2020版高考英语一轮复习循序写作讲义新人教版.docx

循序写作第一步从写对句子开始(用时2周)写作中写对句子是最基本的要求，其中最重要的一点是句子结构要完整。所以，同学们在平时训练时一定要从掌握最基本的句子成分和基本句式做起，通过观摩、背诵、仿写，最终写出准确无误的句子。在高考中即使你的作文不能写得漂漂亮亮、洋气十足，也一定要写得像模像样，硬伤不多！所以学写作，要先从最基本的句子抓起。第一周万变不离其宗的5种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。一、主语谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：这些不及物动词本身意义完整，不用宾语或补足语，但可被副词、介词短语、状语从句等修饰，用来说明动作的程度、时间、地点、状况等。(2018浙江6月高考写作)“The_day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said.他说：“这一天在我的农场里从黎明开始。”(2017浙江6月高考写作)The_occasion will start on the next Sunday morning.时间将定在下个周日的早上。即时演练补全句子1为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。In order to keep fit, we_should_exercise_regularly.2(2016浙江10月高考写作)我将于8月20号到达那里，那天下午到达你处可能稍晚一些。I will arrive_there on August 20th and get to your place late that afternoon.3明妮在桌子上的灯光下做针线活。Minnie was_sewing_by_the_light_of a lamp on the table. 二、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语该句式特点为：凡是及物动词其动作都有承受者，即动作的对象，因此后面需要有宾语(宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当)才能使其意义完整。除了必须有宾语外，还可以有修饰语。(2017浙江6月高考写作)Whats more, we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.另外，我们还可以和当地人一起举办一个野餐派对。(2016全国卷书面表达)I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company.我计划在一家外贸公司里找份兼职。(2017浙江11月高考写作)I am sure that youll have an unforgettable experience in your life.我确信你会有一次终身难忘的经历。(2018全国卷书面表达)Besides, youd better bring some gifts.另外，你最好带一些礼物。即时演练补全句子1(2016浙江10月高考写作)我很高兴得知在接下来的几个月里我将和你的家人共同生活。Im happy to_know_that Ill be staying with your family in the next few months.2最近几年，我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。Over the recent years, we have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other.3(2018全国卷书面表达)当你在吃饭时，你要避免发出声音。When you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid_making_noises.三、主语系动词表语该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用be动词或连系动词(如feel, seem, become, get, turn, remain, look, grow等)，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。(2018浙江6月高考写作)My_spoken_English became fluent by working parttime.通过做兼职工作，我的英语口语变得很流利。(2017全国卷书面表达)I am delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems.我很高兴得知你对唐诗感兴趣。即时演练补全句子1(2017北京高考书面表达)我很高兴收到了你的来信，并获悉你要来中国。Im_happy_to_receive your letter and know youre coming to China.2总而言之，乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。In conclusion, country_life_is_more_beneficial to health than city life.3另外，欢迎你们所有人都来参加。Whats more, everyone_of_you_will_be_welcome to take part in it.四、主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。(2016天津高考书面表达)Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们安全回国。(2017浙江11月高考写作)Well offer you some traditional activities.我们会给你提供一些传统的活动。即时演练补全句子1格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。 Mr._Green_will_give_us_a_speech on how to learn English well.2幸运的是，她答应再给我一次面试的机会。Fortunately, she promised_me_another_chance to interview. 3我父亲给妹妹买了一条红围巾。My father bought_my_sister_a_red_scarf. 五、主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语该句式中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。(2014辽宁高考书面表达)Your_contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college.事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。即时演练补全句子1作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。As a high school student, I_consider_English_a_very_important_subject.2从古代起，人们就把早起视为好习惯。People have_regarded_getting_up_early_as_a_good_habit since ancient times.3这个坏消息使得这个老妇人发疯了。The bad news drove_the_old_woman_crazy. 综合演练提能.写出下列句子所属的类型1My uncle became a miner last year.主语系动词表语2This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语3A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.主语谓语(不及物动词)4Should we sacrifice our childrens future for our own interests?主语谓语(及物动词)宾语5Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语.按要求补全句子1现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语系动词表语)Nowadays afterclass activities are_becoming_more_and_more_popular in high schools.2我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语)We havent decided when_to_discuss_the_problem_again.3奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)Granny told_me_a_very_interesting_story last night.4每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we hear him read_English_aloud.5.早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early is a good habit.6最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语)Great_changes_have_taken_place in my hometown in the past ten years.7你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You will find English_a_bridge to so much knowledge.8我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语谓语宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语)I really appreciate_your_coming_over to help me with my math.按要求完成下列题目 ()用简单句翻译下列各句，并标出所属的基本句式1. 我将要告诉你有关我的家乡嘉兴的一些事情。Ill_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiaxing.(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)2这座城市位于浙江省东北部。The_city_lies_in_the_northeast_of_Zhejiang_Province.(主语谓语)3它是一个供人们居住的美丽的地方。It_is_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in.(主语系动词表语)4近十年来它的经济一直在迅猛发展。Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_years.(主语谓语)5像污染一样的新问题正变得越来越严重。_New_problems,_such_as_pollution,_are_becoming_more_and_more_serious.(主语系动词表语)6嘉兴应该科学地发展经济。Jiaxing_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically._(主语谓语宾语)7这种发展应该使得人们越来越幸福。The_development_should_make_people_happier_and_happier.(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)()适当添加细节用5个简单句将()中的句子合并成一篇短文Now_Ill_tell_you_something_about_my_hometown_Jiaxing._The_city_lies_in_the_northeast_of_Zhejiang_Province,_a_beautiful_place_for_people_to_live_in._Its_economy_has_been_developing_rapidly_in_the_past_ten_years._However,_new_problems,_such_as_pollution,_are_becoming_more_and_more_serious._Jiaxing_should_develop_its_economy_scientifically_so_as_to_make_people_happier_and_happier.第二周考场作文常见的3类错误及防范措施一、考场作文常见的3类错误考场作文常见的错误主要分为三类：词汇类错误、语法类错误和汉语式英语。(一)词汇类错误考试时，我们很容易出现单词拼写错误和词形变化错误；而词性不清和词汇用法方面的错误主要还是受汉语的影响。其应对措施是在备考时要多注意容易拼错或容易出现词形变化的单词，特别是考前一定要熟记一些不规则词汇的变化，真正用心去体会英语词汇的词性和运用，对一些固定习语更不能想当然地改动。1单词拼写错误误：Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students.正：Our English teacher is friendly but very strict with us students.2词形变化错误误：People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water.正：People threw cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water.3词性不清错误误：Doing a parttime job always effects study.正：Doing a parttime job always affects study.4词汇用法错误误：He opened the light after he entered the room.正：He turned on the light after he entered the room.5擅自改动习语误：We lost the game, but we didnt lose our heart.正：We lost the game, but we didnt lose heart.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1We must try our best to prevent the enviroment from being polluted.enviromentenvironment2There is no doubt that keeping an English diary helps you a lot with writen English.writenwritten3During my summer vacation, I spent half a month in the country and played very happy.happyhappily4We must notice our pronunciation when we speak English.noticepay_attention_to5Just in the front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.in_the_front_ofin_front_of_(二)语法类错误一个正确的句子除了用词得当外，语法也应该准确无误。如果语法不正确，再好的构思也难以正确地表达，语法错误的多少会直接影响作文的档次。英语写作中语法类错误主要表现在：时态、语态错误、非谓语动词使用错误、主谓一致错误、比较级使用错误、多余的词以及平行错误等。1时态、语态错误误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.2非谓语动词使用错误误：Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to pollution.正：Compared with other countries, the country pays little attention to pollution.3主谓一致错误误：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on.正：My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on.4比较级使用错误误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller.正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller.5多余的词误：On one day, he went to the cinema.正：One day, he went to the cinema.6平行错误误：Then I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer.正：Then I put my book under my desk, opened it and started looking for the answer.7词性误用误：Students are asked to read English aloud everyday.正：Students are asked to read English aloud every day.8单词拼写错误 误：I heared little Mary crying in the next room.正：I heard little Mary crying in the next room.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1In the morning, we had bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees.去掉had2Not only Tom but also I are tired of one examination after another.aream3They think students should have their own time to study and it is more quieter at home._moremuch或去掉more_4There have been more and more road accidents happened in recent years.happenedhappening5More and more people entered into the hall, so it became crowded.去掉into6Mr. Smith returned back from his office earlier this afternoon.去掉back(三)汉语式英语一般来说，英汉两种语言既有许多相似之处，又有许多不同之处。在写作时如果想当然地去写，会出现许多汉语式英语，其中主要包括：纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序、句子成分残缺、句子粘连以及搭配不当等。1纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序误：At this school studying, I really very happy.正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy.2句子成分残缺误：There are many students dont support the project.正：There are many students who dont support the project.3句子粘连误：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun.正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun.4搭配不当误：We walked a far way before planting trees.正：We walked a long way before planting trees.误：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.即时演练改正下列句子中的错误1We are impossible to finish the work in such a short time.We are impossibleIt is impossible for us2Its known that the cost in big cities is very expensive.expensivehigh3He has greatly improved his spoken English by this way.byin或waymeans4I havent heard from your letter for a long time and I miss you very much.your_letteryou5He has three sons, all of them work in Beijing.all前加and或themwhom二、防范出现错误的2个措施写对句子是作文得高分的关键和保证，考场上要避免上述低级错误，可采取以下两个措施。(一)确定主语英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语(祈使句省略了主语you)。动手写句子首先要确定主语，其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。例如：杭州六月多雨。误：Hangzhou rains much in June.正：It rains much in Hangzhou in June.写得很匆忙，我发现作文里面满是错误。误：Written in a hurry, I found the composition full of mistakes.正：Written in a hurry, the composition was found full of mistakes (by me)(二)确定谓语动词英语中没有动词就构不成句子，但动词千变万化，稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句子时应特别注意以下几个方面：1注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用。误：The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years.正：The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past twenty years.2注意延续性与非延续性动词的正确运用。误：He has left his hometown for twenty years.正：He has been away from his hometown for twenty years.3注意一些不可用于被动语态的动词。误：Many stars are appeared in the sky at night.正：Many stars appear in the sky at night.综合演练提能.以下句子含有考生常犯的错误，请改正1Dr. Smith, together with his wife, are to arrive on the evening flight.areis2The car hitted the old man and drived away.hittedhit;_driveddrove3It is high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents.dodid或在do前加should4There are many students are planting trees on the hill.去掉第二个are或在students后加who5Eat at school is very convenient for students.句子改为：It_is_very_convenient_for_students_to_eat_at_school.6It was Sunday, they all went for a picnic in the woods.they前加so或wasbeing7Would you please meet my uncle at the airport because this is the first time visit to the US？去掉time8While having our dinner, the doorbell rang.在having_前加we_are或the_doorbell_rangwe_heard_the_doorbell_ringing9Recently our village has taken place great changes. 句子改为：Recently_great_changes_have_taken_place_in_our_village.10Fishing is his favorite hobby, and he also likes collecting coins.he_also_likes_collecting_coinscollecting_coins_also_gives_him_pleasure.下面的考生作文中含有10处错误，请改正(2019宁波重点中学一模)生活中，同学间难免会发生冲突和误会。假如你是李华，Henry是你班级里最要好的交换生朋友，你们约好昨晚6点半在电影院门口见面，由于某种原因你失约了。请给Henry写一封道歉信以化解误会。内容包括：1表示歉意；2解释失约的原因；3请求原谅。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。求诊病文Dear Henry，I am really sorry that I can not meet you at 6：30 last night.I do hope you didnt wait too long outside the cinema.On yesterday afternoon, I had to look after my younger sister until my mother returned back home.She was ill and stayed at the doctors so that she arrived at home very late.I ran all the way to the bus stop, only finding the last bus had already left.I had to call a taxi, but it was already half an hour later.I was going to call up you, but I had forgotten my mobile phone at home.Finally, I had no choice but to go back home, disappointing and sad.I sincere hope that you will forgive me and we can be best friends as usual.I wont let things like that happen again.Yours，Li Hua诊断结果第句：cancould第句：On_yesterdayYesterday;_去掉back或returnedcame第句：去掉arrived后面的at第句：findingto_find第句：laterlate第句：call_up_youcall_you_up;_forgottenleft第句：disappointingdisappointed第句：sinceresincerely第二步用高级表达增分(用时10周)阅卷时，一篇高考作文往往在1分钟内就被判定生死，大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。在词汇方面：如果一篇作文中突然出现几个与众不同、让人眼前一亮的词汇，阅卷老师的给分也绝不会吝啬；在句式方面：如果考生多运用一些并列句和复合句等高级句式，并注意句式的灵活多变，使文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，阅卷老师一定会毫不犹豫地将你的作文定位于五档线。第三周不落俗套的亮点词汇写作最基本的要求是考查考生遣词造句的能力，遣词的原则是表达准确、地道自然、生动形象。如果考生在掌握了最基本词汇的基础上，能够将一些常用词汇进行升华，就将成为高考作文获得高分的亮点之一。一、使用亮点词汇的4种方法1“语”众不同，避免人云亦云写作时，恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。(2018浙江6月高考读后续写)We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Tired and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.(2016全国卷书面表达)So I have to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.Therefore, I have no choice but to put you to trouble by correcting my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.(2015重庆高考写作)Of the two, I think the latter is the better.Of the two, the latter wins my favor.2更新换代，避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。(2016浙江10月高考读后续写) It was day break when Jane woke up. She was weak, but she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance. It was day break when Jane woke up. Weak as she was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance.We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have different ways to deal with such a situation. (2015浙江高考书面表达)We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.3单词与短语巧妙互用一般情况下短语优先，应多使用短语、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。但有时单词比短语更生动，可以“一词传神”。I suddenly realized that traditional culture was attractive and valuable.(2018北京高考书面表达)It suddenly hit me that traditional culture was attractive and valuable. We can look at this problem in many ways.We can view this problem in many ways.(view比look at更有“内涵”)We all live on one and the same planet.We all share one and the same planet.(share比live on更有“味感”)We should try to improve ourselves through learning and prepare for the future.(2015福建高考书面表达)We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.4用高年级学到的词汇代替低年级学到的词汇为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，应避免反复使用初中或小学阶段学过的词汇，尽量用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are sure to achieve success.(2014山东高考写作)So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to achieve success.We offer hot water 24 hours every day in our hotel and the swimming pool is free to use any time you want.Hot water is available 24 hours every day in our hotel and you can have free access to the swimming pool any time you want.二、使用亮点词汇的2点注意1注意增加亮词的“出镜率”，变消极词汇为积极词汇阅读中能认识但写作中不会用的词汇属于消极词汇，写作中能运用自如的词汇为积极词汇，也就是平常所说的“第一反应词”。积极词汇量的多少直接决定着英语作文表达水平的高低。现在很多考生的困难是，头脑中的很多词汇介于积极词汇与消极词汇之间；另外，很多背到的消极词汇如果较长时间不接触就会变成陌生词汇。因此在备考过程中，我们要做的事情就是迅速扩大消极词汇量并且保持接触的频度，力争使其变成积极词汇。很多考生作文驻足不前的一个重要原因是反复用初中学过的简单词汇，背了大量的亮词妙语而不用。这是一种懒惰的表现。建议大家在想到一个表达时，务必要想一想还有没有更好的表达方式，这就是我们平时常讲的“头脑风暴法”。例如想表达“美丽的”这个含义，大家首先想到的是“beautiful”，那么在下笔时，要想一想还有没有更出彩的表达，如“attractive”或“charming”等。再如表达“困难的”时，大家常用“difficult”，那是不是用“tough”或“challenging”更与众不同呢？2注意亮点词汇使用的场合写作时，在用词上不可随心所欲，决不能为追求“高级”而使用复杂但毫无把握的词语，也不能满篇堆积所谓的“高级”词汇，否则给人过分炫耀之嫌，得不偿失。一般来说，一篇文章能用好三五个高级词汇就可以了。另外，为能更好地“完成规定的写作任务”，减少错误，特提醒同学们在使用“高级词汇”时，一定要注意遵循“准确、恰当”的原则，并且要注意使用的场合，难词和生僻词汇并不一定就是高级词汇。例如：一大早我们买了些圣诞礼物。Early in the morning we purchased some Christmas presents. (purchased太过于书面化，改为bought更地道)三、高分必备的24个亮点词汇名词普通词汇高级词汇普通词汇高级词汇chanceopportunitychoicealternativeideaopinionpeopleindividualsresultconsequenceeffectinfluence动词havepossessreplacesubstitutebearput up withunderstandmake sense ofdeveloppromoteconsidertake into account形容词enoughadequaterichabundantproperappropriateimportantvital/significantinterestingabsorbing/appealingdifficultchallenging副词finallyeventuallyhardlybarelyimmediatelyin a flashnowadayscurrently连词sothereforeandas well asThats why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.(2017北京高考写作)Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better alternative.那就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.I can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us.我再也无法忍受他跟我们讲话的方式。综合演练提能.请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分1(2017全国卷书面表达)The craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.various/a_range_of2More and more visitors have been attracted to this place.An_increasing_number_of3The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses.challenging4Well try ou