初高中衔接动词时态基础讲解教学讲义课件

动词的时态,初高中衔接语法,Humourous Moments,The Father and His Son Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class. Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) President of the United States.,was,was,was,was,was,know,初中，基本用法 高中，更系统,高中,高中,英语中的十六种时态,考纲要求掌握10种： 1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.一般过去将来时 5.现在进行时 6.过去进行时 7.将来进行时 8.过去将来进行时,9.现在完成时 10.过去完成时 11.将来完成时 12.过去将来完成时 13.现在完成进行时 14.过去完成进行时 15.将来完成进行时 16.过去将来完成进行时,一般时的基本用法,I leave home for school at 7 every morning. The earth moves around the sun. It is time you went to bed.,一般时的基本用法,Which paragraph shall I read first? What are you going to do tomorrow？ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,D)表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况. (一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用) The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. 下午两天开会 The plane takes off at ten. E）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中， 如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时,代替将来时。 Ill not go unless Im invited. Tell him the news as soon as he comes.,(1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun. 改错(movedmoves) (2) We always care for each other and help each other. ) The shop will close at 11：00 pm. 改错(will closecloses),3 一般过去时 1.结构: did/was/were A)表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（yesterday, last night) B)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用） We often played badminton together when we were children我们小时候常在一起 打羽毛球。 (表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/ used to do 句型） . 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。 He used to/ would go to work by bus.,5. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表示将来的时间状语连用 基本结构 :will/shall +动词原形,I shall graduate next year. You wont succeed without their support.,其他将来时的表达方式：,1）be going to do 表示打算、计划、决定要做的事; “有迹象表明或预示着将发生 Look at the dark clouds; its going to rain.看那乌云，快要下雨了。 2)be about to do 表示眼下马上就要发生的动作 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。,3) be +to do 表示计划中约定的必须将发生的行为； 按职责义务必须去做的事情/要发生的动作 Youre to deliver these flowers before 10. 你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。 4)be+doing 主要用于go, come, leave, start等表示去向的短暂性动词。如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。,You _ your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。 Look at the dark clouds.It_ 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 . 小男孩就要摔倒了。 The little boy _fall over. 我们马上出发。 We_ to start off.,are to hand in,is going to rain,is going to,are about,在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如： Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试。 1._ straight on and youll see a church You wont miss it （2004年湖北卷） A Go B Going C If you go D When going,进行时的基本用法,结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing 用法: A表示说话时正在进行的动作 Someones knocking at the door. B. 表示现阶段内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 He is teaching at a night school.,1.现在进行时,C. 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动 (用现在进行时表示将来) Hes arriving tomorrow morning. D.现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等频度副词连用，连用，表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。 你总是忘记这些重要的事情。（表责怪,不满） You are always forgetting the important things. 他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏） He is always working hard.,三、对现在进行时的考查 由上下文语境表示时间。 Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. has closed down closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down,2.过去进行时 结构：was/ were + doing 用法： A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.通常有时间状语 例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. B. 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用过去进行时，而另一个动作用一般过去时。 我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。 When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.,你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. C.瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 （用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时 ） He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.,- Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised B,完成时的基本用法,7.现在完成时 结构: have (has) +过去分词 现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。 常与下边这些时间状语连用： 如:so far, up to now, recently, in the past ten years, since+时间点, for+一段时间，just ,already, yet, 等等.,在下列句型中要用现在完成时: This/ It is the first/second time + that 从句(完成时) 这是我第二次来北京了。 2.This (that / It)is the +形容词最高级 . that 从句 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 3.It has been+ 一段时间 + since从句 （ 主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既since后要用一般过去时 ） 他参军以来已经有两年了. It has been two years since he joined the army,This is the second time that I have come to Beijing.,典型例题：,1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet,答案B ；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. - Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be,答案A ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,8.过去完成时 结构：had + done 表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。 既 过去的过去。 常与时间状语by the end of +过去时间点，before+过去时间/过去动作, by+过去时间，until then 等连用 eg. They had got everything ready before I came. 到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了 。 Until then, we _for six months. hadnt heard from him,过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。 Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!,When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away). When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading.,had run away,had begun,常见考点有： 把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。 1) When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷） A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid,过去完成时典型用法: 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。含有惋惜的意思。 I had intended to call on you yesterday 我本来昨天打算要去看你。 （但没去） I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）,Hardly had+主语 donewhen+ 主语did ; No sooner had +主语+donethan + 主语did scarcely had +主语 donewhen+ 主语+did 意为“一就” 他刚睡下门铃就响了。 Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.,翻译以下句子： 1.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。 2.这是我第一次当众讲话。(用 it is) 3.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。 1.By yesterday evening the news had spread through the world. 2.It is the first time Ive spoken in public 3.The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night.,4.他总是开着窗子睡觉。 5.他一来，她就离开. （no soonerthan) 4.He always sleeps with the windows open. 5. No sooner had He come than she left,9.现在完成进行时 ( has / have been doing) 现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it.,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下： 1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。 I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years. Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。,强调： 已完成性,强调： 持续性，未完成性,过去将来时,过去将来时 1)基本结构 : would/ Should +动词原形 表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句和间接引语 。 The boy promised he _ (work) hard. I told my parents I _ (return) early.,would work,should /would return,2).其他表示过去将来的句型 was (were) going to was (were) to +动词原形 was (were) about to,Practice _ perfect. (make) 2. We often _ together when we were children.(play) 3. I _ at an evening school these days. (study) 4. I did tell my friends what_ to them if they didnt follow my advice. (happen) 5. I called Jim many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. His mother _ (talk ) on the phone all the time.,would happen,was talking,Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given words.,exercises,makes,played,am studying,6.When the police arrived, the thieves _away (run). 7.Look at the clouds; it _ (rain) . 8. The Chinese _paper for two thousand years. (make) 9. Hurry up, the plane _ (take) off at 6 oclock. 10. This is the first time that I _her song. (hear),have been making,is going to rain,had run,have heard,takes,Exercises I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get) Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door. I _ (be) in Beijing for two years. How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet? He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.,group competition,get,will get,got,is knocking,have been,does,surf,was reading,6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before. 7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer. 8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day. 9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949? 10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?,have,heard,went,would,Did,happen,was,doing,11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday? 13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow. 14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago. 15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching.,doesnt rain,will go,Does,has worked,wont,walked,had started,play,Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.,is,comes,is drawing,moved,didnt have,felt,has,studies,will visit,1 I dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know. A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comes,D,B,2.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out,3My father retired from the steel factory last month, and he _ there for more than twenty years . A worked B has worked C had been working D was working,A,4.We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _ it was gone. A. found B. had found C. would find D. would have found,A,5.This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陕西) Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen,D,6You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷） A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited,7You _ television. Why not do something more active？ A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have always been watching,B,B,8.Mr Smith _ tonight.” “ But he promised.” doesnt come B. isnt coming C. didnt come D. hadnt come,9 Ann is in hospital. Oh，really？I _ know. I _ go and visit her.(2009江苏) Adidnt；am going to Bdont；would Cdont；will Ddidnt；will,key points,10 Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.” A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice,D,B,11Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. （2004年全国卷） A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done 12. Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98） A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing,高考题点击： 13.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called 14 I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,B,D,说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。,说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。,说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。,D,A,5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季） A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (98 N) A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent,说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。,说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。,C,D,7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider,说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。,C,B,说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。,高考题点击： 1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should 2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going,说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。,说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。,B,A,3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left,说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。,C,B,说明：by the time 表示“到为止”“在之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。,（9）注意几组时态的区别： 1. 一般过去时与现在完成时： 时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。,1. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put 2. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 3. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been 4. Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to. A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were 5. When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten,2. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时,1. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “ - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 2. - Have you had any letters from him? - No, I havent, but my wife _ him regularly . A. has heard from B. has been hearing from C. had heard from D. hears,3. 现在进行时和过去进行时 1. I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary _. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come 2. - When shall we leave? - As soon as I _ what I _. A. will finish; do B. have finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do 3. At that time he _ in the library. A. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work 4. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she_in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave 5. - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice. E. I didnt notice. F. I wont notice,4. 一般过去时和过去进行时 1. He _ a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _ it. A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 2. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 3. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was falling