英语文体、阅读与解题1.pptx

英语文体、阅读与解题,高考英语阅读理解 解题指导之一,为什么要重视文体的训练？ * *,体裁多样 题材广泛 各有侧重,1 理解主旨和要义 2 理解文中具体信息 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 4 作出简单判断和推理 5 理解文章的基本结构 6 理解作者的意图观点和态度,高考英语阅读考什么？,学生阅读中存在的障碍有哪些？,难以把握全文，把握不住文章重点，阅读速度较慢，,高考英语阅读考查重点可以归结为：考查考生超越文章具体语句总领全文的能力，即考查考生能否站在与作者同样的高度，与作者对话并产生共鸣。 1. 把握主旨大意的能力。包括拟定文章标题、概括中心思想和段落大意的能力。 2. 把握篇章结构的能力。 3. 推理判断的能力。包括推断上下文、推断隐含意义、推断作者意图及态度等能力。词义及语句推断也并非与全文毫无关联。 4. 细节理解能力。而细节常常不是孤立的，是为全文中心服务的。 以上各种题型的解题方法因文章体裁的不同而有所不同。考生应当熟悉高考常见文章体裁，提升总领全文、把握文章重点的能力。,阅读理解的解题步骤 1.通读全文。按照不同体裁的特点，标注重要信息。如在阅读议论文时，初读就应标注作者主要观点、论据以及结论。 2.审读题干。了解每道题的考查方向，是考查主旨大意、篇章结构、细节理解还是推理判断。 3.回读原文。借助初读时所做的标注，确保每道题的正确选项皆有出处。,应用文体裁的广告、公告类文章，因多考查细节题，可以直接带着问题到文中查找信息。但必须保证答案在文中有出处。,记叙文 记叙文六要素：who, what, where, when, why, how 记叙文的基本结构：beginning - developing - climax - ending 记叙文阅读与解题的关键：人物或事件的发展 高考常见记叙文包括：故事、消息、传记,故事 故事类记叙文分为写人与记事两类。阅读该类文章应该紧紧抓住人物或事件发展这条主线。作者通过描写人物的思想感情及其转变或事件的发展变化体现故事的主题；故事情节围绕人物或事件发展而安排并且为主题服务；推理判断也往往离不开对故事的整体把握。初读时标注开头、标志转折的细节和结局。,When I was in the third grade, I was picked to be the princess(公主)in the school play. For weeks my mother had helped me practice my lines. But once onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Then my teacher told me she had written a narrators(解说者的) part for the play, and asked me to change roles. Though I didnt tell my mother what had happened that day, she sensed my unhappiness and asked if I wanted to take a walk in the yard. It was a lovely spring day .We could see dandelions(蒲公英)popping through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with bits of gold. I watched my mother carelessly bend down by one of the bunches. “I think I am going to dig up all these,weeds,” she said. “From now on, well have only roses in this garden.” “But I like dandelions,” I protested. “All flowers are beautifuleven dandelions!” My mother looked at me seriously. “ Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesnt it?” she asked thoughtfully. I nodded. “And that is true of people, too,” she added. When I realized that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry and told her the truth. “But you will be a beautiful narrator,” she said, reminding me of how much I loved to read stories aloud to her.,Over the next few weeks, with her continuous encouragement, I learned to take pride in the role. The big day finally came. A few minutes before the play, my teacher came over to me. “Your mother asked me to give this to you,” she said, handing me a dandelion. After the play, I took home the flower, laughing that I was perhaps the only person who would keep such a weed.,57Why did the mother suggest a walk in the garden? ATo remove the dandelions BTo enjoy the garden scene. CTo have a talk with her daughter. DTo help her daughter with the play. 58What is the main idea of the story? AEverybody can find his or her own way to success. BEverybody has his or her own value in the world. CEverybody should learn to play different roles. DEverybody has some unforgettable memory.,Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going wellshe had a great job, a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work.“The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through,” she said.“After everything Id done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was so angry and I just didnt feel like looking for another job. I hated everything about the city and my life.” Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in northwest Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a,weekend away from London, and now, ten months later, she is still on the farm. “The moment I arrived at Kathys farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay,” said Zoe.“Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless.” Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets.“Its a hard life, physically very tiring,” she says.“In London I was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all I need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathys wonderful dinners.” Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm. Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has been,teaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambingwatching a lamb being born is unbelievable, she says, “Its one of the most moving experiences Ive ever had. I could never go back to city life now.”,69.The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathys farm is that . A. Zoe lost her job as a PR consultant B. Kathy persuaded her to do so C. Zoe got tired of the city life D. Zoe loved Wales more than London,70.How does Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage? A. Tiresome and troublesome. B. Romantic and peaceful. C. Mentally exhausting but healthy. D. Physically tiring but rewarding. 71.Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage? A. A friend in need is a friend indeed. B. Where there is a will, there is a way. C. A misfortune may turn out a blessing. D. Kill two birds with one stone.,消息 新闻报道也分写人叙事两类，除了具备记叙文一般要素，遵循记叙文“发生-发展-结局”的行文脉络外，还具有其独特的结构：标题-导语-正文-结语。在阅读中要特别注意首段，因为消息的首段往往就是其主旨大意之所在。,Some people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune before dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales(童话). The first envelop was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the Braunschweiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous (匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000,then arrived at a kindergarten and a church. The envelops keep coming, and so far at,least 190,000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them was sent to the newspapers own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14-year-old boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside, with a copy of the article. The name of the family was underlined. ,What would be the best title for the passage? A. Money Is Raised by the Newspaper B. Newspaper Distributes Money to the Needy C. Unknown Hero Spreads Love in Envelopes D. Robin Hood Returns to the City,传记 与消息一样，人物传记也有自己独特的风格。其常常包含以下要素：life-story - achievements - influence or the writers comment. 常按时间顺序组织全文。阅读时注意标注年份，生平中的重要事件（如婚姻、家庭、教育、经历，等）、重大成就（包括对其成就的取得有重大影响的人或事）及其地位或影响。,Louis Armstrong had two famous nicknames. Some people called him Bagamo. They said his mouth looked like a large bag. Musicians often called him Pops, as a sign of respect for his influence on the world of music. Born in 1901 in New Orleans, he grew up poor, but lived among great musicians. Jazz was invented in the city a few years before his birth. Armstrong often said, “Jazz and I grew up together.” Armstrong showed a great talent for music when he was taught to play the cornet (短号) at a boys home. In his late teens, Armstrong began to live the life of a musician. He played in parades, clubs, and on the steamboats that traveled on the Mississippi,River. At that time, New Orleans was famous for the new music of jazz and was home to many great musicians. Armstrong learned from the older musicians and soon became respected as their equal. In 1922 he went to Chicago. There, the tale of Louis Armstrong begins. From then until the end of his life, Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went. Armstrong had no equal when it came to playing the American popular song. His cornet playing had a deep humanity (人性) and warmth that caused many listeners to say, “Listening to Pops just makes you feel good all over.”He was the father of the jazz style and also one of the best-known,and most admired people in the world. His death, on July 6,1971, was headline news around the world.,41.Armstrong was called Pops because he _. . A. looked like a musician B. was a musician of much influence C. showed an interest in music D. traveled to play modern music 42.The third paragraph is developed . A. by space B. by examples C. by time D. by comparison,family: poor experience: learned, moved, played, traveled people influencing him: great musicians achievements: equal to, father; no equal, celebrated, admired influence: on the world of music,43.Which statement about Armstrong is true? A. His tale begins in New Orleans. B. He was born before jazz was invented. C. His music was popular with his listeners. D. He learned popular music at a boys home. 44.Which would be the best title for the text? A. The Invention of the Jazz Music B. The Father of the Jazz Style C. The Making of a Musician D. The Spread of Popular Music,She is a British athlete by the name of Tinny Grey-Thompson. Born with spinal bifida（脊椎裂）which left her paralyzed from the waist down, Tinny used a wheelchair from the age of 7.At first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back. Indeed, Tinnys athletic career took off. In 1984,when she was 15,she pulled off a surprise victory in the 100 meters at the Junior National Wheelchair Games. In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympics Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 meters.,Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics. Tinny won gold in the 100,200,400 and 800 meters relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved the first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories. Tinnys enduring success has been part motivation(动机），part preparation.“The training I do that enables me to be a good sprinter(短跑运动员）,enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me prepared for whatever distance I went to race.I am s