2019高考英语二轮题海特训营（1）阅读理解细节理解一.docx

阅读理解-细节理解一1、 Jimmy Doolittle was a scientist, an airplane engineer and a general in the United States Army. At one time, he held the record for flying faster than any other person. He was the first pilot to cross the United States in less than twenty-four hours. He was the first pilot to fly “ blind,using only instruments to guide his airplane. And, when his country entered World War Two, he led one of the first successful attacks against the enemy. Jimmy Doolittle was bom on December, 14th, 18%,in the western state of California. His family soon moved to Nome,Alaska. Jimmy was a small boy. He never grew to be very big. Yet larger boys made a mistake if they thought being small also meant being weak. Jimmy would fight if someone tried to hurt him. And he almost never lost. As a young man he became a boxing champion. When the United States entered World War One, young Jimmy Doolittle joined the army. He also asked to be trained as a pilot. On March 18th, 1918, Jimmy passed the tests and graduated from flight school. He had hoped to go to France and fight in the war. The army, however, had him train other pilots. When the war ended, Jimmy chose to stay in the army. He thought this would give him a chance to combine his flying skills and his interest in engineering. For most of the years between World War One and World War Two, Jimmy Doolittle was involved in the growth of the airplane industry. He helped test new airplanes. He flew longer and longer distances. He also entered the world-famous air races of the time. On September 27th, 1993, the scientist, racing pilot, aviation pioneer and military leader Jimmy Doolittle died.1.Which of the following statements about Jimmy is NOT true?A.He was the first pilot to fly with his eyes covered.B.He held the record for the flying speed at one time.C.He was the first pilot that crossed America in less than 24 hours.D.He was the first pilot to fly only by using instruments to guide his airplane.2.What did Jimmy do during the First World War?A.He went to France to fight.B.He trained other pilots in the army.C.He became a boxing champion.D.He led the army to attack against the enemy.3.Why did Jimmy choose to stay in the army when the war ended?A.He liked the army very much.B.He wanted to train more pilots in the army.C.He thought the army could provide better salary.D.The army was a good place to combine his skills and interest.4.The last paragraph but one mainly tells Jimmys_.A.achievementsB.contributionsC.developmentD.strengths2、 One day,I received a call from a colleague.He was about to give a student a zero for his answer to a physical problem,while the student claimed a perfect score.I was elected as their arbiter(仲裁人).I read the examination problem,“Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer(气压计).”The student had answered,“Take the barometer to the top of the building,attach a long rope to it,lower it to the street,and then bring it up and measure the length of the rope.The length of it is the height of the building.” The student had really answered the question completely,but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics.I suggested the student try again.I gave him six minutes to answer the question,warning that the answer should show some knowledge of physics.Five minutes later,he said he had many answers and dashed off one,which read “Take the barometer to the top of the building and lean over the edge of the roof.Drop the barometer,timing its fall with a stopwatch.Then,use the physical formula(公式)to calculate the height of the building.” At this point,my colleague had to accept it,and then the student made almost full marks.I couldnt help asking the student what the other answers were.He listed many others,and then added,“Probably the best one is to take the barometer to the administrator and say to him,Sir,here is a fine barometer.If you tell me the height of the building,I will give it to you.” Then,I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question.He admitted that he did,but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think. The name of the student was Bohr who later was famous all over the world.He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.1.The student got a zero at the beginning because _.A.the teacher wasnt satisfied with himB.his answer wasnt complete or correctC.the teacher didnt fully understand his answerD.his answer didnt show his knowledge of physics2.We know from the passage that _.A.the student knew the expected answerB.the administrator told Bohr the heightC.the author preferred Bohrs last answerD.the teacher was a very stubborn person3.We can learn from the passage that _.A.instructors can teach students how to thinkB.arbiters can help students to get high scoresC.students should be given more freedom in thinkingD.teachers should make students use physical formulas4.What was Bohrs attitude toward his schooling?A.Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Approving.D.Pessimistic.3 Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. Thats when I learned about the Lighthouse Project. I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family. Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I had no idea. But I was about to find out. After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me. Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and I returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.1.What do we know about the author?A.His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.2.According to Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author _.A.discussed his decision with his familyB.asked previous volunteers about voluntary workC.attended special training to perform difficult tasksD.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends3.In his application for the volunteer job, the author _.A.participated in many discussionsB.went through challenging survival testsC.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.faced strong competition from other candidates4.On arrival at the village, the author was _.A.asked to lead a farming teamB.sent to teach in schoolhouseC.received warmly by local villagersD.arranged to live in a separate house5.What can we infer from the authors experiences in Nigeria?A.He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.4、 What are American high schools like? Well, Im happy to tell you what I know. When I started school here, it had already been a week since the school opened. At this school, freshmen usually go on a trip for about three days at the beginning of school. Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I d known about it earlier. Despite the disappointment, however, I gradually adapted to my new life and school. There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other. As we do not always have the same classrooms and classmates, the school wants us to get to know each other there. Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun. Around the space, there are many lockers for students to leave their books in, so that students do not have to carry a heavy schoolbageverywhere. It really surprises me that we have almost no textbooks. We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra and they are big and heavy,like bricks. For other classes,we only need binders(活页夹) with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time. We never know what we will learn. Another difference between American schools and Chinese schools is that American schools care about students morality more than their academic studies. For example, if you do not finish your homework, you will just be asked to do it later, but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out. I think that most students here are good at schoolwork as well, but compared to Chinese students, they can make learning a more joyful experience. I think we should take the good points from our two different kinds of education to perfect our approach to studying.1.What was the writer sad for?A.He was late for school.B.He missed the trip at the beginning of school.C.He didnt know anyone.D.American students looked down upon him.2.Why do students go to the basement of the teaching building?A.To attend class.B.To share a classroom.C.To have fun.D.To meet teachers.3.According to the passage, in American high schools,_.A.you are likely to be kicked out if you cheatB.youll be punished if you do not finish your homeworkC.students are better at schoolwork than Chinese studentsD.students care much about the grades they get5、 One year ago,I paid no attention to English idioms,though my teacher emphasized(强调) their importance again and again. But soon, the importance of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience. One day, I happened to meet an Englishman on the road, and soon we began to talk. As I was talking about how I was studying English, the foreigner seemed to be astonished. Gently shaking his head,shrugging his shoulders,he said, “You dont say!” “You dont say!” I was puzzled. I thought perhaps this was not an appropriate topic. Id better change the topic. So I said to him, “Well,shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way,have you ever been there?” “Certainly, everyone back home will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it. It was magnificent. He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide. “The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world. We are very proud of it. Soon I was interrupted again by his words “You dont say!” I couldnt help asking, “Why do you ask me not to talk about it?” “Well,I didnt ask you to do so,” he answered,greatly surprised. I said,“Didnt you say You dont say! Hearing this,the Englishman laughed to tears. He began to explain,“You dont say! actually means Really! It is an expression of surprise. Perhaps you dont pay attention to English idioms. Only then did I know I had made a fool of myself. Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expressions. Remember: what the English teachers said is always right to us students.1.At first, on hearing “You dont say!” I thought the foreigner meant_.A.he was not interested in the topicB.he was only interested in the Great WallC.I had talked too muchD.I had to stop talking at once2.After the Englishman explained the idiom, _.A.I felt proud of my understandingB.the Englishman made a fool of himselfC.I felt very sillyD.I became more careful in everything3.What does the writer try to tell us?A.When you are speaking to a foreigner, you should be careful.B.English idioms are important.C.Foreigners are hard to understand.D.Learning a foreign language is difficult.4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The Englishman left China without seeing the Great Wall.B.The Englishman wanted to see the Great Wall after I talked about it.C.The Englishman wanted me to act as his guide.D.The Englishman visited the Great Wall and thought it worth visiting.6、An unlikely best friend Once again, I was in a new schooL So was a girl in my class named Paris. Thats where the similarities ended. I was tall and she was small. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. I was awkward(笨拙的) and shy. She wasnt. I couldnt stand her,considering her my enemy. But she wanted to be friends. One day, she invited me over and I said yes I was too shocked to say no. Actually,no one had invited me over to play before. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to see me. She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place with her mother, her stepfather, her two brothers and her sister. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbieswhich was my next surprise. I would have thought shed outgrown(长大而放弃)them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. Thats when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations. We had a great day that afternoon. Our jaws(下巴) ached from smiling so much. She showed me her outfits(外套), which had almost come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange. Paris had the whole neighborhood charmed (使入迷). The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each others houses, and spent every free moment together. My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall. Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through the tough teenage years and taught me an amazing and very surprising thing about making friends: your “worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend.1.The writer and Paris were similar in that_.A.they were both new studentsB.both of them were friendlyC.both of them were tallD.they were both the youngest in class2.In the article the writer describes Paris as a girl who was_.A.awkward and shyB.fashionable and proudC.quiet and lonelyD.friendly and lovely3.What did the writer learn from Paris?A.How to make best use of your neighborhood.B.How to dress and look fashionable.C.How to become a good writer.D.How to make friends.4.From the article,we can see that through her friendship with Paris, the writer_.A.found she and Paris had more similarities than differencesB.was able to fit in at her new school with Paris helpC.was not so awkward or shy as beforeD.learned more about fashion herself 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,只有A句不对。故选A项。2.细节理解题.根据第五段中的“The army,however,had him train other pilots. ” 可知B项正确。3.细节理解题.根据第五段最后一句可知,D项正确.4.主旨大意题.根据倒数第二段的内容可知,主要介绍的是吉米的成就. 误解分析:易错项是B项,意为“贡献”。 2答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。从第二段第一句中的“but the answer didnt confirm his competence in physics”可知,这个学生的解题方法没有体现物理方面的知识是他得零分的原因。2.细节理解题。从倒数第二段中的“Then,I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional answer to this question.He admitted that he did”可知,这个学生知道被期待的答案是什么。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。从最后两段的内容可知,Bohr富有创造性思维并获得了诺贝尔奖,由此推断文章主张学生应该被允许自由地思考。4.观点态度题。从倒数第二段中的“but said that he was fed up with high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think”可知,Bohr对他接受的教育持批判的态度。 3答案及解析：答案： 1.A; 2.A; 3.D; 4.C; 5.A解析： 1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.”可知,作者在获得英国文学学位的荣誉的过程中并没有学习到什么实用的东西。由此可知选项A符合题意。2.推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.”可知,作者和家人都对这个决定没有掉以轻心,由此推断,他们应该是讨论了这个决定。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. I finally received a call asking me to report for the duty. I would be going to a small village.可知,作者在众多的应试者中脱颖而出并通过考试,最终被录用,所以选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的they offered their homes hearts, and food as if I were their own family”可知,作者到达时受到了当地村民热情的