名词性从句讲解练习课件

名词性从句,课件制作：龙 琳 2010年8月1日,概念：一个句子， 在连词的引导下，在另一个句子中充当名词使用，叫名词从句 名词性从句包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 名词性从句可以表示：事实和问题。 1.连接词有： that whether 和 lf 2.连接代词有：who whom whose which what 等 3.连接副词有：when where why how 等 另外 whatever， whoever， whichever等 也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句。 名词性从句中的“that”没有词义，也不作任何成分,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1) (Whether he will go there) is not known . 2) (What he said ) is not true . 3) (Where he hid the money ) is to be found out . 4) (Whoever comes ) is welcome. 5) (That he will succeed) is certain .,1 It 的用法： （形式主语）,It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 It said/ reported that据说/据报道 Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布 Its no wonder, an honor that Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知） / a common saying（俗话说）that,It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/ good news/that,It is necessary/strange/important/ possible/likely/that这类主语从 句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形,It is said/reported/decided/known/ that,It seemed/happened/doesnt matter/has turned out/that,2 主语从句的注意事项：,“if” 不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。 主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。 “what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词： 1）常与其后的名词一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。 What you left are only several old books. What you said is of great importance. What he says and does doesnt concern me. What he says and does dont agree.,1 _ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How 2. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country _ the First World. A. Which; belong to B. As, belonged to C. What; belonging to D. It; belonging to 4. Its known to us all _ a form of energy . A. water is B. that water is C. is water D. that water to 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. whether B. that C. what D. when 6.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have,A,B,D,B,B,A,二. 宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,连词：that, whether，if （ that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when where why how 1).They know that the habit will kill them. 2).It all depends on whether they will support us . 3).They are confident that they can do it well. 4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job .,2 宾语从句的注意事项：,1）但是从第二个从句起，引导词that 不能省略。 He said (that) he was out at that time and that he should be to blame for the accident. 2）时态呼应。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。,1.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel) 2.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 3.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 4.Tom says that they _ (play) basketball yesterday evening. 5.I hear they _ (return) it already. 6.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 7. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 8. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 9. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be),travels,were playing,have returned,had been,wrote,has taken,had been,goes,will be,三. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.,1 它的作用：对主语进行解释说明。 连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导表语从句) 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how /because The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late/ where I will go .,2 表语从句的注意事项： 1）在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。 2）一般情况下，“that”不能省。 造句：他迟到的原因是他错过了汽车。,He missed the bus. That was _ he was late for school. He was late for school. That was _ he missed the bus.,why,because,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,B,C,D,A,四同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.,1 同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people . 2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them . 3).They had a problem whether they should go out tonight.,Tell the difference,1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,定语从句,2 同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,1） 同位语从句that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分 定语从句 that 是关系代词，起连接作用和充 当宾语和主语 2） 同位语从句that 不能省 定语从句that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省 I have heard the news that he visited our factory . I have heard the news that he told you yesterday .,考点一：考查名词性从句的引导词 that 与 what 的区别,考例（ 1 ）： _we cant get seems better than _we have.（NMET1996） A. What； what B. What； that C. That； that D. That； what,分析：在名词性从句中 that 与 What 的区别是： that 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用；而 what 不仅起连接作用，而且也可充当句子成分。此题考查了两个名词性从句：主语从句和宾语从句， what 在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。,考例 （2）： It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. if C. that D. for,分析：句首的先行词 It 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句“ that her hair was turning grey”。 此句也可以改为： That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. that 在主语从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。,考点二：考查名词性从句中的 it 作形式主语或形式宾语,考例 （1）： _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.（NMET1995） A. There B. This C. That D. It,分析：在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语和宾语放到后面，尤其是 that 引导的主语从句往往用先行词 it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为： That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.,考例（ 2 ） ： I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. （NMET1998） A. it B. that C. this D. them,分析：此题考查用先行词 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放到后面。其他代词均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。,考点三：考查名词性从句的语序,考例： The photographs will show you _. （NET1989） A. what does our village look like B . what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,分析：在名词性从句中，关联词要提到句首，句子用陈述句语序。当关联词含有疑问的意义时，考生受习惯影响往往会错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题中引导词 what 作介词 like 的宾语，而副词 how 不能作介词 like 的宾语，所以排除 C 、 D ；而 A 项是疑问句语序，故只能选 B .,考点四：考查名词性从句的引导词 whether 与 if 及 that 的区别,考例： _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .（NMET1996） A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where,分析： whether 与 if （意为“是否”）的区别是：在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但引导介词后边的宾语从句或从句后面紧跟 or not 时只能用 whether， 而不能用 if .在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，只能用 whether， 而不能用 if ，例如：,1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 这件事是否真实还是个问题。 2.What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. （上海 2001 ）医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否很快从重病中恢复过来。 3.I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 我不知道自己是否该同意这计划。,注：以上三句分别为主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。只能用 whether 引导，不能用 if .,考点五：从句中的“疑问词 +ever” 引导的从句与“ no matter+ 疑问词”引导的从句的区别,考例（ 1 ） ：_leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.（NET1988） A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who,分析： Whoever 引导的是主语从句，强调“无论谁”，它在主语从句中作主语，相当于 anyone who 或 the person who. 如果要选 A 或 B ，必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词 who. 如果选 D 就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。,考例（ 2 ） ：Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. （1995） A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who,分析：“疑问词 +ever ”引导的名词性从句与“ no matter+ 疑问词”引导的从句的区别是：前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句，后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除 A 和 D ，又因为从句中缺少的是主语，故排除 B .,考点六：考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气,考例： It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master,分析： It 作形式主语， that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。,具体有以下几个方面:,1 .在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ （should）+do”。 常用的句型有： It is necessary （important， natural， strange， etc.） that It is a pity （a shame， no wonder， etc.）that It is suggested （requested， proposed， desired， etc.）that 例如： It is strange that she （should）think so. 真奇怪，她竟然这么想。 It is necessary that he （should）be sent there at once. 应该马上派他去那里。 It is suggested that Mr. Wang give a performance at the party. 有人建议王先生在晚会上演个节目。,2 .谓语动词是表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词时，其后边的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。常用的这类动词有 suggest， propose， insist， desire， demand， request， order， command 等，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ （should）+do” .例如：,I insist that she （should）do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己完成工作。 The commander ordered that troops （should）set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。,3 .主语是 suggestion， proposal， request， idea 等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意义的名词时，表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ （should）+do ”。例如： My idea is that another meeting （should）be held to discuss the problem. 我建议再开一次会来讨论这个问题。 They received orders that the work（should） be finished by the end of this month. 他们接到了本月底完成这项工作的命令.,1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D That / because 2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that 3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason 4. _has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising . A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 5. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities . A. that B. how C. where D. what,6. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A. why B. when C. what D. where 7 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ? - Oh ,thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A. What B. That C. This D. Which 9. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule :Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A. what B. which C. when D. that,A,A,B,A,11. We made the suggestion that he _