高考英语状语从句讲解和分析课件

副词性从句状语从句,步步高培训学校,一.基本概念,1.什么是状语？由哪些词来做状语？ 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等担当。 例句： Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词),2.什么是状语从句？ 在句子中起状语作用的句子就是状语从句，用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。,二.状语从句的种类,Adverbial Clauses of Time （时间状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Conditions (条件状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句) Adverbial Clauses of Result (结果状语从句) Adverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Concession (让步状语从句） Adverbial Clauses of Manner (方式状语从句),1.时间状语从句： 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when,例句： I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.,2.原因状语从句： 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.,例句： My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.,3.条件状语从句： 常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that,例句： Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed as/so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.,4.地点状语从句： 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere 例句：Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard.,5.目的状语从句： 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 例句：The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.,6.结果状语从句： 常用引导词：so that, such that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that 例句：He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.,7.比较状语从句： 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B,例句：She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。,8.让步状语从句： 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever,例句： Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He wont listen whatever you may say.,9.方式状语从句: 常用引导词：as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the way 例句:When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.,三.状语从句中的考点和难点,1.几类状语从句中引导词的基本用法和区别 2.状语从句的时态问题 3.状语从句的省略问题 4.状语从句的倒装问题 5.状语从句的虚拟语气问题 6.状语从句与其他从句的区分区别,1.几类状语从句中引导词的基本用法和区别： 1）时间状语从句中when ，while，as的区别：见下页表格！,Eg: 1). When he comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. (when = at that time) 2）While he was walking in the street, he met Tim =When he was walking in the street, he met him. 3)As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily. (as: 一边一边, 随着） 4)I like tea while she likes coffee. (这里的while是等立连词不是从属连词，表示“然而，却”),2）.时间状语从句的中的till、until和notuntil： 肯定句: 主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主从句都为肯定式,意为 “某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止 ”。 Eg: You may stay here until / till the rain stops. He remained there until / till she arrived. 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词, 从句为肯定式，意为 “某动作直到某时间才开始”。 Eg: He will not go to bed until (till) his mother comes. Until she told me, I had no idea of what they had said. 注意: till 不可置于句首。,3）.时间状语从句中before 和 since 的用法： 1)Before he returned, his mother had prepared food for him. (在之前) 2)The fire lasted four hours before the firefighters could control it.(才) 3)Before I could speak to him, he had left hurriedly. (没来得及) 4)Write down the telephone number before you forget it. (趁; 以免) 5)I hadnt waited long before he came back. (就) 6) Get out before I call the police. (否则; 要不然),8) It is/was/will be + some time + before-clause (多久以后才) Eg: It will be half a year before I come back. It wont be long before we meet again. since =(from the time that) 9）主句现在完成时+since + clause（一般过去时）： Eg: 1). I have known him ever since he was a boy. 2). I have worked here since I graduated from the university. 3). It is (has been) two years since he came here.,4）.时间状语从句中 By the time的用法： 这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止,主句常用完成时态。 Eg: By the time he arrived, the train had already gone. By the time he comes, we will already have left. 例外： By the time he went abroad， he was fourteen.(主句是系表形式或像know等表示”认知”的持续动词, 则往往用一般时态。),5）.原因状语从句中的because，since，as的区别。三者均表示“因为，由于”的意思。它们区别是： because语气最强，用于回答why引导的有较强逻辑性的因果关系问题，它常常与only，just以及否定词not连用。Because引导的从句通常置于主句之后，只有在强调的时候在置于主句之前。 例句：1）Tom should attend school because he has reached 7. 2) Just because they wanted to earn more money, they made a lot of low-quality products.,since和as语气都比较弱，多用在口语中，所表示的原因比较明显，或者是大家都已知的事实。因此，它们的前面不可用just，only等强调词和否定词not。它们引导的从句多置于句首。 例句：1)As you already know the truth, I need not explain the whole thing to you. 2)Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting, shall we?,注意：for也是一个表示原因的连词，与because，since，as不同的是，它是个等立连词，放在句中连接两个并列的句子。For比较文气，长用于笔语。 例句：The days are getting warmer and warmer, for spring is coming.,because, since, as ,for,1.I danced in front of the people because I liked it. 2. As/Since he was not well, I decided to go without him. 3.As/Since everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more. 4. I had to talk to him, for I had no second choice.,6）.目的状语从句中的so that和in order that: （为了。以便。） 它们引导的状语从句中需要情态动词, in order that 比 so that正式, 引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而 so that 引导的从句一般置于主句之后。 Eg: 1). They set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time. 2). In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.,注意目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互换 Eg: They set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time.= They set out early in order to ( so as to) arrive there in time,7）.结果状语从句中的sothat和suchthat： Such + adj.+PL/ +that-clause Such + a / an + adj. + n + that-clause Such + a lot of / lots of + PL + that-clause so +adj./adv. +that-clause so + adj.+a/an + n + that-clause so + many/few + 复数名词 +that-clause So + much/little+不可数名词 + that-clause,Eg: 1. It is so good a story that Ill never forget it. = It is such a good story that Ill never forget it.,8）.让步状语从句although和though的用法： Although 与 though 意思相同,表示“尽管，虽然”的意思，一般可互换,都可以与 yet, still 或 nevertheless连用, 但不能和 but 连用。 例句：Eg: 1). Although (Though) he is old ,he works hard. = He is old, but he works hard. 另外：though 还可以用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句尾。例句：He said he would come; he didnt, though.(可是),2.状语从句的时态问题： 1）“主将从现”原则：一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例句： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 解说：这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主将从现原则。,As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(解说：从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished。) If you work harder, you will pass the exam next time.(主将从现)=Work hard, and you will pass the exam. Ill return the book as soon as I have finished reading it. Hell have four years at university after he leaves school,2）since与完成时： since 引导时间状语从句时，其主句通常要用现在完成时，有时也用现在完成进行时。从句用一般过去时。 例句：He has grown an inch since I saw him. 我上次见到他以后他已长高了一英寸。 更多例句参看 注：当主句为“It + be + 一段时间”时，则通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如： Its more than three years now since I saw her last. 我们已有三年多没见面了。,3）特定句式的时态： 由 no sooner. . .than, hardly/scarcelywhen引出的时间状语从句，其主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。 另外：通常会把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,这个时候应用部分倒装语序。（该知识点在倒装结构中有讲到，请参看！）,例句： Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚到她就抱怨起来。 No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang. 他刚睡着电话铃就响了。 We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就下起一阵雷暴。 No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts. 她刚同意嫁给他她就开始产生可怕的疑虑。,3.状语从句的倒装问题： 请参看PPT倒装结构的讲解。 4.状语从句中的虚拟语气问题： 请参看PPT虚拟语气的讲解。 5.状语从句的省略问题: 请参看PPT省略的讲解。 6.状语从句与其它从句的区分区别。,四.高考真题和对比训练,1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 2. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 答案：1.B 2.C,3. (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 4. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 答案3.C 4.D,5.(04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 6. (05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because 答案：5.C 6.B,7. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷） A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though,答案：7.A 8.B 解析：while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导