（全国通用版）2019高考英语三轮冲刺提分练话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术.docx

科普知识与现代技术基础巩固.单句语法填空1TheInternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.2However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.3Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.4Iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.5In18thcentury，the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.6Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient) tous.7Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.8WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute) goodandrightforus.9Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include) robots.10Wecandomanythingsthatwedidnthavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)11Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.13Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.14Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothereremanyaccidents.16Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlifethecomputernetwork.话题词汇1advantage n优势2artificial adj.人造的，人工的3negative effect负面影响4breakthrough n突破5surf the Internet上网6explore v探索7convenience n方便8with the development of.随着的发展9change ones life改变某人的生活10drawback n缺点，不利条件能力提升.阅读理解A(2018辽宁葫芦岛一模)AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percentthesamerateatwhichahumansabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“Weveshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntingtonsdisease，affectthisability.“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntingtonsdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.21Accordingtothenewresearch，whatsunusualaboutsheep?ATheyhavelargebrains.BTheycanrecognizetheirowners.CTheycantellanimalsfromhumans.DTheycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.22Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?ABygivingfoodrewards.BByshowingphotosoffamouspeople.CByguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.DByshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.23Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ASheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.BThenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.CThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.DThesheepsfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.24Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?AAWonderfulScientistBTheLifeofSheepCANewDiscoveryAboutSheepDHowSheepRecognizeEachOtherB(2018四川内江一模)Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidntsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(资源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.Ofcourse，hybridcarsarentperfect; theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.25Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?ATheymovedveryfast.BTheywereunpopular.CTheirengineswereoftenreplaced.DTheirengineswereexpensive.26Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?AItkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.BItdirectsthecartoclimbhills.CItdecideswheretopowerthecar.DItcontrolshowthecarusespower.27WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?ACarssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.BElectricmotorandpetrolengine.CHybridcarandhydrogencar.DAluminumandcarbonfiber.28Whatsthebesttitleforthetext?ACarsEnginesBCarPollutionCGreenCarsDCarsAdvantages.完形填空IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatId29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.Imaboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.WhatcanIsay？Imtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机) andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwont36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？”Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n) 39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.29A.cookedBorderedCdesignedDintroduced30A.battleBcompetitionCperformanceDpractice31A.burnBcontainCloseDconsume32A.SurprisinglyBHappilyCUnfortunatelyDHopefully33A.comingoffBpassingawayCtakingoffDturningaway34A.equipBconnectCpresentDreward35A.agreeBpretendCimagineDdecide36A.hurtBcountCchangeDsolve37A.alwaysBsometimesCseldomDnever38A.hardlyBinstantlyCregularlyDslightly39A.urgeBattractionCdifferenceDpain40A.planBhabitCgameDhobby41A.originalBcommonCinspiringDtight42A.awakeBcalmChealthyDstrong43A.goalBmemoryCrealityDtrend44A.unbelievableBchangeableCunderstandableDenjoyable45A.ThereforeBHoweverCBesidesDOtherwise46A.lackBsaveCshowDthrow47A.onceBbeforeCunlessDthough48A.choiceBfaultCcauseDexcuse答案解析.1.toknow2.to3.hasbrought4.directly5.invention6convenience7.with8.absolutely9.including10.using.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.12Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingandinformation.13Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatusalot.14Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.15Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitthereremanyaccidents.16Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.17Weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.18Thenewtechnology，iftoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.19Hethoughtthatthekeytopeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.20Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninourlifethecomputernetwork.21D细节理解题。由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选D。22A细节理解题。由第四段首句“Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选A。23B推理判断题。由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help.Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可以推断出，该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究，故选B。24C标题归纳题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选C。25B推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didnt sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知，这种电动汽车的电池很快就耗尽了，而且充电需要花很长时间，所以不受欢迎卖得不好。故选B。26D细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In a hybrid car，the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol，electricity，or both.”可知，混合动力车的电脑决定该车是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用。故选D。27A代词指代题。根据第五段中的“they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car”及“using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber，which makes them extremely light”可知，更小的发动机和特殊的建造材料使混合动力车省油，所以Both of them指的是这两者，故选A。28C标题归纳题。文章介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。C项(绿色环保车)概括了其主要优点，适合作为本文标题。.语篇解读作者想要减肥，但是他不断地摄入大量脂肪，又因为种种原因放弃了锻炼，最终减肥失败。29Bcook烹饪；order点菜，命令；design设计；introduce介绍。由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此处指作者看着自己“点的食物”。30Abattle战斗；competition竞争；performance表演；practice练习。下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪，又喝苏打水减肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，内心做着激烈的“斗争”。故A项正确。31Dburn燃烧；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，饮。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D项正确。32Csurprisingly令人惊讶地；happily高兴地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪，所以此处意为“不幸的是”。故C项正确。33Acome off从掉下；pass away去世；take off起飞；turn away拒绝进入。作者不断地摄入大量脂肪，这是作者体重下降慢的原因。故A项正确。34Dequip装备，使具有；connect连接；present颁发，呈现；reward奖赏。作者在跑步机上锻炼半个小时后，用薯片来奖励自己。故D项正确。35Dagree同意；pretend假装；imagine想象；decide决定。由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知，作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在这次吃很多的薯片。故D项正确。36Ahurt危害，伤害；count数数；change改变；solve解决。作者认为只吃一片薯片不会妨