be_taken (take) outside.不得将这个室内的书籍带到室外。 If we are to_be (be) there on time, wed better go now.如果我们想按时到那儿，我们最好现在就走。2never置于句首的倒装结构Never will Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.(教材P26)周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸办公室的第一项工作任务。【句式点拨】英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词提前，就叫倒装。如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装；如果只把助动词、be动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。此句是以never开头的部分倒装句。【拓展延伸】 以下情形使用部分倒装：(1)以never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, not only, not once等否定意义的词开头的句子部分倒装。(2)在no soonerthan, hardlywhen和not until句型中， no sooner, hardly, notuntil置于句首时，句子部分倒装。(3)以so, nor, neither开头的句子部分倒装，表示重复前句内容，谓语应与前句谓语在时态、语态、人称和数上相一致。(4)在as引导的让步状语从句中，用部分倒装。(5)在sothat(如此以至于)句型中，若so提至句首，则用部分倒装。(6)only加状语且位于句首时，其后的主句用部分倒装。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后方才离开房间。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论在何处你都不会找到这个问题的答案。Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。If you wont go, neither will I.如果你不去，我也不去。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。【巧学活用】 高考小作文我们决不能放弃梦想，我们只有坚持自己的梦想，才能够克服各种挑战。On no condition can_we_give_up_our_dreams;_only if we can stick to our dreams will_we_be_able_to_get_over_all_kinds_of_challenges.3抽象地点名词定语从句Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick? (教材P26)你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你们的记者，说他(她)们的报道失实呢？【句式点拨】本句为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a case。当先行词为抽象地点名词case, situation, position, atmosphere, stage, family, activity和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句。I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.生活中我已到了应该自己做出决定的地步。This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that/which many others are short of.这家餐馆有一种诱人的、如家一般的氛围，这是很多其他餐馆所没有的。【提示】 抽象地点名词后的定语从句中，如果关系词作主语或宾语则需要用that或which引导。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1The lady is senior to me. I not only obey her but also respect her.2Much to the amazement of the world, the 70yearold lady should have made an admirable (admire) achievement after switching to painting in her sixties. 3In desperation, Mrs Jones submitted to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain. 4The students in Grade Three have become aware of the significance of concentrating on their reviews no matter how disturbing they are. 5Before being_accused (accuse), the coach made some attempts to cover up some facts. But now, he has to admit his own mistakes. 6He was tired of drifting about. He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his demanding (demand) job, skills and rules. 7I stand by my brother, who wants to marry an Indian girl. But he cant gain the approval (approve) of my parents. 8Polishing (polish) the style of your writing is an important step if you intend it to be published on the front page. 9In the process you will get to know another culture and its people.10Rational, unemotional self assessment (assess) should tell us whether or not we have the skills and ability to do something.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1A clean is required to be given to our classroom with the National Day drawing near.2He didnt notice his mother enter his room with his attention on the computer games.3Not only did he assist me the settlement of the conflict, but also showed me around the city.4It was Alley, as well as his parents, who so absorbed in thinking of their winter travel plan that they didnt notice an unexpected visitor come in. 5I am looking for a position my research and writing skills can be made good use of.6I can recognize Tony at first sight. As you know, never he polished his leather shoes or washed his hat. 7Only after he lost his temper did his father approve seeing the doctor and having a good rest. 8A man helping an old lady who fell on the floor to get up on a bus ended up being accused causing her injury.9Never before I made an appointment with a doctor. I even dont know what the doctors telephone number is.10So hard did Henry work at his lessons that he got ahead all the other classmates in our school.课文语法填空Zhou Yang, an assistant journalist, goes to the office of a popular English newspaper. His new boss, Hu Xin instructs him 1how to be a good journalist.At first, Zhou Yang 2is_put (put) as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later, he can cover a story and submit the article by himself. There is no need for him to take photographs for himself, with a 3professional (profession) photographer around. Because he took an amateur course at university to update his skills, he decides 4to_concentrate (concentrate) on photography later. A good journalist must have a good nose5.for a story and try to discover the truth. Here is something a journalist should keep 6in mind: dont miss his deadline, or be rude, or talk too much, but do listen carefully. 7Meanwhile,_he must prepare the next question 8depending (depend) on what the interviewee says. In order to have the evidence to support his story, he can make use of a recorder to get the fact straight.In the end, Hu Xin shares his scoop with Zhou Yang. A footballer 9was_accused (accuse) of taking money for 10deliberately (deliberate) not scoring goals. In the interview, he denied taking money and tried to stop them publishing the story. Later they were proved right!.阅读理解AOn Aug 29, 1988, the University of WisconsinMadison juniors Tim Keck and Christopher Johnson published the firstever issue of The Onion. The two founders claimed it was the “finest news source” in the US. 25 years later, it has become one of the most established media presences in the US. But dont expect accuracy and timeliness from it, for The Onion only publishes fake news or news satire(讽刺). Its aim is to make readers laugh and perhaps make them see things from a different angle.Will Tracy, The Onions editorinchief, says that their stories are presented in a sort of news voice which improves them to a certain level of importance that isnt actually understandable. It has an ability to elegantly locate a problem with an economy of words.Traditional media outlets are cautious when reporting on sensitive topics such as religion and race. Tracy says nothing is off limits for The Onion. In her words, that is “no matter how uncomfortable they may make some readers”. But the editors at The Onion do take a firm line, as Tracy explains, “What you have to be really careful about is what the target of the joke is. If the target of the joke is wrong, then it doesnt feel right and it also doesnt feel funny.” The Onion generated public outrage when earlier this year, it tried to make fun of a 9yearold Oscarnominated(奥斯卡提名的) actress by using highly impolite language. It later apologized.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了洋葱这样一家新闻组织的创建背景与报道新闻的原则和宗旨。1What can we know about The Onion according to Paragraph 1?AIts news materials are all real and timely.BIt often makes fun of the public based on the wrong news.CIts aim is to make readers feel relaxed and see problems from different angles.DIts first article written by Tim Keck and Christopher Johnson was published on Aug 29, 1988.解析 C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，该报旨在使读者感到轻松并从不同角度看待问题，故选C项。2What is the meaning of the underlined word “outrage” in Paragraph 3?AAnger. BSadness.CDisappointment. DGrief.解析 A词义猜测题。根据第三段最后两句中的highly impolite language, apologized可知，他们的报道让公众很气愤，故选A项。3Compared with the traditional media, the feature of The Onion is that _.Aits targets of the joke are often childrenBit often makes readers feel uncomfortableCit also has the same limits on sensitive topicsDit also reports news about religion and race解析 D细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，他们不像传统媒体那样对诸如宗教和种族等敏感问题小心谨慎，他们会报道敏感话题，故选D项。4Which section of the newspaper could the text be taken from?AEducation. BMedicine.CScience. DCulture.解析 D推理判断题。本文主要介绍了洋葱这样一家新闻组织报道新闻的原则和宗旨，属于文化专区，故选D项。BHow Smart People Deal with People They Dont LikeIn a perfect world, each person we interact with would be nice, kind, considerate, mindful(留心的), generous and more. However, we dont live in a perfect world.5_ Then, how does a smart person do to deal with people he or she doesnt like?6_7_ Sometimes we think that we are going to like everyone we interact with, even when thats not going to happen. Its inevitable that you will encounter difficult people who oppose what you think. Smart people know that conflicts or disagreements are a result of differences in values.They check their own expectations. Its common for people to have unrealistic expectations about others. We may expect others to act exactly as we would.8_ Smart people do adjust your expectations appropriately. This way theyre not always surprised by a dislikable persons behavior.They allow space between them. If all else fails, smart people will allow space between themselves and those they dont like.9_ With a bit of distance and empathy(同情), you may be able to interact both with those people you like and you dont like.AHere are some tips on it.BYou are not perfect either.CHowever, thats not realistic.DSome people often drive us crazy.EThey accept that they are not going to like everyone.FThat may even result in getting along better by agreeing to disagree.GIf at work, smart people will move to another room or sit at the other end of the conference table.语篇导读本文为说明文，主要介绍了聪明的人是如何对待他们不喜欢的人和事的。5解析 D诠释关系。空前讲到：然而我们并不是生活在一个完美的世界里，D项(有些人常常使我们发疯)紧承上文，符合语境，故选D项。6解析 A顺承关系。空前提出问题：那么一个聪明人如何应对那些他或她不喜欢的人呢？空后列举了聪明人应对不喜欢的人的做法，因此A项(这儿有一些建议)作为过渡句承上启下，故选A项。7解析 E总分关系。空后讲到：有时我们认为我们会喜欢任何我们所接触的人，即使这根本不可能发生。E项(聪明人接受自己不可能喜欢所有人的事实)正是本段作者所表述的聪明人的做法，故选E项。8解析 C转折关系。空前讲到：我们也许期待他人的做法会和自己一样，C项(然而，这是不现实的)符合语境，故选C项。9解析 G例证关系。本段主要讲了聪明人与自己不喜欢的人保持距离。G项(在工作时，聪明人会搬到另一个房间或坐在会议桌的另一侧)正是聪明人对待不喜欢的人的做法，故选G项。.完形填空Attitude with action is everything. Thats what Ive _1_ from a simple person at our office gym.Last month our city conducted a fitness center“FitnessOne”. And we had a trainer there, who had a bad _2_ to his work and us. He used to come down to our office every evening but he was least _3_ about who was coming in and what people were doing inside. He only talked about the money he earned by _4_ people individually in another fitness center where he _5_ in the mornings. He never guided us. _6_,_he would not even _7_ properly when any of us asked about the way of doing exercise. _8_,_at the end of last month he was _9_ and we got a new trainer.The gentleman was Bala. He would quietly come in and do _10_ for the first few days except looking at the register, _11_ who came regularly to the gym. Slowly, he became _12_ with the users and started to correct their mistakes while exercising. And people built up _13_ in him. Yesterday, he called me to watch some specific exercises. _14_ his interim(暂时的) period of one month was coming to a(n) _15_,_he wanted me to l